唐 Tang · 诗 Poem
越女词·其三
The, Song, of, the, Yue, Maiden, III
耶溪采莲女,见客棹歌回。
笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来。
笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来。
Meaning
A poem of the girl and the shyness, written by Li Bai. The girl of the picking the lotus of the Creek of the Ye, seeing the guest the turning the boat singing the song returning — the girl of the opening. Laughing entering the lotus flowers away, pretending to be shy not coming out — the shyness of the close. The poem is the girl and the shyness: the singing, the hiding, and the close's shyness.
耶溪采莲女,见客棹歌回。笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来。
Appreciation
[Plain Paraphrase] The, girl, of, the, picking, the, lotus, of, the, Creek, of, the, Ye, seeing, the, guest, the, turning, the, boat, singing, the, song, returning. Laughing, entering, the, lotus, flowers, away, pretending, to, be, shy, not, coming, out. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the girl of the picking the lotus with the singing the song, through the laughing of the entering, to the close's the shyness of the not coming out. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the shyness: laughing entering the lotus flowers away, and the close's pretending to be shy not coming out — the girl gathered in the hiding and the close's shyness. [Emotional Tone] Fine, lively, and charming: the poem is the singing, the hiding and the close's shyness.
【白话串讲】 李白写《越女词·其三》:“耶溪采莲女,见客棹歌回”——“笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来”——采莲女看见客人,笑着躲进荷花丛,假装害羞不出来——他写少女的娇羞。 【意象与手法】 此诗写采莲女,以清新写采莲女,是李白的名篇。前二句写初见:「耶溪采莲女,见客棹歌回」写耶溪采莲女、见客棹歌回——写尽采莲女的棹歌;后二句写羞态:「笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来」写笑入荷花去、佯羞不出来——写尽采莲女的娇羞。全诗以清新写采莲女,写尽采莲女的棹歌与采莲女的娇羞,是李白的代表作。 【情感与主旨】 此诗写采莲女,以清新写采莲女,是李白的名篇。此诗写李白在越地耶溪所见采莲女的情景。耶溪即若耶溪,在越地(今浙江绍兴),溪畔多荷塘,采莲女子驾舟采莲。李白游历越中,见采莲女见客而棹歌、笑入荷花的娇态,遂作此诗,以清新明快的笔触写少女的羞涩天真。此诗写初见:耶溪采莲女,见客棹歌回——写耶溪采莲女、见客棹歌回,写尽采莲女的棹歌;笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来——写笑入荷花去、佯羞不出来,写尽采莲女的娇羞。全诗以清新写采莲女——那「见客棹歌回」写尽采莲女的棹歌,「佯羞不出来」写尽采莲女的娇羞,写尽采莲女的棹歌与采莲女的娇羞,是理解李白写人诗的重要篇章。 【名句点睛】 常考「耶溪采莲女,见客棹歌回」写采莲女的棹歌;「笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来」写采莲女的娇羞;以及全诗以清新写采莲女、以细节写娇羞的手法。
Background
Li Bai (701-762), the great poet of the Tang, wrote this 'The, Song, of, the, Yue, Maiden, III' of the girl and the shyness — the charm of the Yue maiden. The girl of the picking the lotus with the singing the song, and the close's the shyness of the not coming out — the poem gathers the charm of the poet, the liveliness of the girl. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the girl.
此诗写采莲女,以清新写采莲女,是李白的名篇。李白(701—762),字太白,号青莲居士,祖籍陇西成纪(今甘肃秦安),生于碎叶,唐代诗人,与杜甫并称「李杜」,为浪漫主义诗人。此诗写李白在越地耶溪所见采莲女的情景。耶溪即若耶溪,在越地(今浙江绍兴),溪畔多荷塘,采莲女子驾舟采莲。李白游历越中,见采莲女见客而棹歌、笑入荷花的娇态,遂作此诗,以清新明快的笔触写少女的羞涩天真。此诗写初见:「耶溪采莲女,见客棹歌回」写耶溪采莲女、见客棹歌回——写尽采莲女的棹歌(耶溪采莲女,见客棹歌回);「笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来」写笑入荷花去、佯羞不出来——写尽采莲女的娇羞(笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来)。全诗以清新写采莲女,写尽采莲女的棹歌与采莲女的娇羞,是理解李白写人诗的重要篇章。李白青年时游历越中(今浙江绍兴一带),若耶溪畔多荷塘,是采莲女子常至之地。李白《越女词》共五首,分写吴越之地的采莲女、浣纱女,此首即写若耶溪采莲女见客而羞的娇态。相传西施曾浣纱于若耶溪,故此溪名篇迭出,李白此诗正是越地风物的写照。
Art
The poem's art is the art of the shyness. The girl opens: the, girl, of, the, picking, the, lotus, of, the, Creek, of, the, Ye — the girl of the picking the lotus; seeing, the, guest, the, turning, the, boat, singing, the, song, returning — the seeing of the singing the song. The shyness follows: laughing, entering, the, lotus, flowers, away — the laughing of the entering; pretending, to, be, shy, not, coming, out — the pretending of the not coming out — the girl, the hiding and the close's shyness, gathered in the poem.
