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唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

谒衡岳庙遂宿岳寺题门楼

Visiting, the, Temple, of, the, Heng, Mountain, Then, Lodging, in, the, Mountain, Temple, Inscribing, on, the, Gate, Tower

韩愈

Han Yu

纪行Theme 咏怀memory

五岳祭秩皆三公，四方环镇嵩当中。
火维地荒足妖怪，天假神柄专其雄。
喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷。
我来正逢秋雨节，阴气晦昧无清风。
潜心默祷若有应，岂非正直能感通。
须臾静扫众峰出，仰见突兀撑青空。
紫盖连延接天柱，石廪腾掷堆祝融。
森然魄动下马拜，松柏一径趋灵宫。
粉墙丹柱动光彩，鬼物图画填青红。
升阶伛偻荐脯酒，欲以菲薄明其衷。
庙令老人识神意，睢盱侦伺能鞠躬。
手持杯珓导我掷，云此最吉余难同。
窜逐蛮荒幸不死，衣食才足甘长终。
侯王将相望久绝，神纵欲福难为功。
夜投佛寺上高阁，星月掩映云朣胧。
猿鸣钟动不知曙，杲杲寒日生于东。

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Meaning

A poem of the mountain and the worship, written by Han Yu. The five sacred mountains in the rank of the sacrifices all the Three Dukes, the four directions the surrounding the guardian the Song in the center — the mountain of the opening. Spouting the clouds discharging the mist hiding the half of the belly, although there is the topmost peak who can reach it to the end — the height of the middle. I came just meeting the season of the autumn rain, the yin air dim and obscure without the clear wind — the weather of the middle. And the close's the apes crying the bells moving not knowing the dawn, the bright and the bright the cold sun rising at the east — the close's dawn. The poem is the mountain and the worship: the peaks, the prayer, and the close's dawn.

五岳祭秩皆三公，四方环镇嵩当中。火维地荒足妖怪，天假神柄专其雄。喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷。我来正逢秋雨节，阴气晦昧无清风。潜心默祷若有应，岂非正直能感通。须臾静扫众峰出，仰见突兀撑青空。紫盖连延接天柱，石廪腾掷堆祝融。森然魄动下马拜，松柏一径趋灵宫。粉墙丹柱动光彩，鬼物图画填青红。升阶伛偻荐脯酒，欲以菲薄明其衷。庙令老人识神意，睢盱侦伺能鞠躬。手持杯珓导我掷，云此最吉余难同。窜逐蛮荒幸不死，衣食才足甘长终。侯王将相望久绝，神纵欲福难为功。夜投佛寺上高阁，星月掩映云朣胧。猿鸣钟动不知曙，杲杲寒日生于东。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, five, sacred, mountains, in, the, rank, of, the, sacrifices, all, the, Three, Dukes, the, four, directions, the, surrounding, the, guardian, the, Song, in, the, center. The, corner, of, the, fire, the, wild, enough, of, the, monsters, and, the, demons, the, heaven, granting, the, divine, power, exclusively, its, majesty. Spouting, the, clouds, discharging, the, mist, hiding, the, half, of, the, belly, although, there, is, the, topmost, peak, who, can, reach, it, to, the, end. I, came, just, meeting, the, season, of, the, autumn, rain, the, yin, air, dim, and, obscure, without, the, clear, wind. With, the, whole, heart, the, silent, prayer, if, there, is, the, response, could, it, not, be, the, upright, and, the, straight, can, touch, the, spirits. In, a, moment, the, quietly, sweeping, the, peaks, all, emerging, looking, up, seeing, the, protruding, standing, propping, the, blue, sky. The, Purple, Canopy, stretching, and, connecting, receiving, the, Heaven's, Pillar, the, Stone, Granary, leaping, and, hurling, piling, the, Zhurong. Dense, and, dense, the, soul, stirred, I, dismount, and, bow, the, pine, and, the, cypress, one, path, leading, to, the, spirit, hall. The, whitewashed, walls, the, vermilion, pillars, moving, the, light, and, the, color, the, figures, of, the, ghosts, and, the, things, painted, filling, the, green, and, the, red. Climbing, the, steps, stooping, and, bending, offering, the, dried, meat, and, the, wine, wishing, with, the, poor, and, the, plain, to, make, clear, the, sincere, heart. The, old, keeper, of, the, temple, knowing, the, intent, of, the, god, peering, and, staring, spying, and, watching, able, to, bow, low. Holding, in, the, hand, the, divining, blocks, guiding, me, to, cast, saying, this, most, auspicious, the, rest, hard, to, compare. Driven, and, exiled, to, the, wild, and, the, barbarian, land, luckily, not, dead, the, clothes, and, the, food, only, enough, willing, the, long, end, to, live. The, marquises, the, kings, the, generals, the, ministers, long, hoped, in, vain, the, god, although, wishes, to, bless, hard, to, make, the, merit. In, the, night, lodging, in, the, Buddhist, temple, climbing, the, high, tower, the, stars, and, the, moon, dim, and, covered, the, clouds, thick, and, dim. The, apes, crying, the, bells, moving, not, knowing, the, dawn, the, bright, and, the, bright, the, cold, sun, rising, at, the, east. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the mountain of the five sacred peaks with the majesty, through the prayer of the clearing with the peaks emerging, to the close's the dawn of the cold sun. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the dawn: in the night lodging in the Buddhist temple climbing the high tower, and the close's the apes crying the bells moving not knowing the dawn the bright and the bright the cold sun rising at the east — the worship gathered in the night and the close's dawn. [Emotional Tone] Solemn, hopeful, and bright: the poem is the peaks, the prayer and the close's dawn.

