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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

鹧鸪天·懒向青门学种瓜

The, Partridge, in, the, Sky, the, Too, Lazy, to, Learn, the, Planting, the, Melons, at, the, Green, Gate

陆游

Lu You

渔父Theme 闲适Leisure

懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华。
双双新燕飞春岸，片片轻鸥落晚沙。
歌缥缈，舻呕哑，酒如清露鲊如花。
逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家。

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Meaning

A poem of the fishing and the contentment, written by Lu You. Too lazy to learn the planting the melons at the Green Gate, only using the fishing and the angling to send off the years — the fishing of the opening. The pairs of the pairs of the new swallows flying on the spring banks, the pieces of the pieces of the light gulls alighting on the evening sands — the scenery of the middle. And the close's meeting the people asking the returning to where, laughing pointing at the boat this is the home — the close's contentment. The poem is the fishing and the contentment: the years, the scenery, and the close's home.

懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华。双双新燕飞春岸，片片轻鸥落晚沙。歌缥缈，舻呕哑，酒如清露鲊如花。逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] Too, lazy, to, learn, the, planting, the, melons, at, the, Green, Gate, only, using, the, fishing, and, the, angling, to, send, off, the, years. The, pairs, of, the, pairs, of, the, new, swallows, flying, on, the, spring, banks, the, pieces, of, the, pieces, of, the, light, gulls, alighting, on, the, evening, sands. The, songs, far, and, faint, the, oars, creaking, and, groaning, the, wine, like, the, clear, dew, the, salted, fish, like, the, flowers. Meeting, the, people, asking, the, returning, to, where, laughing, pointing, at, the, boat, this, is, the, home. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the fishing of the years with the laziness, through the scenery of the swallows with the gulls, to the close's the contentment of the boat. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the contentment: the songs far and faint the oars creaking and groaning, and the close's meeting the people asking the returning to where laughing pointing at the boat this is the home — the fishing gathered in the scenery and the close's home. [Emotional Tone] Easy, content, and carefree: the poem is the years, the scenery and the close's home.

【白话串讲】陆游写《鹧鸪天·懒向青门学种瓜》：“懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华”——“双双新燕飞春岸，片片轻鸥落晚沙”——“歌缥缈，舻呕哑，酒如清露鲊如花”——“逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家”——他说船儿就是家。【意象与手法】此词写渔父，以闲适写渔父，是陆游的名篇。上片写渔钓：「懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华。双双新燕飞春岸，片片轻鸥落晚沙」写懒向青门学种瓜、只将渔钓送年华——写尽渔钓的闲适；下片写归船：「歌缥缈，舻呕哑，酒如清露鲊如花。逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家」写歌缥缈、酒如清露鲊如花——写尽归船的闲适。全词以闲适写渔父，写尽渔钓的闲适与归船的闲适，是陆游的代表作。【情感与主旨】此词写渔父，以闲适写渔父，是陆游的名篇。此词写渔父的闲适生活。陆游一生志在恢复中原，然壮志难酬，晚年多写渔父、村居的闲适生活以自遣。此词写渔父懒学邵平种瓜（青门瓜），只以渔钓度日，看新燕飞、轻鸥落，饮酒食鲊，歌舻相和，逢人问归处则笑指渔船为家，正是闲适旷达的渔父形象。此词写渔钓：懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华——写懒向青门学种瓜、只将渔钓送年华，写尽渔钓的闲适；双双新燕飞春岸，片片轻鸥落晚沙——写双双新燕飞春岸、片片轻鸥落晚沙，写尽春岸的燕鸥；歌缥缈，舻呕哑，酒如清露鲊如花——写歌缥缈、舻呕哑、酒如清露鲊如花，写尽渔家的酒食；逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家——写逢人问道归何处、笑指船儿此是家，写尽归船的闲适。全词以闲适写渔父——那「只将渔钓送年华」写尽渔钓的闲适，「笑指船儿此是家」写尽归船的闲适，写尽渔钓的闲适与归船的闲适，是理解陆游渔父词的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华」写渔钓的闲适；「逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家」写归船的旷达；以及全词以闲适写渔父、以白描写闲适的手法。

