宋 Song · 诗 Poem
新晴
After the Fresh Clearing
青苔满地初晴后，绿树无人昼梦余。
唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书。
Green trees, no one about, from a noonday nap.
Only the south wind, an old acquaintance,
Slyly opens the door and turns the pages of a book.
Meaning
The poem captures the leisurely ease after a summer rain clears, finding playful delight in the personified south wind.
初晴之后青苔满地，绿树荫下无人，正是昼梦初醒时分。只有那南风像是旧日相识，偷偷推开门窗，又翻弄起书卷来。
Appreciation
The first couplet is all stillness—moss, green shade, an empty courtyard, a just-ended nap—a picture of perfect quiet. Then the south wind arrives as 'an old acquaintance' who 'slyly' opens the door and turns the pages, and the still scene comes alive. The playful verb 'slyly' gives the wind a mischievous character, and the poet's fondness for such small natural company reveals a contentment that needs no human guest.
【白话串讲】 “青苔满地初晴后，绿树无人昼梦余”——刘攽写新晴：雨后初晴，青苔满地。“唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书”——只有南风像老朋友，偷偷开门翻书。南风会翻书，写得俏皮。 【意象与手法】以“青苔”“绿树”“昼梦”写闲静，以“南风旧相识”“偷开”“翻书”拟人，灵动俏皮。 【情感与主旨】写夏日新晴后的闲适恬淡，流露对自然之趣的喜爱与悠然自得。 【名句点睛】“唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书”——以南风拟人，闲趣盎然。
Background
Liu Ban was a Northern Song historian (who aided Sima Guang on the Comprehensive Mirror). This poem writes his leisure at home after a fresh clearing.
《新晴》为宋代刘攽所作，是写雨后初晴、南风翻书的诗。刘攽（1023—1089），字贡父，号公非，临江新喻人，宋代史学家、诗人。此诗：青苔满地初晴后，绿树无人昼梦余。唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书。全诗写雨后初晴、南风翻书，是刘攽诗的名篇。
Art
Personification (old acquaintance, slyly opens, turns the book); uses movement to write stillness, leisure abounding.
《新晴》艺术上以雨后初晴的描摹与南风翻书的闲趣见长。全诗四句：首写青苔绿树——“青苔满地初晴后，绿树无人昼梦余”写青苔满地初晴后、绿树无人昼梦余；末写南风翻书——“唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书”写唯有南风旧相识、偷开门户又翻书。全诗以雨后初晴写南风翻书，正是刘攽诗闲趣的笔法。
Allusions
Allusions in 'After a Fresh Clearing' run through 'moss covering the ground,' 'after the first clear spell,' 'the green trees,' 'a daytime dream,' 'the south wind, an old acquaintance,' 'stealing open the door,' and 'turning the pages.' Every phrase is simply what it names; the poem catches the moment after rain when the south wind, like an old friend, slips in and flips the pages of a book, its allusions natural and its idle delight self-evident -- the manner of Liu Ban's verse.
《新晴》用典在“青苔满地”“初晴后”“绿树”“昼梦”“南风旧相识”“偷开门户”“翻书”。“青苔满地”写青苔满地；“初晴后”写初晴后；“绿树”写绿树；“昼梦”写昼梦；“南风旧相识”写南风旧相识；“偷开门户”写偷开门户；“翻书”写翻书。全诗以这些意象写雨后初晴、南风翻书，用典自然而闲趣自见，正是刘攽诗的笔法。
Commentary
Critics said it 'finds liveliness within quiet, attaining the true flavor of life.'
《新晴》是刘攽诗的名篇，也是宋诗中写雨后闲趣的代表作。此诗写雨后初晴、南风翻书，向为论者称道。论者多赏其雨后初晴的描摹与南风翻书的闲趣——“青苔满地初晴后，绿树无人昼梦余”写青苔满地初晴后、绿树无人昼梦余，闲趣之极；“唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书”写唯有南风旧相识、偷开门户又翻书，更见其趣。刘攽为北宋史学家，偶为小诗亦清新闲适，此诗正是其代表——以雨后初晴写南风翻书，正是其诗风。
Prosody
Line by line
青苔满地初晴后，绿树无人昼梦余。
Green moss covers the ground after the first clearing; in the green trees, no one, after the daytime dream.
青苔满地初晴后，绿树无人昼梦余。
Green moss spreads over the ground after the first clearing; in the green shade, no one, the noon dream just ended.
首写青苔满地初晴后、绿树无人昼梦余，是全诗写雨后初晴的起点。“青苔满地初晴后”写青苔满地初晴后——“青苔满地初晴后”写青苔满地、在初晴之后——青苔满地初晴后；“绿树无人昼梦余”写绿树无人昼梦余——“绿树无人昼梦余”写绿树无人、昼梦醒来——绿树无人昼梦余。二句写青苔满地初晴后、绿树无人昼梦余：青苔满地初晴后，绿树无人昼梦余。以“青苔满地初晴后”写青苔满地、雨后初晴，以“绿树无人昼梦余”写绿树无人、昼梦初醒，正是刘攽诗写雨后初晴的起点——青苔满地，绿树昼梦。
The opening writes the green moss over the ground after the clearing and the green trees, no one, the noon dream, the starting point of the poem's rain-after-clearing. Green moss covers the ground after the first clearing writes the moss over the ground in the first clear; in the green trees, no one, after the daytime dream writes the green trees, no person, the waking from the noon dream. Two lines: the moss-covered ground after the rain's clearing, the green trees waking from the noon dream. The moss-covered ground and the first clearing write the rain and the clearing; the green trees and the waking write the no-person and the dream's end — precisely Liu Ban's starting point for the rain-after-clearing: the moss-covered ground, the noon dream in the green shade.
唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书。
Only the south wind, an old acquaintance, steals open the door and turns the pages.
唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书。
Only the south wind, an old acquaintance, steals open the door and turns the book's pages.
末写唯有南风旧相识、偷开门户又翻书，是全诗写南风翻书的归结。“唯有南风旧相识”写唯有南风旧相识——“唯有南风旧相识”写只有南风像是旧相识——唯有南风旧相识；“偷开门户又翻书”写偷开门户又翻书——“偷开门户又翻书”写偷开窗户门、又翻书页——偷开门户又翻书。二句写唯有南风旧相识、偷开门户又翻书：唯有南风旧相识，偷开门户又翻书。以“唯有南风旧相识”写南风如旧识、亲切入来，以“偷开门户又翻书”写偷开门户、又翻书页，正是刘攽诗写南风翻书的归结——南风旧识，偷门翻书。
The close writes the south wind, the old acquaintance, stealing the door and turning the pages, the gathering of the poem's south wind and book-turning. Only the south wind, an old acquaintance writes only the south wind like an old acquaintance; steals open the door and turns the book's pages writes the stealing of the window and door and the turning of the pages. Two lines: the south wind the old acquaintance, the stolen door and the turning pages. The south wind the old acquaintance writes the wind's friendly entry; the stolen door and turning pages write the stealing of the door and the turning — precisely Liu Ban's gathering for the south wind and book-turning: the old wind, the stolen door, the turned pages.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
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