【白话串讲】韩愈写《谒衡岳庙遂宿岳寺题门楼》：“五岳祭秩皆三公，四方环镇嵩当中”——“喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷”——他“潜心默祷若有应”——“须臾静扫众峰出”——他拜衡岳庙，天居然放晴了。【意象与手法】此诗写谒庙，以迁谪写谒庙，是韩愈的名篇。前段写衡岳：「五岳祭秩皆三公，四方环镇嵩当中。火维地荒足妖怪，天假神柄专其雄。喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷」写五岳祭秩皆三公、四方环镇嵩当中——写尽天假神柄的专其雄；中段写祷神：「我来正逢秋雨节，阴气晦昧无清风。潜心默祷若有应，岂非正直能感通。须臾静扫众峰出，仰见突兀撑青空。紫盖连延接天柱，石廪腾掷堆祝融。森然魄动下马拜，松柏一径趋灵宫。粉墙丹柱动光彩，鬼物图画填青红。升阶伛偻荐脯酒，欲以菲薄明其衷。庙令老人识神意，睢盱侦伺能鞠躬。手持杯珓导我掷，云此最吉余难同」写我来正逢秋雨节、阴气晦昧无清风——写尽仰见突兀撑的青空；后段写宿寺：「窜逐蛮荒幸不死，衣食才足甘长终。侯王将相望久绝，神纵欲福难为功。夜投佛寺上高阁，星月掩映云朣胧。猿鸣钟动不知曙，杲杲寒日生于东」写窜逐蛮荒幸不死、衣食才足甘长终——写尽杲杲寒日生之东。全诗以迁谪写谒庙，写尽天假神柄的专其雄与杲杲寒日生之东，是韩愈的代表作。【情感与主旨】此诗写谒庙，以迁谪写谒庙，是韩愈的名篇。此诗为韩愈贬阳山遇赦后、量移江陵途经衡山时，谒衡岳庙之作，写其祷神自解之情。韩愈此次谒庙，正值其迁谪之后，此诗写其借祷神以抒怀。此诗写五岳祭秩皆三公，四方环镇嵩当中；火维地荒足妖怪，天假神柄专其雄；喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷；我来正逢秋雨节，阴气晦昧无清风；潜心默祷若有应，岂非正直能感通；须臾静扫众峰出，仰见突兀撑青空；紫盖连延接天柱，石廪腾掷堆祝融；森然魄动下马拜，松柏一径趋灵宫；粉墙丹柱动光彩，鬼物图画填青红；升阶伛偻荐脯酒，欲以菲薄明其衷；庙令老人识神意，睢盱侦伺能鞠躬；手持杯珓导我掷，云此最吉余难同；窜逐蛮荒幸不死，衣食才足甘长终；侯王将相望久绝，神纵欲福难为功；夜投佛寺上高阁，星月掩映云朣胧；猿鸣钟动不知曙，杲杲寒日生于东。此诗写衡岳：五岳祭秩皆三公，四方环镇嵩当中——写五岳祭秩皆三公、四方环镇嵩当中，写尽四方环镇的嵩当中；火维地荒足妖怪，天假神柄专其雄——写火维地荒足妖怪、天假神柄专其雄，写尽天假神柄的专其雄；喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷——写喷云泄雾藏半腹、虽有绝顶谁能穷，写尽虽有绝顶的谁能穷。中段写祷神：我来正逢秋雨节，阴气晦昧无清风——写我来正逢秋雨节、阴气晦昧无清风，写尽阴气晦昧的无清风；潜心默祷若有应，岂非正直能感通——写潜心默祷若有应、岂非正直能感通，写尽岂非正直的能感通；须臾静扫众峰出，仰见突兀撑青空——写须臾静扫众峰出、仰见突兀撑青空，写尽仰见突兀撑的青空；紫盖连延接天柱，石廪腾掷堆祝融——写紫盖连延接天柱、石廪腾掷堆祝融，写尽石廪腾掷的祝融；森然魄动下马拜，松柏一径趋灵宫——写森然魄动下马拜、松柏一径趋灵宫，写尽松柏一径的灵宫；粉墙丹柱动光彩，鬼物图画填青红——写粉墙丹柱动光彩、鬼物图画填青红，写尽鬼物图画填的青红；升阶伛偻荐脯酒，欲以菲薄明其衷——写升阶伛偻荐脯酒、欲以菲薄明其衷，写尽欲以菲薄明其衷；庙令老人识神意，睢盱侦伺能鞠躬——写庙令老人识神意、睢盱侦伺能鞠躬，写尽睢盱侦伺的能鞠躬；手持杯珓导我掷，云此最吉余难同——写手持杯珓导我掷、云此最吉余难同，写尽云此最吉的难同。后段写宿寺：窜逐蛮荒幸不死，衣食才足甘长终——写窜逐蛮荒幸不死、衣食才足甘长终，写尽衣食才足甘的长终；侯王将相望久绝，神纵欲福难为功——写侯王将相望久绝、神纵欲福难为功，写尽神纵欲福的难为功；夜投佛寺上高阁，星月掩映云朣胧——写夜投佛寺上高阁、星月掩映云朣胧，写尽星月掩映的云朣胧；猿鸣钟动不知曙，杲杲寒日生于东——写猿鸣钟动不知曙、杲杲寒日生于东，写尽杲杲寒日生之东。全诗以迁谪写谒庙——那「天假神柄专其雄」写尽天假神柄的专其雄，「杲杲寒日生于东」写尽杲杲寒日生之东，写尽天假神柄的专其雄与杲杲寒日生之东，是理解韩愈谒庙诗的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷」写虽有绝顶的谁能穷；「侯王将相望久绝，神纵欲福难为功」写神纵欲福的难为功；以及全诗以迁谪写谒庙、以叙事写谒庙的手法。