Background

Lu You (1125-1210), the great poet of the Song, wrote this 'The, Partridge, in, the, Sky, the, Too, Lazy, to, Learn, the, Planting, the, Melons, at, the, Green, Gate' of the fishing and the contentment — the contentment of the fishing in the years of the retirement. The fishing of the years with the laziness, and the close's the contentment of the boat — the poem gathers the contentment of the poet, the ease of the retirement. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the idleness.

此词写渔父，以闲适写渔父，是陆游的名篇。陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋爱国诗人，存诗九千余首，兼工词。此词写渔父的闲适生活。陆游一生志在恢复中原，然壮志难酬，晚年多写渔父、村居的闲适生活以自遣。此词写渔父懒学邵平种瓜（青门瓜），只以渔钓度日，看新燕飞、轻鸥落，饮酒食鲊，歌舻相和，逢人问归处则笑指渔船为家，正是闲适旷达的渔父形象。此词写渔钓：「懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华」写懒向青门学种瓜、只将渔钓送年华——写尽渔钓的闲适（懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华）；「双双新燕飞春岸，片片轻鸥落晚沙」写双双新燕飞春岸、片片轻鸥落晚沙——写尽春岸的燕鸥（双双新燕飞春岸，片片轻鸥落晚沙）；「歌缥缈，舻呕哑，酒如清露鲊如花」写歌缥缈、舻呕哑、酒如清露鲊如花——写尽渔家的酒食（歌缥缈，舻呕哑，酒如清露鲊如花）；「逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家」写逢人问道归何处、笑指船儿此是家——写尽归船的闲适（逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家）。全词以闲适写渔父，写尽渔钓的闲适与归船的闲适，是理解陆游渔父词的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the contentment. The fishing opens: too, lazy, to, learn, the, planting, the, melons, at, the, Green, Gate — the planting the melons of the too lazy; only, using, the, fishing, and, the, angling, to, send, off, the, years — the fishing of the sending off the years; the, pairs, of, the, pairs, of, the, new, swallows, flying, on, the, spring, banks — the new swallows of the flying on the banks; the, pieces, of, the, pieces, of, the, light, gulls, alighting, on, the, evening, sands — the light gulls of the alighting on the sands; the, songs, far, and, faint — the songs of the far and faint; the, oars, creaking, and, groaning — the oars of the creaking; the, wine, like, the, clear, dew, the, salted, fish, like, the, flowers — the wine of the salted fish. And the close gathers the contentment: meeting, the, people, asking, the, returning, to, where — the asking of the returning to where; laughing, pointing, at, the, boat, this, is, the, home — the boat of the this is the home — the fishing, the scenery and the close's contentment, gathered in the poem.

此词的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以用典写不仕。「懒向青门学种瓜」以用典写不仕——那「青门种瓜」用邵平种瓜之典写不仕，以用典写尽渔钓的闲适。其二，以对仗写春景。「双双新燕飞春岸，片片轻鸥落晚沙」以对仗写春景——那「双双」「片片」写尽燕鸥的对偶，以对仗写尽春岸的闲适。其三，以叠字写声景。「歌缥缈，舻呕哑」以叠字写声景——那「缥缈」「呕哑」写尽歌声橹声，以叠字写尽渔家的闲适。其四，以问答写旷达。「逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家」以问答写旷达——那「笑指」写尽问答的旷达，以问答写尽归船的闲适。此外，此词上片写渔钓的闲适，下片写归船的闲适，由钓及归，正是渔父词「以乐写闲」的写法。四重手法，使此词以闲适写渔父，写尽渔钓的闲适与归船的闲适，是陆游的代表作。此词还善于以「双双新燕飞春岸，片片轻鸥落晚沙」的叠字对仗写春景——那「双双」「片片」写尽燕鸥的对偶，正是以叠字写景的工对，以对仗写尽春岸的闲适。又善以「歌缥缈，舻呕哑」的声响写渔家之乐——歌声橹声相和，正是渔家的和乐，以声响写尽归船的闲适。

Allusions

'The planting the melons at the Green Gate' (qing men zhong gua) is the planting the melons at the Green Gate — the planting of the melons, the too lazy of the opening — the allusion of the Shao Ping, the melons of the Green Gate of the Han; 'the boat' (chuan er) is the boat — the boat of the small, the home of the close.

