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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

渔家傲·寄仲高

The, Pride, of, the, Fisherman: Sent, to, the, Zhonggao

陆游

Lu You

思乡Homesickness 怀人Remembering someone

东望山阴何处是？
往来一万三千里。
写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事。
寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟？
行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里。

东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里。
写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事。
寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟？
行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里。

Listen

Meaning

A lyric of the home and the longing, written by Lu You. Looking east to the Mountain of the Yin where is it, the going and the coming the thirteen thousand li — the distance of the opening. Writing the letters of the home in vain filling the paper, flowing the clear tears, the reply of the letter already the matter of the next year — the letters of the middle. Entrusting the message to the water below the Red Bridge, the little boat on what day seeking the brothers — the seeking of the middle. And the close's walking all over the horizon truly old indeed, sorrowful without the sleep, the few strands of the hair of the temples within the mist of the tea — the close's old age. The lyric is the home and the longing: the distance, the letters, and the close's old age.

东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里。写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事。寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟？行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] Looking, east, to, the, Mountain, of, the, Yin, where, is, it, the, going, and, the, coming, the, thirteen, thousand, li. Writing, the, letters, of, the, home, in, vain, filling, the, paper, flowing, the, clear, tears, the, reply, of, the, letter, already, the, matter, of, the, next, year. Entrusting, the, message, to, the, water, below, the, Red, Bridge, the, little, boat, on, what, day, seeking, the, brothers. Walking, all, over, the, horizon, truly, old, indeed, sorrowful, without, the, sleep, the, few, strands, of, the, hair, of, the, temples, within, the, mist, of, the, tea. [Structure and Thought] The lyric moves from the distance of the thirteen thousand li with the letters of the home, through the seeking of the brothers with the little boat, to the close's the old age of the mist of the tea. [Key Technique] The lyric's art is the close of the old age: walking all over the horizon truly old indeed, and the close's sorrowful without the sleep the few strands of the hair of the temples within the mist of the tea — the longing gathered in the seeking and the close's old age. [Emotional Tone] Longing, sorrowful, and weary: the lyric is the distance, the letters and the close's old age.

【白话串讲】陆游写《渔家傲·寄仲高》：“东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里”——“写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事”——“寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟”——“行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里”——他寄给堂兄仲高——书回已是明年事。【意象与手法】此词写思乡，以怀人写思乡，是陆游的名篇。上阕写家书：「东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里。写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事」写东望山阴何处是、往来一万三千里——写尽山阴的一万三千里；下阕写寄语：「寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟？行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里」写寄语红桥桥下水、扁舟何日寻兄弟——写尽寻兄弟的扁舟。全词以怀人写思乡，写尽山阴的一万三千里与寻兄弟的扁舟，是陆游的代表作。【情感与主旨】此词写思乡，以怀人写思乡，是陆游的名篇。此词为陆游寄其兄仲高而作，写其远宦思乡怀人之情。陆游宦游四方，此词写其身在天涯、思念山阴家乡与兄弟。此词写东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里。写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事。寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟？行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里。此词写家书：东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里——写东望山阴何处是、往来一万三千里，写尽山阴的一万三千里；写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事——写写得家书空满纸、流清泪、书回已是明年事，写尽家书的满纸；寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟——写寄语红桥桥下水、扁舟何日寻兄弟，写尽寻兄弟的扁舟；行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里——写行遍天涯真老矣、愁无寐、鬓丝几缕茶烟里，写尽鬓丝的茶烟。全词以怀人写思乡——那「往来一万三千里」写尽山阴的一万三千里，「鬓丝几缕茶烟里」写尽鬓丝的茶烟，写尽山阴的一万三千里与寻兄弟的扁舟，是理解陆游思乡词的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里」写山阴的一万三千里；「写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事」写家书的满纸；以及全词以怀人写思乡、以设问写思乡的手法。

Background

Lu You (1125-1210), the great poet of the Southern Song, wrote this 'The, Pride, of, the, Fisherman: Sent, to, the, Zhonggao' of the home and the longing — the longing of the official for the home and the brothers. The distance of the thirteen thousand li, the letters of the home, and the close's the old age of the mist of the tea — the lyric gathers the longing of the poet, the sorrow of the old age. The lyric is one of the famous works of the poet's lyrics of the longing.