Background

Han Yu (768-824), the great poet of the Tang, wrote this 'Visiting, the, Temple, of, the, Heng, Mountain' of the mountain and the worship — the visit of the exile to the sacred mountain. The majesty of the five sacred peaks, the prayer of the clearing, and the close's the dawn of the cold sun — the poem gathers the hope of the poet, the awe of the god. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the mountains.

此诗写谒庙，以迁谪写谒庙，是韩愈的名篇。韩愈（768—824），字退之，河阳（今河南孟州）人，自谓郡望昌黎，世称「韩昌黎」，唐代文学家、思想家、政治家，「唐宋八大家」之首，古文运动的倡导者，与柳宗元并称「韩柳」。此诗为韩愈贬阳山遇赦后、量移江陵途经衡山时，谒衡岳庙之作，写其祷神自解之情。韩愈此次谒庙，正值其迁谪之后，此诗写其借祷神以抒怀。此诗写五岳祭秩皆三公，四方环镇嵩当中；火维地荒足妖怪，天假神柄专其雄；喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷；我来正逢秋雨节，阴气晦昧无清风；潜心默祷若有应，岂非正直能感通；须臾静扫众峰出，仰见突兀撑青空；紫盖连延接天柱，石廪腾掷堆祝融；森然魄动下马拜，松柏一径趋灵宫；粉墙丹柱动光彩，鬼物图画填青红；升阶伛偻荐脯酒，欲以菲薄明其衷；庙令老人识神意，睢盱侦伺能鞠躬；手持杯珓导我掷，云此最吉余难同；窜逐蛮荒幸不死，衣食才足甘长终；侯王将相望久绝，神纵欲福难为功；夜投佛寺上高阁，星月掩映云朣胧；猿鸣钟动不知曙，杲杲寒日生于东。此诗写衡岳：「五岳祭秩皆三公，四方环镇嵩当中」写五岳祭秩皆三公、四方环镇嵩当中——写尽四方环镇的嵩当中（五岳祭秩皆三公，四方环镇嵩当中）；「火维地荒足妖怪，天假神柄专其雄」写火维地荒足妖怪、天假神柄专其雄——写尽天假神柄的专其雄（火维地荒足妖怪，天假神柄专其雄）；「喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷」写喷云泄雾藏半腹、虽有绝顶谁能穷——写尽虽有绝顶的谁能穷（喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷）。中段写祷神：「我来正逢秋雨节，阴气晦昧无清风」写我来正逢秋雨节、阴气晦昧无清风——写尽阴气晦昧的无清风（我来正逢秋雨节，阴气晦昧无清风）；「潜心默祷若有应，岂非正直能感通」写潜心默祷若有应、岂非正直能感通——写尽岂非正直的能感通（潜心默祷若有应，岂非正直能感通）；「须臾静扫众峰出，仰见突兀撑青空」写须臾静扫众峰出、仰见突兀撑青空——写尽仰见突兀撑的青空（须臾静扫众峰出，仰见突兀撑青空）；「紫盖连延接天柱，石廪腾掷堆祝融」写紫盖连延接天柱、石廪腾掷堆祝融——写尽石廪腾掷的祝融（紫盖连延接天柱，石廪腾掷堆祝融）；「森然魄动下马拜，松柏一径趋灵宫」写森然魄动下马拜、松柏一径趋灵宫——写尽松柏一径的灵宫（森然魄动下马拜，松柏一径趋灵宫）；「粉墙丹柱动光彩，鬼物图画填青红」写粉墙丹柱动光彩、鬼物图画填青红——写尽鬼物图画填的青红（粉墙丹柱动光彩，鬼物图画填青红）；「升阶伛偻荐脯酒，欲以菲薄明其衷」写升阶伛偻荐脯酒、欲以菲薄明其衷——写尽欲以菲薄明其衷（升阶伛偻荐脯酒，欲以菲薄明其衷）；「庙令老人识神意，睢盱侦伺能鞠躬」写庙令老人识神意、睢盱侦伺能鞠躬——写尽睢盱侦伺的能鞠躬（庙令老人识神意，睢盱侦伺能鞠躬）；「手持杯珓导我掷，云此最吉余难同」写手持杯珓导我掷、云此最吉余难同——写尽云此最吉的难同（手持杯珓导我掷，云此最吉余难同）。后段写宿寺：「窜逐蛮荒幸不死，衣食才足甘长终」写窜逐蛮荒幸不死、衣食才足甘长终——写尽衣食才足甘的长终（窜逐蛮荒幸不死，衣食才足甘长终）；「侯王将相望久绝，神纵欲福难为功」写侯王将相望久绝、神纵欲福难为功——写尽神纵欲福的难为功（侯王将相望久绝，神纵欲福难为功）；「夜投佛寺上高阁，星月掩映云朣胧」写夜投佛寺上高阁、星月掩映云朣胧——写尽星月掩映的云朣胧（夜投佛寺上高阁，星月掩映云朣胧）；「猿鸣钟动不知曙，杲杲寒日生于东」写猿鸣钟动不知曙、杲杲寒日生于东——写尽杲杲寒日生之东（猿鸣钟动不知曙，杲杲寒日生于东）。全诗以迁谪写谒庙，写尽天假神柄的专其雄与杲杲寒日生之东，是理解韩愈谒庙诗的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the dawn. The mountain opens: the, five, sacred, mountains, in, the, rank, of, the, sacrifices, all, the, Three, Dukes — the five sacred mountains of the Three Dukes; the, four, directions, the, surrounding, the, guardian, the, Song, in, the, center — the Song of the center; the, corner, of, the, fire, the, wild, enough, of, the, monsters, and, the, demons — the corner of the fire; the, heaven, granting, the, divine, power, exclusively, its, majesty — the majesty of the divine power; spouting, the, clouds, discharging, the, mist, hiding, the, half, of, the, belly — the mist of the spouting; although, there, is, the, topmost, peak, who, can, reach, it, to, the, end — the topmost peak of the reach. The prayer follows: I, came, just, meeting, the, season, of, the, autumn, rain — the autumn rain of the coming; the, yin, air, dim, and, obscure, without, the, clear, wind — the yin air of the dim; with, the, whole, heart, the, silent, prayer, if, there, is, the, response — the silent prayer of the response; could, it, not, be, the, upright, and, the, straight, can, touch, the, spirits — the upright of the touching; in, a, moment, the, quietly, sweeping, the, peaks, all, emerging — the peaks of the emerging; looking, up, seeing, the, protruding, standing, propping, the, blue, sky — the blue sky of the propping; the, Purple, Canopy, stretching, and, connecting, receiving, the, Heaven's, Pillar — the Purple Canopy of the stretching; the, Stone, Granary, leaping, and, hurling, piling, the, Zhurong — the Stone Granary of the piling. The worship follows: dense, and, dense, the, soul, stirred, I, dismount, and, bow — the soul of the stirred; the, pine, and, the, cypress, one, path, leading, to, the, spirit, hall — the pine and the cypress of the spirit hall; the, whitewashed, walls, the, vermilion, pillars, moving, the, light, and, the, color — the vermilion pillars of the color; the, figures, of, the, ghosts, and, the, things, painted, filling, the, green, and, the, red — the ghosts and the things of the painted; climbing, the, steps, stooping, and, bending, offering, the, dried, meat, and, the, wine — the dried meat of the offering; wishing, with, the, poor, and, the, plain, to, make, clear, the, sincere, heart — the sincere heart of the making clear; the, old, keeper, of, the, temple, knowing, the, intent, of, the, god — the old keeper of the intent; peering, and, staring, spying, and, watching, able, to, bow, low — the bowing of the watching; holding, in, the, hand, the, divining, blocks, guiding, me, to, cast — the divining blocks of the guiding; saying, this, most, auspicious, the, rest, hard, to, compare — the auspicious of the saying; driven, and, exiled, to, the, wild, and, the, barbarian, land, luckily, not, dead — the exiled of the not dead; the, clothes, and, the, food, only, enough, willing, the, long, end, to, live — the long end of the willing; the, marquises, the, kings, the, generals, the, ministers, long, hoped, in, vain — the marquises of the hoped in vain; the, god, although, wishes, to, bless, hard, to, make, the, merit — the god of the wishes to bless. And the close gathers the dawn: in, the, night, lodging, in, the, Buddhist, temple, climbing, the, high, tower — the high tower of the lodging; the, stars, and, the, moon, dim, and, covered, the, clouds, thick, and, dim — the stars and the moon of the dim; the, apes, crying, the, bells, moving, not, knowing, the, dawn — the apes of the crying; the, bright, and, the, bright, the, cold, sun, rising, at, the, east — the cold sun of the rising — the mountain, the prayer and the close's dawn, gathered in the poem.

