All poems

唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

赠刘司户蕡

The, Presented, to, the, Secretary, of, the, Justice, of, the, Liu, the, Fen

李商隐

Li Shangyin

怀友friendship / memory 感慨Theme

江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏。
已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂。
汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻。
万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门。

Listen

Meaning

A poem of the exile and the meeting, written by Li Shangyin. The river wind raising the waves moving the roots of the clouds, the heavy anchors the lofty masts the white sun dim — the scene of the opening. Already broken the first rising power of the wild geese of the Yan, the more startled the returning souls of the poets after the exile — the exile of the middle. The urgent summons of the Han court who first enters, the road of the Chu the loud songs of their own selves wishing to turn — the hope of the middle. And the close's the ten thousand li the meeting the joy again the tears, the nests of the phoenix the west separated by the nine fold gates — the close's tears. The poem is the exile and the meeting: the waves, the hope, and the close's tears.

江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏。已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂。汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻。万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, river, wind, raising, the, waves, moving, the, roots, of, the, clouds, the, heavy, anchors, the, lofty, masts, the, white, sun, dim. Already, broken, the, first, rising, power, of, the, wild, geese, of, the, Yan, the, more, startled, the, returning, souls, of, the, poets, after, the, exile. The, urgent, summons, of, the, Han, court, who, first, enters, the, road, of, the, Chu, the, loud, songs, of, their, own, selves, wishing, to, turn. The, ten, thousand, li, the, meeting, the, joy, again, the, tears, the, nests, of, the, phoenix, the, west, separated, by, the, nine, fold, gates. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the scene of the waves with the dim sun, through the exile of the broken power with the hope of the summons, to the close's the tears of the nine fold gates. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the tears: the urgent summons of the Han court who first enters, and the close's the ten thousand li the meeting the joy again the tears the nests of the phoenix the west separated by the nine fold gates — the exile gathered in the hope and the close's tears. [Emotional Tone] Disturbed, hopeful, and sorrowful: the poem is the waves, the summons and the close's tears.

【白话串讲】李商隐写《赠刘司户蕡》：“江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏”——“已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂”——“汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻”——“万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门”——他写刘蕡的贬谪。【意象与手法】此诗写感慨，以送别写感慨，是李商隐的名篇。前四句写江风：「江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏。已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂」写江风扬浪动云根、重碇危樯白日昏——写尽扬浪的江风；后四句写相逢：「汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻。万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门」写汉廷急诏谁先入、楚路高歌自欲翻——写尽高歌的楚路。全诗以送别写感慨，写尽扬浪的江风与高歌的楚路，是李商隐的代表作。【情感与主旨】此诗写感慨，以送别写感慨，是李商隐的名篇。此诗为李商隐赠刘蕡而作，写其与刘蕡万里相逢的感慨。刘蕡因直言被贬，李商隐与之交厚，此诗写其悲愤与同情。此诗写江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏；已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂；汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻；万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门。此诗写江风：江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏——写江风扬浪动云根、重碇危樯白日昏，写尽扬浪的江风；已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂——写已断燕鸿初起势、更惊骚客后归魂，写尽燕鸿的初起势；汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻——写汉廷急诏谁先入、楚路高歌自欲翻，写尽高歌的楚路；万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门——写万里相逢欢复泣、凤巢西隔九重门，写尽西隔的凤巢。全诗以送别写感慨——那「江风扬浪动云根」写尽扬浪的江风，「凤巢西隔九重门」写尽西隔的凤巢，写尽扬浪的江风与高歌的楚路，是理解李商隐感慨诗的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏」写扬浪的江风；「已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂」写燕鸿的初起势；以及全诗以送别写感慨、以用典写悲愤的手法。

Background

Li Shangyin (c. 813-858), the poet of the Tang, wrote this 'The, Presented, to, the, Secretary, of, the, Justice, of, the, Liu, the, Fen' of the exile and the meeting — the meeting of the exiled with the friend in the Jiang. The scene of the waves, the exile of the broken power, and the close's the tears of the nine fold gates — the poem gathers the sorrow of the poet, the pity of the exile. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the friendship.