此词写思乡，以怀人写思乡，是陆游的名篇。陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋爱国诗人，与尤袤、杨万里、范成大并称「中兴四大诗人」。此词为陆游寄其兄仲高而作，写其远宦思乡怀人之情。陆游宦游四方，此词写其身在天涯、思念山阴家乡与兄弟。此词写东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里。写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事。寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟？行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里。此词写家书：「东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里」写东望山阴何处是、往来一万三千里——写尽山阴的一万三千里（东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里）；「写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事」写写得家书空满纸、流清泪、书回已是明年事——写尽家书的满纸（写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事）；「寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟」写寄语红桥桥下水、扁舟何日寻兄弟——写尽寻兄弟的扁舟（寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟）；「行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里」写行遍天涯真老矣、愁无寐、鬓丝几缕茶烟里——写尽鬓丝的茶烟（行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里）。全词以怀人写思乡，写尽山阴的一万三千里与寻兄弟的扁舟，是理解陆游思乡词的重要篇章。

Art

The lyric's art is the art of the old age. The distance opens: looking, east, to, the, Mountain, of, the, Yin, where, is, it — the Mountain of the Yin of the looking; the, going, and, the, coming, the, thirteen, thousand, li — the thirteen thousand li of the going and the coming. The letters follow: writing, the, letters, of, the, home, in, vain, filling, the, paper — the letters of the home of the filling; flowing, the, clear, tears — the clear tears of the flowing; the, reply, of, the, letter, already, the, matter, of, the, next, year — the reply of the next year. The seeking follows: entrusting, the, message, to, the, water, below, the, Red, Bridge — the water of the Red Bridge; the, little, boat, on, what, day, seeking, the, brothers — the little boat of the seeking the brothers. And the close gathers the old age: walking, all, over, the, horizon, truly, old, indeed — the horizon of the walking; sorrowful, without, the, sleep — the sorrowful of the without the sleep; the, few, strands, of, the, hair, of, the, temples, within, the, mist, of, the, tea — the mist of the tea of the temples — the distance, the seeking and the close's old age, gathered in the lyric.

此词的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以设问写思乡。「东望山阴何处是」以设问写思乡——那「往来一万三千里」写尽山阴的一万三千里，以设问写尽山阴的一万三千里。其二，以直抒写家书。「写得家书空满纸」以直抒写家书——那「流清泪」写尽流下的清泪，以直抒写尽家书的满纸。其三，以托物写寄语。「寄语红桥桥下水」以托物写寄语——那「扁舟何日寻兄弟」写尽寻兄弟的扁舟，以托物写尽寻兄弟的扁舟。其四，以白描写老。「鬓丝几缕茶烟里」以白描写老——那「行遍天涯真老矣」写尽行遍天涯的老，以白描写尽鬓丝的茶烟。此外，此词上阕写山阴的一万三千里，下阕写寻兄弟的扁舟，由乡及人，正是思乡词「以人写乡」的写法。四重手法，使此词以怀人写思乡，写尽山阴的一万三千里与寻兄弟的扁舟，是陆游的代表作。此词还善于以「写得家书空满纸」的「空满纸」写家书之空写——那「写得家书」写尽写得的家书，正是以空写书，以「流清泪」写尽家书的满纸。又善以「寄语红桥桥下水」的「寄语」写红桥之寄语——寄语红桥桥下水，正见寄语流水的写照，以「寄语」写尽寻兄弟的扁舟。

Allusions

'The Mountain of the Yin' (shan yin) is the Mountain of the Yin — the Shanyin of the home, the looking of the opening; 'the Red Bridge' (hong qiao) is the Red Bridge — the bridge of the red, the message of the middle; 'the little boat' (bian zhou) is the little boat — the boat of the little, the seeking of the middle.