此诗的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以铺陈写衡岳。「五岳祭秩皆三公」以铺陈写衡岳——那「天假神柄专其雄」写尽天假神柄的专其雄，以铺陈写尽天假神柄的专其雄。其二，以写景写祷神。「须臾静扫众峰出」以写景写祷神——那「仰见突兀撑青空」写尽仰见突兀撑的青空，以写景写尽仰见突兀撑的青空。其三，以叙事写谒庙。「升阶伛偻荐脯酒」以叙事写谒庙——那「欲以菲薄明其衷」写尽欲以菲薄明其衷，以叙事写尽手持杯珓的导我掷。其四，以议论写自解。「侯王将相望久绝」以议论写自解——那「神纵欲福难为功」写尽神纵欲福的难为功，以议论写尽神纵欲福的难为功。此外，此诗前写天假神柄的专其雄，后写杲杲寒日生之东，由庙及己，正是谒庙诗「以神写怀」的写法。四重手法，使此诗以迁谪写谒庙，写尽天假神柄的专其雄与杲杲寒日生之东，是韩愈的代表作。又，此诗章法极整：起笔以「五岳祭秩皆三公」高唱入云，次写衡岳之雄（喷云泄雾、紫盖天柱），再写祷神之应（默祷感通、众峰现出），后写卜吉自解（杯珓最吉、侯王望绝），末以「杲杲寒日生于东」景结收束，一路写来有开有合、有详有略，正是韩愈「以文为诗」而仍不失诗之韵致的代表作。