此诗写感慨，以送别写感慨，是李商隐的名篇。李商隐（约813—约858），字义山，号玉谿生，又号樊南生，怀州河内（今河南沁阳）人，晚唐著名诗人，与杜牧并称「小李杜」，与温庭筠并称「温李」。此诗为李商隐赠刘蕡而作，写其与刘蕡万里相逢的感慨。刘蕡因直言被贬，李商隐与之交厚，此诗写其悲愤与同情。此诗写江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏；已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂；汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻；万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门。此诗写江风：「江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏」写江风扬浪动云根、重碇危樯白日昏——写尽扬浪的江风（江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏）；「已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂」写已断燕鸿初起势、更惊骚客后归魂——写尽燕鸿的初起势（已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂）；「汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻」写汉廷急诏谁先入、楚路高歌自欲翻——写尽高歌的楚路（汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻）；「万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门」写万里相逢欢复泣、凤巢西隔九重门——写尽西隔的凤巢（万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门）。全诗以送别写感慨，写尽扬浪的江风与高歌的楚路，是理解李商隐感慨诗的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the tears. The scene opens: the, river, wind, raising, the, waves, moving, the, roots, of, the, clouds — the river wind of the moving the roots of the clouds; the, heavy, anchors, the, lofty, masts, the, white, sun, dim — the heavy anchors of the white sun dim. The exile follows: already, broken, the, first, rising, power, of, the, wild, geese, of, the, Yan — the wild geese of the broken power; the, more, startled, the, returning, souls, of, the, poets, after, the, exile — the returning souls of the startled; the, urgent, summons, of, the, Han, court, who, first, enters — the summons of the Han court; the, road, of, the, Chu, the, loud, songs, of, their, own, selves, wishing, to, turn — the loud songs of the road of the Chu. And the close gathers the tears: the, ten, thousand, li, the, meeting, the, joy, again, the, tears — the joy of the meeting the tears; the, nests, of, the, phoenix, the, west, separated, by, the, nine, fold, gates — the nests of the phoenix of the nine fold gates — the scene, the hope and the close's tears, gathered in the poem.

此诗的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以写景写悲愤。「江风扬浪动云根」以写景写悲愤——那「重碇危樯白日昏」写尽白日昏的危樯，以写景写尽扬浪的江风。其二，以比喻写身世。「已断燕鸿初起势」以比喻写身世——那「更惊骚客后归魂」写尽骚客的后归魂，以比喻写尽燕鸿的初起势。其三，以用典写忠直。「汉廷急诏谁先入」以用典写忠直——那「汉廷急诏」用贾谊召还典写忠直，以用典写尽高歌的楚路。其四，以对照写相逢。「万里相逢欢复泣」以对照写相逢——那「凤巢西隔九重门」写尽西隔的凤巢，以对照写尽西隔的凤巢。此外，此诗前四句写扬浪的江风，后四句写高歌的楚路，由景及情，正是感慨诗「以风写慨」的写法。四重手法，使此诗以送别写感慨，写尽扬浪的江风与高歌的楚路，是李商隐的代表作。此诗还善于以「汉廷急诏谁先入」的「急诏」写汉廷之急诏——那「汉廷急诏」写尽汉廷的急诏，正是以急写诏，以「谁先入」写尽高歌的楚路。又善以「楚路高歌自欲翻」的「高歌」写楚路之高歌——楚路高歌自欲翻，正见楚狂高歌的写照，以「高歌」写尽李商隐的悲愤。

Allusions

'The wild geese of the Yan' (yan hong) are the wild geese of the Yan — the geese of the Yan, the broken power of the middle; 'the urgent summons of the Han court' (han ting ji zhao) is the urgent summons of the Han court — the summons of the Han, the entering of the middle; 'the nests of the phoenix' (feng chao) are the nests of the phoenix — the nests of the phoenix, the gates of the close; 'the nine fold gates' (jiu chong men) are the nine fold gates — the gates of the nine folds, the separation of the close.

此诗的用语深植于感慨与送别传统。「云根」令人想到「云根」写云起之处的意象——也令人想到「云根石」的意象；「危樯」令人想到「危樯」写高樯的意象——也令人想到「危樯独夜舟」（杜甫）的意象；「燕鸿」令人想到「燕鸿」写燕地鸿雁的意象——燕地之鸿，也令人想到「燕鸿南北」的意象；「骚客」令人想到「骚客」写诗人的意象——屈原《离骚》，也令人想到「骚人墨客」的意象；「汉廷急诏」令人想到「汉廷急诏」写汉廷急诏的意象——贾谊贬长沙后汉文帝召还，也令人想到「宣室求贤访逐臣」（李商隐）的意象；「楚路高歌」令人想到「楚路高歌」写楚地高歌的意象——《论语》楚狂接舆，也令人想到「凤歌笑孔丘」（李白）的意象。全诗化用云根、危樯、燕鸿、骚客、汉廷急诏、楚路高歌的意象典故，以送别写感慨，正是李商隐「深婉」而善用典、承感慨传统写送别之本领。「云根」令人想到「云根」写云起之处的意象——也令人想到「云根石」的意象；「燕鸿」令人想到「燕鸿」写燕地鸿雁的意象——也令人想到「燕鸿南北」的意象，以燕鸿写身世。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Li Shangyin's poems of the friendship, quoted for the disturbance of its opening and the sorrow of its close. The wild geese of the broken power, and the nests of the phoenix of the nine fold gates, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's pity: the exile gathered in the hope, to the close's tears.