此词的用语深植于思乡与怀人传统。「山阴」令人想到「山阴」写山阴的意象——陆游故乡今浙江绍兴，也令人想到「山阴道上」的意象；「一万三千里」令人想到「一万三千里」写路程遥远的意象——也令人想到「相去万余里」（古诗十九首）的意象；「家书」令人想到「家书」写家书的意象——也令人想到「家书抵万金」（杜甫）的意象；「清泪」令人想到「清泪」写清泪的意象——也令人想到「凭轩涕泗流」（杜甫）的意象；「红桥」令人想到「红桥」写红桥的意象——山阴红桥，也令人想到「红桥绿柳」的意象；「扁舟」令人想到「扁舟」写小舟的意象——也令人想到「一叶扁舟」的意象。全词化用山阴、一万三千里、家书、清泪、红桥、扁舟的意象典故，以怀人写思乡，正是陆游「沉郁」而善直抒、承思乡传统写怀人之本领。「山阴」令人想到「山阴」写山阴的意象——也令人想到「山阴道上」的意象；「茶烟」令人想到「茶烟」写茶烟的意象——也令人想到「茶烟轻飏」的意象，以茶烟写羁旅。

Commentary

This lyric is one of the famous works of Lu You's lyrics of the longing, quoted for the distance of its opening and the sorrow of its close. The letters of the home, and the mist of the tea, are among the admired passages of the poet's lyrics. Critics praise the lyric's longing: the home gathered in the seeking, to the close's old age.

此词历来被推为陆游思乡词的名篇，也是宋词写寄兄怀人的代表。历代论者对此词评价极高：清人评此词「以怀人写思乡，沉郁真挚」；近人更指出「东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里」写山阴的一万三千里，是此词的名句。在诗歌史上，此词的特殊价值在于：它以长调写尽山阴的一万三千里与寻兄弟的扁舟——那东望，那山阴，那何处是，那往来，那一万三千里，那写得，那家书，那空满纸，那流清泪，那书回，那已是明年事，那寄语，那红桥，那桥下水，那扁舟，那何日，那寻兄弟，那行遍天涯，那真老矣，那愁无寐，那鬓丝，那几缕，那茶烟里，都写尽了陆游笔下的渔家傲寄仲高；那「鬓丝几缕茶烟里」更以白描写尽鬓丝的茶烟。此词与杜甫《月夜忆舍弟》「月是故乡明」同为怀人名篇，一写「寄书长不达」的杜甫（月夜忆舍弟），一写「书回已是明年事」的陆游（寄仲高）；一写唐，一写宋。两诗对读，可见怀人思乡的传统。对于今日读者，此词是理解陆游思乡词的窗口，也是宋词写寄兄怀人的经典——那寻兄弟的扁舟，穿越千年，仍在诉说着鬓丝的茶烟。

Prosody

Form A lyric of the tune of the Pride of the Fisherman (ci)词·渔家傲

Rhyme The lyric rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the ci that carries the sorrowful longing.渔家傲，押「里」「纸」「泪」「事」「弟」「寐」「里」韵（仄声，上声去声通押），一韵到底

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the old age: the level opening with the distance, the turning with the seeking, and the close's fall with the tea.此词为渔家傲小令，押仄声韵，一韵到底，音节低回，正合思乡的低回。