此词的用语深植于渔父与闲适传统。「青门种瓜」典出《史记·萧相国世家》——邵平为秦东陵侯，秦亡后种瓜于长安青门外，瓜美世称「东陵瓜」，陆游以「懒向青门学种瓜」写懒学种瓜的不仕；「渔钓」令人想到「渔钓」写垂钓的意象——也令人想到「独钓寒江雪」（柳宗元）的意象；「新燕」令人想到「新燕」写新燕的意象——也令人想到「谁家新燕啄春泥」（白居易）的意象；「轻鸥」令人想到「轻鸥」写轻鸥的意象——也令人想到「白鸥盟」的意象；「清露」令人想到「清露」写清露的意象——也令人想到「蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜」的意象；「鲊」令人想到「鲊」写鱼鲊的意象——也令人想到「桃花流水鳜鱼肥」的意象。全词化用青门种瓜、渔钓、新燕、轻鸥、清露、鲊的意象典故，以闲适写渔父，正是陆游「清婉」而善用典、承渔父传统写闲适之本领。「清露」令人想到「清露」写酒清如露的意象——也令人想到李白《客中行》「兰陵美酒郁金香」的美酒意象；「鲊如花」令人想到「桃花流水鳜鱼肥」（张志和）的鱼鲜意象——也令人想到「莼羹鲈脍」的江南风味。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Lu You's poems of the idleness, quoted for the ease of its opening and the contentment of its close. The light gulls of the alighting on the sands, and the boat of the this is the home, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's contentment: the fishing gathered in the scenery, to the close's home.

此词历来被推为陆游渔父词的名篇，也是宋词写渔父闲适的代表。历代论者对此词评价极高：清人评此词「以闲适写渔父，旷达自然」；近人更指出「逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家」写归船的旷达，是此词的名句。在词史上，此词的特殊价值在于：它以五十五字的词写尽渔钓的闲适与归船的闲适——那青门，那种瓜，那渔钓，那年华，那新燕，那春岸，那轻鸥，那晚沙，那歌缥缈，那舻呕哑，那清露，那鲊如花，那逢人问道，那归何处，那笑指，那船儿，那此是家，都写尽了陆游笔下的鹧鸪天；那「笑指船儿此是家」更以问答写尽归船的旷达。此词与陆游《书愤》（「早岁那知世事艰」）同为陆游词的名篇，一写「铁马秋风大散关」的壮志（书愤），一写「只将渔钓送年华」的闲适（鹧鸪天）；又与张志和《渔歌子》「斜风细雨不须归」的渔父传统一脉相承，可见宋词写渔父的传统。对于今日读者，此词是理解陆游闲适词的窗口，也是宋词写渔父的经典——那笑指船儿为家的渔父，穿越千年，仍在诉说着闲适的旷达。

Prosody

Form A ci of the fishing (zhe gu tian)词·鹧鸪天

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the ci that carries the carefree contentment.词牌鹧鸪天，押「瓜」「华」「沙」「哑」「花」「家」等韵，平韵一韵到底