此诗历来被推为李商隐感慨诗的名篇，也是唐诗写刘蕡忠直的代表。历代论者对此诗评价极高：清人评此诗「以送别写感慨，悲愤沉郁」；近人更指出「万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门」写西隔的凤巢，是此诗的名句。在诗歌史上，此诗的特殊价值在于：它以八句的七律写尽扬浪的江风与高歌的楚路——那江风，那扬浪，那动云根，那重碇，那危樯，那白日昏，那已断，那燕鸿，那初起势，那更惊，那骚客，那后归魂，那汉廷，那急诏，那谁先入，那楚路，那高歌，那自欲翻，那万里相逢，那欢复泣，那凤巢，那西隔，那九重门，都写尽了李商隐笔下的赠刘司户蕡；那「凤巢西隔九重门」更以对照写尽西隔的凤巢。此诗与李商隐《安定城楼》「贾生年少虚垂泪」同为悲愤名篇，一写「不知腐鼠成滋味」的登楼（安定城楼），一写「万里相逢欢复泣」的赠刘（赠刘司户蕡）；一写自伤，一写赠人。两诗对读，可见李商隐悲愤诗的两种境界。对于今日读者，此诗是理解李商隐感慨诗的窗口，也是唐诗写刘蕡忠直的经典——那西隔的凤巢，穿越千年，仍在诉说着万里相逢的欢复泣。

Prosody

Form A regulated poem of the friendship (qi yan lü shi)诗·七言律诗

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the regulated poem that carries the sorrowful pity.七律，押「昏」「魂」「翻」「门」韵（上平十三元），一韵到底，音节沉郁

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the tears: the level opening with the scene, the turning with the exile, and the close's fall with the gates.此诗为七言律诗，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节沉郁，正合感慨的沉郁。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its sorrow: the cadences of the regulated poem, and the close — 'feng chao xi ge jiu chong men' — falls with the gates, the sound of the pity of the friendship poet.此诗为七言律诗，八句——「江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏。已断燕鸿初起势，更惊骚客后归魂。汉廷急诏谁先入，楚路高歌自欲翻。万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门」，押「元」韵（昏、魂、翻、门），一韵到底，音节沉郁。全诗以送别写感慨：前四句写扬浪的江风（江风扬浪动云根、更惊骚客后归魂），后四句写高歌的楚路（汉廷急诏谁先入、凤巢西隔九重门）。八句短章，前写江风，后写相逢，以「凤巢西隔九重门」写尽西隔的凤巢，正见李商隐「深婉」的本色。诵读此诗，宜以沉郁的语调读「江风扬浪动云根」的江风，以悲愤的语调读「凤巢西隔九重门」的凤巢，结句要读得沉郁而有余韵，方能传达出李商隐的悲愤沉郁。李商隐律诗以「深婉」著称，此诗正是其感慨诗的典范。

Line by line

江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏

The river wind lifts the waves and shakes the cloud-root stones; heavy anchors, tall masts, the daylight darkens.

江风扬浪动云根，重碇危樯白日昏。

The river wind lifts the waves and stirs the cloud-root rocks; heavy anchors, towering masts, the bright sun grows dim.

此二句是全诗写江风的核心，以江风扬浪动云根写动云根，以重碇危樯白日昏写白日昏，写尽扬浪的江风，是千古名句。「江风扬浪动云根」写江风扬浪动云根——那「江风扬浪」写江风扬浪，「动云根」写动云根，写尽扬浪的江风；「重碇危樯白日昏」写重碇危樯白日昏——那「重碇危樯」写重碇危樯，「白日昏」写白日昏，写尽白日昏的危樯。这句的深意在于：它以「江风扬浪动云根」的动云根与「重碇危樯白日昏」的白日昏，写尽扬浪的江风——江风扬浪动云根，那「江风扬浪动云根」写尽扬浪的江风——江风扬浪动云根，正是风浪撼云的写照，那「动云根」写尽扬浪的江风；重碇危樯白日昏，那「重碇危樯白日昏」写尽白日昏的危樯——重碇危樯白日昏，正是危樯日昏的写照，那「白日昏」写尽扬浪的江风；那「江风扬浪动云根」写尽扬浪的江风，那「重碇危樯白日昏」写尽白日昏的危樯，一写江风，一写危樯，写尽扬浪的江风——风浪撼云而危樯日昏，正是悲愤的写照；此二句以江风、危樯写尽扬浪的江风，也为下文的燕鸿作铺垫，也让此二句成为全诗写江风的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「江风吹起大浪摇动云根，沉重的碇石、高耸的船桅在白天显得昏暗」，则失其沉郁；唯以「江风扬浪动云根」写动云根、「重碇危樯白日昏」写白日昏，写尽扬浪的江风，也让此二句成为全诗写江风的核心。

These two lines are the core of the poem's river storm - a famous line. 'The river wind lifts the waves and shakes the cloud-root stones' the wind and wave; 'heavy anchors, tall masts, the daylight darkens' the dark sun. The wind and waves shaking the very clouds, the tall masts in a darkened noon - the grief and anger made storm, priming the swallows and wild geese below.

