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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

鹧鸪天·东阳道中

The, Partridge, in, the, Sky, the, On, the, Road, of, the, Dong, the, Yang

辛弃疾

Xin Qiji

行旅Theme 春景spring

扑面征尘去路遥，香篝渐觉水沉销。
山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇。
人历历，马萧萧，旌旗又过小红桥。
愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢。

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Meaning

A poem of the journey and the longing, written by Xin Qiji. The dust of the journey facing the face the road far, the incense basket gradually feeling the sinking of the agarwood consumed — the journey of the opening. The mountains without the counting of the folds all around green, the flowers not knowing the names the more the pretty beyond the measure — the scenery of the middle. And the close's beside the sorrow only remaining the lines of the longing, the breaking off the chanting whip the tip of the green jade — the close's longing. The poem is the journey and the longing: the road, the scenery, and the close's longing.

扑面征尘去路遥，香篝渐觉水沉销。山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇。人历历，马萧萧，旌旗又过小红桥。愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, dust, of, the, journey, facing, the, face, the, road, far, the, incense, basket, gradually, feeling, the, sinking, of, the, agarwood, consumed. The, mountains, without, the, counting, of, the, folds, all, around, green, the, flowers, not, knowing, the, names, the, more, the, pretty, beyond, the, measure. The, men, in, the, clear, view, the, horses, neighing, the, banners, and, the, flags, again, passing, the, little, red, bridge. Beside, the, sorrow, only, remaining, the, lines, of, the, longing, the, breaking, off, the, chanting, whip, the, tip, of, the, green, jade. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the journey of the dust with the agarwood, through the scenery of the mountains with the flowers, to the close's the longing of the chanting whip. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the longing: the men in the clear view the horses neighing, and the close's beside the sorrow only remaining the lines of the longing the breaking off the chanting whip the tip of the green jade — the journey gathered in the scenery and the close's longing. [Emotional Tone] Far, pretty, and longing: the poem is the road, the flowers and the close's longing.

【白话串讲】辛弃疾写《鹧鸪天·东阳道中》：“扑面征尘去路遥，香篝渐觉水沉销”——“山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇”——“人历历，马萧萧，旌旗又过小红桥”——“愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢”——他写东阳道中。【意象与手法】此词写行旅，以行旅写相思，是辛弃疾的名篇。上片写行旅：「扑面征尘去路遥，香篝渐觉水沉销。山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇」写扑面征尘去路遥、山无重数周遭碧、花不知名分外娇——写尽行旅的征尘与山花；下片写相思：「人历历，马萧萧，旌旗又过小红桥。愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」写愁边剩有相思句、摇断吟鞭碧玉梢——写尽行旅的相思。全词以行旅写相思，写尽行旅的征尘与行旅的相思，是辛弃疾的代表作。【情感与主旨】此词写行旅，以行旅写相思，是辛弃疾的名篇。此词写辛弃疾东阳道中的行旅所见与相思之情。辛弃疾在福建、江西等地任职，往来行役，途中见山碧花娇、人马旌旗，而相思萦怀。此词写行旅：扑面征尘去路遥，香篝渐觉水沉销——写扑面征尘去路遥、香篝渐觉水沉销，写尽行旅的征尘；山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇——写山无重数周遭碧、花不知名分外娇，写尽行旅的山花；人历历，马萧萧，旌旗又过小红桥——写人历历、马萧萧、旌旗又过小红桥，写尽行旅的队列；愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢——写愁边剩有相思句、摇断吟鞭碧玉梢，写尽行旅的相思。全词以行旅写相思——那「扑面征尘」写尽行旅的征尘，「摇断吟鞭」写尽行旅的相思，写尽行旅的征尘与行旅的相思，是理解辛弃疾行旅词的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇」写行旅的山花；「愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」写行旅的相思；以及全词以行旅写相思、以景衬情的手法。

Background

Xin Qiji (1140-1207), the great poet of the Song, wrote this 'The, Partridge, in, the, Sky, the, On, the, Road, of, the, Dong, the, Yang' of the journey and the longing — the longing of the journey in the passing through the Dong the Yang. The journey of the dust with the agarwood, and the close's the longing of the chanting whip — the poem gathers the longing of the poet, the beauty of the journey. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the journey.