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the contentment: the level opening with the fishing, the turning with the scenery, and the close's fall with the home.此词为鹧鸪天，平韵一韵到底，音节明快，正合闲适的明快。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its ease: the cadences of the ci, and the close — 'xiao zhi chuan er ci shi jia' — falls with the home, the sound of the contentment of the fishing poet.此词为《鹧鸪天》词牌，上片四句——「懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华。双双新燕飞春岸，片片轻鸥落晚沙」，下片五句——「歌缥缈，舻呕哑，酒如清露鲊如花。逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家」，押平韵（瓜、华、沙、哑、花、家），一韵到底，音节明快。全词以闲适写渔父：上片写渔钓的闲适（懒向青门学种瓜、片片轻鸥落晚沙），下片写归船的闲适（歌缥缈、笑指船儿此是家）。词体短章，前写渔钓，后写归船，以「笑指船儿此是家」写尽归船的旷达，正见陆游「清婉」的本色。诵读此词，宜以明快的语调读「只将渔钓送年华」的闲适，以旷达的语调读「笑指船儿此是家」的为家，结句要读得明快而有余韵，方能传达出陆游的旷达自然。陆游词以「清婉」著称，此词正是其渔父词的典范。

Line by line

逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家

When I meet someone asking where I go home, I smile and point to the boat: this is my home.

逢人问道归何处，笑指船儿此是家。

When people ask where I make my home, I smile and point to the boat: here is my home.

此二句是全词写旷达的核心，以逢人问道归何处写问道，以笑指船儿此是家写笑指，写尽归船的旷达，是千古名句。「逢人问道归何处」写逢人问道归何处——那「逢人问道」写逢人问道，「归何处」写归何处，写尽问处的问道；「笑指船儿此是家」写笑指船儿此是家——那「笑指船儿」写笑指船儿，「此是家」写此是家，写尽船儿的为家。这句的深意在于：它以「逢人问道归何处」的道问与「笑指船儿此是家」的笑指，写尽归船的旷达——逢人问道归何处，那「逢人问道归何处」写尽问处的问道——逢人问道，正是有人相问的写照，那「归何处」写尽渔父的闲适；笑指船儿此是家，那「笑指船儿此是家」写尽船儿的为家——笑指船儿，正是以船为家的写照，那「此是家」写尽归船的旷达；那「逢人问道归何处」写尽问处的问道，那「笑指船儿此是家」写尽船儿的为家，一写问道，一写笑指，写尽归船的旷达——逢人问归而笑指船家，正是以舟为家的写照；此二句以问道、笑指写尽归船的旷达，也让此二句成为全词写旷达的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「有人问我住哪里，我说就住在船上」，则失其神态；唯以「逢人问道归何处」写问道、「笑指船儿此是家」写笑指，写尽归船的旷达，也让此二句成为全词写旷达的核心。

These two lines are the core of the ci's broad-minded ease, 'when I meet someone asking where I go home' the asking, 'I smile and point to the boat: this is my home' the smiling point, writing the homeward boat's ease, a famous line. 'When I meet someone asking where I go home' - someone meeting and asking, the fisherman's leisure; 'I smile and point to the boat: this is my home' - smiling to the boat, taking the boat as home, the 'this is home' writing the broad ease. Meeting a questioner and smiling to point to the boat, the portrait of one dwelling on the waters; one line the asking, one the smiling point, the ease complete. If one said plainly 'someone asked where I lived and I said on the boat,' the mien would be lost; only meeting the question and smiling to point to the boat hold the freedom.

懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华

Too lazy to learn, by the Green Gate, to plant melons; I only use fishing to while away the years.

懒向青门学种瓜，只将渔钓送年华。

Too lazy to follow the Green Gate men in planting melons, I spend my years only in fishing and angling.