万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门

Meeting ten thousand li away, joy turns to tears; the phoenix nest is cut off to the west by the ninefold gates.

万里相逢欢复泣，凤巢西隔九重门。

Meeting ten thousand li from home, joy again turns to weeping; the phoenix nest lies westward, cut off by the ninefold gates.

此二句是全诗写相逢的核心，以万里相逢欢复泣写欢复泣，以凤巢西隔九重门写九重门，写尽西隔的凤巢，是千古名句。「万里相逢欢复泣」写万里相逢欢复泣——那「万里相逢」写万里相逢，「欢复泣」写欢复泣，写尽相逢的欢泣；「凤巢西隔九重门」写凤巢西隔九重门——那「凤巢西隔」写凤巢西隔，「九重门」写九重门，写尽西隔的凤巢。这句的深意在于：它以「万里相逢欢复泣」的欢复泣与「凤巢西隔九重门」的九重门，写尽西隔的凤巢——万里相逢欢复泣，那「万里相逢欢复泣」写尽相逢的欢泣——万里相逢欢复泣，正是悲喜交加的写照，那「欢复泣」写尽西隔的凤巢；凤巢西隔九重门，那「凤巢西隔九重门」写尽西隔的凤巢——凤巢西隔九重门，正是忠贤隔门的写照，那「九重门」写尽西隔的凤巢；那「万里相逢欢复泣」写尽相逢的欢泣，那「凤巢西隔九重门」写尽西隔的凤巢，一写相逢，一写凤巢，写尽西隔的凤巢——万里相逢而忠贤隔门，正是悲愤的写照；此二句以相逢、凤巢写尽西隔的凤巢，也让此二句成为全诗写相逢的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「万里之外相逢悲喜交加，凤巢在西边隔着九重宫门」，则失其深婉；唯以「万里相逢欢复泣」写欢复泣、「凤巢西隔九重门」写九重门，写尽西隔的凤巢，也让此二句成为全诗写相逢的核心。

These two lines are the core of the poem's meeting - a famous line. 'Meeting ten thousand li away, joy turns to tears' the mingled joy and grief; 'the phoenix nest is cut off to the west by the ninefold gates' the worthy barred from the court. The meeting after ten thousand li, joy and tears together; the phoenix nest separated by the palace gates - the loyal and just shut out, the grief and indignation.

Study

Word focus

断 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「已断燕鸿初起势」之「断」字是写身世关键词，一个「断」字写尽燕鸿的初起势。断者，断绝、折断也。李商隐以「已断燕鸿初起势」写身世，这个「断」字至少有双重意味：其一，写势之断——那「已断燕鸿初起势」写已断燕鸿初起势，那「断」字写尽燕鸿的初起势——已断，正是已然折断的写照，那「断」字写尽燕鸿的初起势；其二，写才之抑——那「断」字更是写抑——断，正见贤才受抑的悲愤，那「断」字写尽李商隐的深婉。以「断」字写身世，正是李商隐写感慨的枢纽——若换作「折」「摧」等字，则或失其与「已断燕鸿」「初起势」的配合，或失其写断的意味；唯「断」字，以已断燕鸿初起势写尽燕鸿之断翅与初起之受抑，与「更惊骚客后归魂」的骚客相合，写尽燕鸿的初起势，也让「已断燕鸿初起势」成为全诗写身世的名句。

隔 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「凤巢西隔九重门」之「隔」字是写相逢关键词，一个「隔」字写尽西隔的凤巢。隔者，阻隔、隔绝也。李商隐以「凤巢西隔九重门」写相逢，这个「隔」字至少有双重意味：其一，写门之隔——那「凤巢西隔九重门」写凤巢西隔九重门，那「隔」字写尽西隔的凤巢——西隔，正是西向隔绝的写照，那「隔」字写尽西隔的凤巢；其二，写才之蔽——那「隔」字更是写蔽——隔，正见贤才被蔽的悲愤，那「隔」字写尽李商隐的深婉。以「隔」字写相逢，正是李商隐写感慨的枢纽——若换作「阻」「远」等字，则或失其与「凤巢西隔」「九重门」的配合，或失其写隔的意味；唯「隔」字，以凤巢西隔九重门写尽凤巢之隔绝与九重之门蔽，与「万里相逢欢复泣」的相逢相合，写尽西隔的凤巢，也让「凤巢西隔九重门」成为全诗写相逢的名句。