此词写行旅，以行旅写相思，是辛弃疾的名篇。辛弃疾（1140—1207），字幼安，号稼轩，历城（今山东济南）人，南宋词人，与苏轼并称「苏辛」，为豪放词派代表。此词写辛弃疾东阳道中的行旅所见与相思之情。辛弃疾南归后长期担任地方官职，往来行役，途中见山碧花娇、人马旌旗，而相思萦怀，故有此作。此词写行旅：「扑面征尘去路遥，香篝渐觉水沉销」写扑面征尘去路遥、香篝渐觉水沉销——写尽行旅的征尘（扑面征尘去路遥，香篝渐觉水沉销）；「山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇」写山无重数周遭碧、花不知名分外娇——写尽行旅的山花（山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇）；「愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」写愁边剩有相思句、摇断吟鞭碧玉梢——写尽行旅的相思（愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢）。全词以行旅写相思，写尽行旅的征尘与行旅的相思，是理解辛弃疾行旅词的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the longing. The journey opens: the, dust, of, the, journey, facing, the, face, the, road, far — the dust of the journey of the road far; the, incense, basket, gradually, feeling, the, sinking, of, the, agarwood, consumed — the incense basket of the agarwood consumed; the, mountains, without, the, counting, of, the, folds, all, around, green — the mountains of the all around green; the, flowers, not, knowing, the, names, the, more, the, pretty, beyond, the, measure — the flowers of the pretty beyond the measure; the, men, in, the, clear, view, the, horses, neighing — the men of the horses neighing; the, banners, and, the, flags, again, passing, the, little, red, bridge — the banners of the little red bridge. And the close gathers the longing: beside, the, sorrow, only, remaining, the, lines, of, the, longing — the lines of the longing; the, breaking, off, the, chanting, whip, the, tip, of, the, green, jade — the chanting whip of the tip of the green jade — the journey, the scenery and the close's longing, gathered in the poem.

此词的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以白描写征尘。「扑面征尘去路遥」以白描写征尘——那「扑面」「去路遥」写尽尘扑路遥，以白描写尽行旅的征尘。其二，以铺陈写山花。「山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇」以铺陈写山花——那「山无重数」「花不知名」写尽山的层叠与花的无名，以铺陈写尽行旅的山花。其三，以声写队列。「马萧萧」以声写队列——那「萧萧」写尽马嘶，以声写尽行旅的队列。其四，以动作写相思。「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」以动作写相思——那「摇断吟鞭」写尽摇鞭的动作，以动作写尽行旅的相思。此外，此词上片写行旅的征尘山花，下片写行旅的相思，由景入情，正是行旅词「即景抒情」的写法。四重手法，使此词以行旅写相思，写尽行旅的征尘与行旅的相思，是辛弃疾的代表作。此词还善于以景衬情——那「山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇」写尽满眼的美景，而越写美景，越见征途的相思难遣；美景在前而相思萦怀，正见以乐景写哀情之妙。又善以声写行，那「马萧萧」三字以马嘶之声写行旅之壮，声色相兼，使行旅的画面如在目前。

Allusions

'The agarwood' (shui chen) is the agarwood — the incense of the water, the consumed of the opening; 'the tip of the green jade' (bi yu shao) is the tip of the green jade — the tip of the jade, the breaking of the close.

此词的用语深植于行旅与相思的传统。「征尘」令人想到「征尘」写行旅的意象——也令人想到「扑面征尘去路遥」的意象；「香篝」令人想到「香篝」写熏笼的意象——香篝为熏香的竹笼，水沉即沉香，也令人想到「香冷金猊」的意象；「小红桥」令人想到「小红桥」写桥的意象——也令人想到「二十四桥明月夜」（杜牧）的意象；「相思句」令人想到「相思句」写相思的意象——也令人想到「相思相见知何日」（李白）的意象；「吟鞭」令人想到「吟鞭」写马鞭的意象——也令人想到「吟鞭东指即天涯」（龚自珍）的意象。全词化用征尘、香篝、小红桥、吟鞭的意象，以行旅写相思，正是辛弃疾「豪放」而善写景、承行旅传统写相思的本领。「水沉」即沉香，为熏香名贵之品，「香篝渐觉水沉销」写熏笼中的沉香渐燃将尽，暗写行旅日久的孤寂。又「旌旗」令人想到行军之旗，也令人想到「旌旗蔽空」的意象；「小红桥」则令人想到江南水乡的桥，杜牧「二十四桥明月夜」、姜夔「念桥边红药」皆写桥，以小红桥写行旅所过之地，正见南宋词写景的细腻。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Xin Qiji's poems of the journey, quoted for the beauty of its opening and the depth of its close. The mountains of the all around green, and the tip of the green jade, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's longing: the journey gathered in the scenery, to the close's break.