Reading note The lyric's sound matches its sorrow: the cadences of the ci, and the close — 'bin si ji lü cha yan li' — falls with the tea, the sound of the longing of the home poet.此词为渔家傲小令，上下两阕——上阕「东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里。写得家书空满纸，流清泪，书回已是明年事」，下阕「寄语红桥桥下水，扁舟何日寻兄弟？行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里」，押仄声韵（里、纸、泪、事、弟、寐、里），一韵到底，音节低回。全词以怀人写思乡：上阕写山阴的一万三千里（东望山阴何处是、书回已是明年事），下阕写寻兄弟的扁舟（寄语红桥桥下水、鬓丝几缕茶烟里）。小令短章，前写家书，后写寄语，以「鬓丝几缕茶烟里」写尽鬓丝的茶烟，正见陆游「沉郁」的本色。诵读此词，宜以低回的语调读「往来一万三千里」的思乡，以深情的语调读「扁舟何日寻兄弟」的怀人，结句要读得低回而有余韵，方能传达出陆游的沉郁真挚。陆游小令以「沉郁」著称，此词正是其思乡词的典范。

Line by line

东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里

Looking east, where is Shanyin? Back and forth, ten thousand three hundred li.

东望山阴何处是？往来一万三千里。

Looking east, where is Shanyin? The road back and forth, ten thousand three hundred li.

此二句是全词写思乡的核心，以东望山阴何处是写何处是，以往来一万三千里写一万三千里，写尽山阴的一万三千里，是千古名句。「东望山阴何处是」写东望山阴何处是——那「东望山阴」写东望山阴，「何处是」写何处是，写尽山阴的何处是；「往来一万三千里」写往来一万三千里——那「往来」写往来，「一万三千里」写一万三千里，写尽山阴的一万三千里。这句的深意在于：它以「东望山阴何处是」的何处是与「往来一万三千里」的一万三千里，写尽山阴的一万三千里——东望山阴何处是，那「东望山阴何处是」写尽山阴的何处是——东望山阴何处是，正是望乡不见的写照，那「何处是」写尽山阴的一万三千里；往来一万三千里，那「往来一万三千里」写尽山阴的一万三千里——往来一万三千里，正是相距万里的写照，那「一万三千里」写尽山阴的一万三千里；那「东望山阴何处是」写尽山阴的何处是，那「往来一万三千里」写尽山阴的一万三千里，一写东望，一写往来，写尽山阴的一万三千里——望乡不见而相距万里，正是思乡的写照；此二句以东望、往来写尽山阴的一万三千里，也为下文的家书作铺垫，也让此二句成为全词写思乡的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「向东望故乡山阴在哪里？来去有一万三千里」，则失其苍茫；唯以「东望山阴何处是」写何处是、「往来一万三千里」写一万三千里，写尽山阴的一万三千里，也让此二句成为全词写思乡的核心。

These two lines are the core of the ci's homesickness - a famous line. 'Looking east, where is Shanyin?' the home unseen; 'back and forth, ten thousand three hundred li' the distance between. Gazing homeward and seeing not, ten thousand li apart - the homesickness set out, priming the home letter below. The vastness of the distance, the blankness of the gaze.

行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里

I have wandered the edge of the world, and I am truly old; grief keeps me wakeful; a few threads of temple hair, in the tea smoke.

行遍天涯真老矣，愁无寐，鬓丝几缕茶烟里。

I have walked the edge of the world and am truly old; grief keeps me sleepless, a few threads of graying temples amid the tea smoke.