此诗的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一,以白描写人物。「耶溪采莲女」以白描写人物——那「采莲女」写尽采莲的身份,以白描写尽人物的清丽。其二,以动作写初见。「见客棹歌回」以动作写初见——那「棹歌回」写尽棹歌的回身,以动作写尽初见的场景。其三,以景物写羞态。「笑入荷花去」以景物写羞态——那「荷花」写尽荷塘的掩映,以景物写尽采莲女的娇羞。其四,以反衬写天真。「佯羞不出来」以反衬写天真——那「佯羞」写尽假装害羞的娇憨,以反衬写尽采莲女的天真。此外,此诗前二句写采莲女的棹歌,后二句写采莲女的娇羞,由见及羞,正是写人诗「以动写静」的写法。四重手法,使此诗以清新写采莲女,写尽采莲女的棹歌与采莲女的娇羞,是李白的代表作。此诗还善于以「棹歌回」写初见时采莲女的动作——那「棹歌」写一边划船一边唱歌,「回」写歌声中划船回转,正是采莲女见生人而欲避还迎的生动描写。又善以「荷花」与「人面」的相映写人与景的合一——采莲女笑入荷花,正是「人面桃花相映红」式的写法,使人与景融为一体。
Allusions
'The Creek of the Ye' (ye xi) is the Creek of the Ye — the creek of the Ye, the picking of the opening; 'the picking the lotus' (cai lian) is the picking the lotus — the picking of the lotus, the girl of the opening.
此诗的用语深植于人物与清新传统。「耶溪」令人想到「耶溪」写若耶溪的意象——若耶溪在越地,为西施浣纱之地,也令人想到「若耶溪畔采莲女」的意象;「采莲女」令人想到「采莲女」写采莲的意象——也令人想到「江南可采莲」的意象;「棹歌」令人想到「棹歌」写船歌的意象——也令人想到「渔舟唱晚」的意象;「荷花」令人想到「荷花」写荷花的意象——也令人想到「映日荷花别样红」(杨万里)的意象;「佯羞」令人想到「佯羞」写假羞的意象——也令人想到「和羞走,却把青梅嗅」(李清照)的意象。全诗化用耶溪、采莲女、棹歌、荷花、佯羞的意象,以清新写采莲女,正是李白「清新」而善写人、承乐府传统写娇羞之本领。「耶溪」即若耶溪,传说西施浣纱于此,故若耶溪常与西施、越女相连;「棹歌」令人想到《越人歌》「今夕何夕兮,搴舟中流」之语,为越地船歌的传统。李白以「耶溪采莲女」写越女,正是承越地风物典故而赋新篇。
Commentary
This poem is one of the famous works of Li Bai's poems of the girl, quoted for the liveliness of its opening and the charm of its close. The singing the song of the returning, and the pretending of the not coming out, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's charm: the maiden gathered in the hiding, to the close's shyness.
此诗历来被推为李白写人诗的名篇,也是唐人写采莲女的代表。历代论者对此诗评价极高:清人评此诗「以清新写采莲女,天真烂漫」;近人更指出「笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来」写采莲女的娇羞,是此诗的名句。在诗歌史上,此诗的特殊价值在于:它以四句的绝句写尽采莲女的棹歌与采莲女的娇羞——那耶溪,那采莲女,那见客,那棹歌回,那笑,那荷花,那佯羞,那不出来,都写尽了李白笔下的越女;那「佯羞不出来」更以反衬写尽采莲女的天真。此诗与李白《越女词·其一》(「长干吴儿女」)同为越女词名篇,一写「眉目艳皎月」的吴儿女(其一),一写「笑入荷花去」的采莲女(其三);又与汉乐府《江南》「江南可采莲」的采莲传统一脉相承,可见中国诗写采莲的传统。对于今日读者,此诗是理解李白写人诗的窗口,也是中国诗写采莲女的经典——那笑入荷花的越女,穿越千年,仍在诉说着娇羞的天真。
Prosody
Line by line
笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来
Laughing, she slips into the lotus flowers; feigning shyness, she will not come out.
笑入荷花去,佯羞不出来。
Laughing, she dives among the lotus blooms; feigning coyness, she will not come out.