此词历来被推为辛弃疾行旅词的名篇，也是南宋词写行旅相思的代表。历代论者对此词评价极高：清人评此词「以行旅写相思，清新俊逸」；近人更指出「山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇」写行旅的山花，是此词的名句。在词史上，此词的特殊价值在于：它以双调的鹧鸪天写尽行旅的征尘与行旅的相思——那扑面征尘，那香篝，那水沉，那重山，那碧色，那不知名的花，那历历的人，那萧萧的马，那小红桥，那相思句，那碧玉梢，都写尽了辛弃疾笔下的东阳道中；那「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」更以动作写尽行旅的相思。此词与辛弃疾《西江月·夜行黄沙道中》（「明月别枝惊鹊」）同为行旅名篇，一写「听取蛙声一片」的夏夜（西江月），一写「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」的征途（鹧鸪天）；又与李清照「花自飘零水自流」的相思传统一脉相承，可见宋词写行旅相思的传统。对于今日读者，此词是理解辛弃疾行旅词的窗口，也是中国词写行旅的经典——那摇断的碧玉梢，穿越千年，仍在诉说着征途的相思。

Prosody

Form A ci of the journey (zhe gu tian)词·鹧鸪天

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the ci that carries the far longing.押「遥」「销」「娇」「桥」「梢」韵（下平二萧），一韵到底，音节流利

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the longing: the level opening with the journey, the turning with the scenery, and the close's fall with the jade.此词为鹧鸪天词牌，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节流利，正合行旅的流利。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its longing: the cadences of the ci, and the close — 'yao duan yin bian bi yu shao' — falls with the jade, the sound of the longing of the journey poet.此词为《鹧鸪天》双调，上片四句、下片五句，共五十五字——「扑面征尘去路遥，香篝渐觉水沉销。山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇。人历历，马萧萧，旌旗又过小红桥。愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」，押「萧」韵（遥、销、娇、桥、梢），一韵到底，音节流利。全词以行旅写相思：上片写行旅的征尘山花（扑面征尘去路遥、山无重数周遭碧），下片写行旅的相思（人历历马萧萧、摇断吟鞭碧玉梢）。双调短章，上写征尘，下写相思，以「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」写尽行旅的相思，正见辛弃疾「豪放」而能婉约的本色。诵读此词，宜以流利的语调读「扑面征尘去路遥」的行旅，以低回的语调读「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」的相思，结句要读得流利而有余韵，方能传达出辛弃疾的清新俊逸。辛弃疾词以「豪放」著称，此词正是其行旅词的典范。

Line by line

愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢

Beside my grief, only verses of longing remain; I shake the jade tip of my chanting whip until it breaks.

愁边剩有相思句，摇断吟鞭碧玉梢。

Beside my sorrow, nothing remains but verses of longing; I have shaken the jade tip of my singing whip till it snaps.

此二句是全词写相思的核心，以愁边剩有相思句写愁，以摇断吟鞭碧玉梢写鞭，写尽行旅的相思，是千古名句。「愁边剩有相思句」写愁边剩有相思句——那「愁边」写愁边，「相思句」写相思句，写尽愁边的诗句；「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」写摇断吟鞭碧玉梢——那「摇断吟鞭」写摇断吟鞭，「碧玉梢」写碧玉梢，写尽摇鞭的动作。这句的深意在于：它以「愁边剩有相思句」的愁与「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」的鞭，写尽行旅的相思——愁边剩有相思句，那「愁边剩有相思句」写尽愁边的诗句——愁边只剩相思句，正是相思难遣的写照，那「相思句」写尽行旅的相思；摇断吟鞭碧玉梢，那「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」写尽摇鞭的动作——摇断吟鞭，正是急于归程的写照，那「摇断」写尽行旅的急切；那「愁边剩有相思句」写尽愁边的诗句，那「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」写尽摇鞭的动作，一写愁，一写鞭，写尽行旅的相思——愁在句里而鞭催人归，正是征途的相思；此二句以愁、鞭写尽行旅的相思，也让此二句成为全词写相思的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「我很想家」，则失其含蓄；唯以「愁边剩有相思句」写愁、「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」写鞭，写尽行旅的相思，也让此二句成为全词写相思的核心。

These two lines are the core of the ci's longing on the road, 'beside my grief, only verses of longing remain' the grief, 'I shake the jade tip of my chanting whip until it breaks' the whip, writing the traveler's longing, a famous line. 'Beside my grief, only verses of longing remain' - beside the grief only the verses of longing, the longing unassuaged; 'I shake the jade tip of my chanting whip until it breaks' - shaking the chanting whip till it snaps, the eagerness for the homeward road, the 'shake until it breaks' writing the traveler's haste. Grief in the verses and the whip urging the return, the longing on the march; one line the grief, one the whip, the yearning complete. If one said plainly 'I miss home,' the reserve would be lost; only the verses of longing beside the grief and the broken whip-tip hold the homesickness.