此三句是全词写老的核心，以行遍天涯真老矣写真老矣，以愁无寐写无寐，以鬓丝几缕茶烟里写茶烟里，写尽鬓丝的茶烟，是千古名句。「行遍天涯真老矣」写行遍天涯真老矣——那「行遍天涯」写行遍天涯，「真老矣」写真老矣，写尽行遍天涯的老；「愁无寐」写愁无寐——那「愁」写愁，「无寐」写无寐，写尽无寐的愁；「鬓丝几缕茶烟里」写鬓丝几缕茶烟里——那「鬓丝几缕」写鬓丝几缕，「茶烟里」写茶烟里，写尽鬓丝的茶烟。这句的深意在于：它以「行遍天涯真老矣」的真老矣、「愁无寐」的无寐与「鬓丝几缕茶烟里」的茶烟里，写尽鬓丝的茶烟——行遍天涯真老矣，那「行遍天涯真老矣」写尽行遍天涯的老——行遍天涯真老矣，正是天涯老矣的写照，那「真老矣」写尽鬓丝的茶烟；愁无寐，那「愁无寐」写尽无寐的愁——愁无寐，正是愁来无寐的写照，那「无寐」写尽鬓丝的茶烟；鬓丝几缕茶烟里，那「鬓丝几缕茶烟里」写尽鬓丝的茶烟——鬓丝几缕茶烟里，正是鬓丝茶烟的写照，那「茶烟里」写尽鬓丝的茶烟；那「行遍天涯真老矣」写尽行遍天涯的老，那「愁无寐」写尽无寐的愁，那「鬓丝几缕茶烟里」写尽鬓丝的茶烟，一写天涯，一写无寐，一写鬓丝，写尽鬓丝的茶烟——天涯老矣而鬓丝茶烟，正是羁旅的写照；此三句以天涯、无寐、鬓丝写尽鬓丝的茶烟，也让此三句成为全词写老的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「走遍天涯真老了，忧愁得睡不着，几缕白发在茶烟里」，则失其沉郁；唯以「行遍天涯真老矣」写真老矣、「愁无寐」写无寐、「鬓丝几缕茶烟里」写茶烟里，写尽鬓丝的茶烟，也让此三句成为全词写老的核心。

These three lines are the core of the ci's old age - a famous line. 'I have wandered the edge of the world, and I am truly old' the years on the road; 'grief keeps me wakeful' the sleepless nights; 'a few threads of temple hair, in the tea smoke' the gray hair in the tea smoke. The wanderer grown old, the grief the wakeful nights, the gray hair in the quiet tea smoke - the desolation of the long exile.

Study

Word focus

空 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「写得家书空满纸」之「空」字是写家书关键词，一个「空」字写尽家书的满纸。空者，空自、徒然也。陆游以「写得家书空满纸」写家书，这个「空」字至少有双重意味：其一，写书之空——那「写得家书空满纸」写写得家书空满纸，那「空」字写尽家书的满纸——空满纸，正是空写满纸的写照，那「空」字写尽家书的满纸；其二，写情之怅——那「空」字更是写怅——空，正见家书难寄的怅惘，那「空」字写尽陆游的思乡。以「空」字写家书，正是陆游写思乡的枢纽——若换作「苦」「满」等字，则或失其与「写得家书」「空满纸」的配合，或失其写空的意味；唯「空」字，以写得家书空满纸写尽满纸之空写与家书之难寄，与「流清泪」的清泪相合，写尽家书的满纸，也让「写得家书空满纸」成为全词写家书的名句。

寻 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「扁舟何日寻兄弟」之「寻」字是写怀人关键词，一个「寻」字写尽寻兄弟的扁舟。寻者，寻找、寻访也。陆游以「扁舟何日寻兄弟」写怀人，这个「寻」字至少有双重意味：其一，写亲之寻——那「扁舟何日寻兄弟」写扁舟何日寻兄弟，那「寻」字写尽寻兄弟的扁舟——寻兄弟，正是寻访兄弟的写照，那「寻」字写尽寻兄弟的扁舟；其二，写念之深——那「寻」字更是写深——寻，正见怀人念切的深情，那「寻」字写尽陆游的思乡。以「寻」字写怀人，正是陆游写思乡的枢纽——若换作「访」「会」等字，则或失其与「扁舟何日」「寻兄弟」的配合，或失其写寻的意味；唯「寻」字，以扁舟何日寻兄弟写尽兄弟之寻访与怀人之念切，与「寄语红桥桥下水」的红桥相合，写尽寻兄弟的扁舟，也让「扁舟何日寻兄弟」成为全词写怀人的名句。