此二句是全词写渔钓的核心，以懒向青门学种瓜写种瓜，以只将渔钓送年华写渔钓，写尽渔钓的闲适，是千古名句。「懒向青门学种瓜」写懒向青门学种瓜——那「懒向青门」写懒向青门，「学种瓜」写学种瓜，写尽种瓜的懒学；「只将渔钓送年华」写只将渔钓送年华——那「只将渔钓」写只将渔钓，「送年华」写送年华，写尽渔钓的度年。这句的深意在于：它以「懒向青门学种瓜」的种瓜与「只将渔钓送年华」的渔钓，写尽渔钓的闲适——懒向青门学种瓜，那「懒向青门学种瓜」写尽种瓜的懒学——懒向青门，正是懒于种瓜的写照，那「学种瓜」写尽渔钓的闲适；只将渔钓送年华，那「只将渔钓送年华」写尽渔钓的度年——只将渔钓，正是唯以垂钓度日的写照，那「送年华」写尽渔钓的闲适；那「懒向青门学种瓜」写尽种瓜的懒学，那「只将渔钓送年华」写尽渔钓的度年，一写懒学，一写渔钓，写尽渔钓的闲适——懒学种瓜而唯事渔钓，正是闲适渔父的写照；此二句以种瓜、渔钓写尽渔钓的闲适，也为下文的燕鸥作铺垫，也让此二句成为全词写渔钓的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「我不种地，就天天钓鱼」，则失其雅趣；唯以「懒向青门学种瓜」写种瓜、「只将渔钓送年华」写渔钓，写尽渔钓的闲适，也让此二句成为全词写渔钓的核心。

These two lines are the core of the ci's fishing, 'too lazy to learn, by the Green Gate, to plant melons' the melon-growing, 'I only use fishing to while away the years' the fishing, writing the fisherman's ease, a famous line. 'Too lazy to learn, by the Green Gate, to plant melons' - too lazy to learn melon-growing (allusion to the Five Lords of the Green Gate, the early Han hermits who grew melon east of the Green Gate), the 'lazy learning' writing the fisherman's leisure; 'I only use fishing to while away the years' - only angling to pass the years, the 'while away the years' writing the fisherman's days. Too lazy to grow melons and given only to fishing, the easy fisherman's portrait; one line the lazy learning, one the fishing, the leisure complete. If one said plainly 'I don't farm, I just fish every day,' the grace would be lost; only the lazy turning from melon-planting and the years spent in angling hold the charm.

Study

Word focus

懒 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「懒向青门学种瓜」之「懒」字是写不仕的关键词，一个「懒」字写尽懒学的闲适。懒者，慵懒、无意也。陆游以「懒向青门学种瓜」写不仕，这个「懒」字至少有双重意味：其一，写学之懒——那「懒向青门学种瓜」写懒向青门学种瓜，那「懒」字写尽种瓜的懒学——懒向青门，正是无意种瓜的写照，那「懒」字写尽渔钓的闲适；其二，写志之淡——那「懒」字更是写淡——懒，正见无意仕进的淡泊，那「懒」字写尽闲居的旷达。以「懒」字写不仕，正是陆游写渔父的枢纽——若换作「不」「倦」等字，则或失其与「向青门学种瓜」「只将渔钓送年华」的配合，或失其写懒的意味；唯「懒」字，以懒向青门学种瓜写尽种瓜之懒学与仕进之无意，与「只将渔钓送年华」的渔钓相合，写尽渔钓的闲适，也让「懒向青门学种瓜」成为全词写不仕的名句。

笑 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「笑指船儿此是家」之「笑」字是写旷达的关键词，一个「笑」字写尽笑指的旷达。笑者，含笑、欣然也。陆游以「笑指船儿此是家」写旷达，这个「笑」字至少有双重意味：其一，写指之笑——那「笑指船儿此是家」写笑指船儿此是家，那「笑」字写尽笑指的旷达——笑指船儿，正是含笑指舟的写照，那「笑」字写尽归船的旷达；其二，写心之乐——那「笑」字更是写乐——笑，正见以舟为家的欣然，那「笑」字写尽闲适的旷达。以「笑」字写旷达，正是陆游写渔父的枢纽——若换作「遥」「轻」等字，则或失其与「指船儿」「此是家」的配合，或失其写笑的意味；唯「笑」字，以笑指船儿此是家写尽指舟之含笑与为家之欣然，与「逢人问道归何处」的归何处相合，写尽归船的旷达，也让「笑指船儿此是家」成为全词写旷达的名句。