山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇

Range upon range of mountains, all around, green; flowers of no name, beyond all words, charming.

山无重数周遭碧，花不知名分外娇。

Hill beyond hill, all around is green; flowers whose names I do not know are unusually lovely.

此二句是全词写山花的核心，以山无重数周遭碧写山，以花不知名分外娇写花，写尽行旅的山花，是千古名句。「山无重数周遭碧」写山无重数周遭碧——那「山无重数」写山无重数，「周遭碧」写周遭碧，写尽山的层叠碧色；「花不知名分外娇」写花不知名分外娇——那「花不知名」写花不知名，「分外娇」写分外娇，写尽花的无名娇艳。这句的深意在于：它以「山无重数周遭碧」的山与「花不知名分外娇」的花，写尽行旅的山花——山无重数周遭碧，那「山无重数周遭碧」写尽山的层叠碧色——重重叠叠的山，四面皆碧，正是行旅途中的写照，那「周遭碧」写尽山的满眼碧色；花不知名分外娇，那「花不知名分外娇」写尽花的无名娇艳——不知名的野花，分外娇艳，正是山行偶遇的写照，那「分外娇」写尽野花的娇艳；那「山无重数周遭碧」写尽山的层叠碧色，那「花不知名分外娇」写尽花的无名娇艳，一写山，一写花，写尽行旅的山花——满眼碧山与无名野花，正是征途中的美景；此二句以山、花写尽行旅的山花，也为下片的相思作反衬，也让此二句成为全词写山花的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「山很绿花很美」，则失其工丽；唯以「山无重数周遭碧」写山、「花不知名分外娇」写花，写尽行旅的山花，也让此二句成为全词写山花的核心。

These two lines are the core of the ci's mountain flowers, 'range upon range of mountains, all around, green' the mountains, 'flowers of no name, beyond all words, charming' the flowers, writing the traveler's mountain flowers, a famous line. 'Range upon range of mountains, all around, green' - tier on tier of hills, green on every side, the scene on the road; 'flowers of no name, beyond all words, charming' - unnamed wild flowers, unusually charming, the chance encounter on the mountain way. The green hills filling the eye and the nameless wildflowers, the fair sights on the march, set as foil to the longing below; one line the mountains, one the flowers, the scene complete. If one said plainly 'the hills are green and the flowers are beautiful,' the crafted beauty would be lost; only the range on range of green hills and the nameless flowers' unusual charm hold the grace.

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无重数 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「山无重数周遭碧」之「无重数」是写山的量词，一个「无重数」写尽山的层叠。无重数者，重重叠叠、数不清也。辛弃疾以「山无重数周遭碧」写山，这个「无重数」至少有双重意味：其一，写山之叠——那「山无重数周遭碧」写山无重数周遭碧，那「无重数」写尽山的层叠——重重叠叠，数不清，正是群山连绵的写照，那「无重数」写尽山的层叠；其二，写征途之遥——那「无重数」更是写遥——山无重数，正见去路之遥，那「无重数」写尽行旅的遥遥。以「无重数」写山，正是辛弃疾写行旅的枢纽——若换作「千万」「无数」等词，则或失其与「周遭碧」的配合，或失其写无重数的意味；唯「无重数」三字，以山无重数周遭碧写尽山的层叠与征途的遥遥，与「花不知名分外娇」的花相合，写尽行旅的山花，也让「山无重数周遭碧」成为全词写山的名句。

摇 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」之「摇」字是写相思的关键词，一个「摇」字写尽行旅的急切。摇者，摇动、挥动也。辛弃疾以「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」写相思，这个「摇」字至少有双重意味：其一，写鞭之挥——那「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」写摇断吟鞭碧玉梢，那「摇」字写尽马鞭的挥动——摇动吟鞭，正是催马疾行的写照，那「摇」字写尽行旅的急切；其二，写思之切——那「摇」字更是写切——摇断，正见相思之切，那「摇」字写尽行旅的相思。以「摇」字写相思，正是辛弃疾写行旅的枢纽——若换作「挥」「扬」等字，则或失其与「断」「吟鞭」的配合，或失其写摇的意味；唯「摇」字，以摇断吟鞭碧玉梢写尽马鞭的挥动与相思的迫切，与「愁边剩有相思句」的愁边相合，写尽行旅的相思，也让「摇断吟鞭碧玉梢」成为全词写相思的名句。