此二句是全诗写娇羞的核心,以笑入荷花去写笑入,以佯羞不出来写佯羞,写尽采莲女的娇羞,是千古名句。「笑入荷花去」写笑入荷花去——那「笑入」写笑入,「荷花去」写荷花去,写尽笑入的荷塘;「佯羞不出来」写佯羞不出来——那「佯羞」写佯羞,「不出来」写不出来,写尽佯羞的不出。这句的深意在于:它以「笑入荷花去」的笑入与「佯羞不出来」的佯羞,写尽采莲女的娇羞——笑入荷花去,那「笑入荷花去」写尽笑入的荷塘——笑入荷花,正是掩入荷塘的写照,那「笑入」写尽采莲女的娇羞;佯羞不出来,那「佯羞不出来」写尽佯羞的不出——佯羞不出,正是假装害羞的写照,那「佯羞」写尽采莲女的天真;那「笑入荷花去」写尽笑入的荷塘,那「佯羞不出来」写尽佯羞的不出,一写笑入,一写佯羞,写尽采莲女的娇羞——笑入荷塘而佯羞不出,正是少女娇态的写照;此二句以笑入、佯羞写尽采莲女的娇羞,也让此二句成为全诗写娇羞的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「她害羞地躲到荷花后面」,则失其生动;唯以「笑入荷花去」写笑入、「佯羞不出来」写佯羞,写尽采莲女的娇羞,也让此二句成为全诗写娇羞的核心。
These two lines are the core of the poem's coy charm - a famous line. 'Laughing, she slips into the lotus flowers' the dive into the lotus; 'feigning shyness, she will not come out' the mock-shyness. Laughing into the pond, feigning shyness and staying hidden - the lotus-picking girl's playful innocence, vivid to the life.
耶溪采莲女,见客棹歌回
The lotus girl of Ye Stream, seeing the guest, turns her oar-song back.
耶溪采莲女,见客棹歌回。
The lotus-picking maid of Ye Stream, seeing the visitor, turns her oar-song boat about.
此二句是全诗写初见的核心,以耶溪采莲女写采莲女,以见客棹歌回写棹歌回,写尽采莲女的棹歌,是千古名句。「耶溪采莲女」写耶溪采莲女——那「耶溪」写耶溪,「采莲女」写采莲女,写尽采莲的地点;「见客棹歌回」写见客棹歌回——那「见客」写见客,「棹歌回」写棹歌回,写尽棹歌的回身。这句的深意在于:它以「耶溪采莲女」的采莲女与「见客棹歌回」的棹歌回,写尽采莲女的棹歌——耶溪采莲女,那「耶溪采莲女」写尽采莲的地点——耶溪采莲,正是越地风物的写照,那「采莲女」写尽人物的清丽;见客棹歌回,那「见客棹歌回」写尽棹歌的回身——见客棹歌回,正是见客回身的写照,那「棹歌回」写尽采莲女的棹歌;那「耶溪采莲女」写尽采莲的地点,那「见客棹歌回」写尽棹歌的回身,一写地点,一写动作,写尽采莲女的棹歌——耶溪采莲而见客棹歌,正是初见场景的写照;此二句以采莲女、棹歌回写尽采莲女的棹歌,也为下文的荷花作铺垫,也让此二句成为全诗写初见的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「有个姑娘在采莲,看到我就唱歌走了」,则失其含蓄;唯以「耶溪采莲女」写采莲女、「见客棹歌回」写棹歌回,写尽采莲女的棹歌,也让此二句成为全诗写初见的核心。
These two lines are the core of the poem's first meeting - a famous line. 'The lotus girl of Ye Stream' the place and the person; 'seeing the guest, she turns her oar-song back' the turning at the sight of the visitor. The Yue-region scenery, the girl's turning boat at the stranger's glance - the first meeting's scene, priming the lotus flowers below.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
Compare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.
李白《越女词·其一》「长干吴儿女,眉目艳皎月。屐上足如霜,不著鸦头袜」写越女,是李白的名篇。此诗《越女词·其三》则「笑入荷花去」写采莲女。同为李白越女词,一写「眉目艳皎月」的吴儿女(其一),一写「笑入荷花去」的采莲女(其三);一写容貌,一写情态。两诗对读,可见李白写越女的两种笔法。
江南(汉乐府) South of the River 佚名 · 同写采莲之乐,一鱼戏一荷花 Related readingCompare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.
汉乐府《江南》「江南可采莲,莲叶何田田。鱼戏莲叶间,鱼戏莲叶东」写采莲,是汉乐府的名篇。此诗《越女词·其三》则「笑入荷花去」写采莲女。同为写采莲之乐,一写「鱼戏莲叶间」的鱼(江南),一写「笑入荷花去」的采莲女(越女词其三);一写鱼戏,一写人羞。两诗对读,可见中国诗写采莲的传统。