Allusions

'The five sacred mountains' (wu yue) are the five sacred mountains — the mountains of the five, the sacrifices of the opening; 'the Purple Canopy' (zi gai) is the Purple Canopy — the peak of the Purple Canopy, the stretching of the middle; 'the Heaven's Pillar' (tian zhu) is the Heaven's Pillar — the peak of the Heaven's Pillar, the receiving of the middle; 'the Zhurong' (zhu rong) is the Zhurong — the peak of the Zhurong, the piling of the middle; 'the divining blocks' (jiao) are the divining blocks — the blocks of the divining, the casting of the middle.

此诗的用语深植于谒庙与迁谪传统。「五岳」令人想到「五岳」写五岳的意象——也令人想到「五岳寻仙不辞远」（李白）的意象；「祭秩」令人想到「祭秩」写祭品的意象——也令人想到「祭秩三公」的意象；「三公」令人想到「三公」写三公的意象——也令人想到「位列三公」的意象；「火维」令人想到「火维」写南方的意象——也令人想到「火维地荒」的意象；「神柄」令人想到「神柄」写神权的意象——也令人想到「天假神柄」的意象；「喷云泄雾」令人想到「喷云泄雾」写云气的意象——也令人想到「喷薄而出」的意象；「绝顶」令人想到「绝顶」写绝顶的意象——也令人想到「会当凌绝顶」（杜甫）的意象；「晦昧」令人想到「晦昧」写晦暗的意象——也令人想到「阴气晦昧」的意象；「默祷」令人想到「默祷」写默祷的意象——也令人想到「默默祷祝」的意象；「感通」令人想到「感通」写感应的意象——也令人想到「精诚感通」的意象；「突兀」令人想到「突兀」写高耸的意象——也令人想到「突兀峥嵘」的意象；「紫盖」「天柱」「石廪」「祝融」令人想到「紫盖」「天柱」「石廪」「祝融」写衡山诸峰的意象——也令人想到「衡山四峰」的意象；「灵宫」令人想到「灵宫」写神庙的意象——也令人想到「神灵之宫」的意象；「杯珓」令人想到「杯珓」写卜具的意象——也令人想到「掷杯珓」的意象；「窜逐」令人想到「窜逐」写流放的意象——也令人想到「窜逐蛮荒」的意象；「蛮荒」令人想到「蛮荒」写南荒的意象——也令人想到「南荒之地」的意象；「侯王将相」令人想到「侯王将相」写王侯的意象——也令人想到「王侯将相宁有种乎」的意象；「朣胧」令人想到「朣胧」写微明的意象——也令人想到「云朣胧」的意象；「杲杲」令人想到「杲杲」写日出的意象——《诗经》「其雨其雨，杲杲出日」，也令人想到「杲杲寒日」的意象。全诗化用五岳、祭秩、三公、火维、神柄、喷云泄雾、绝顶、晦昧、默祷、感通、突兀、紫盖、天柱、石廪、祝融、灵宫、杯珓、窜逐、蛮荒、侯王将相、朣胧、杲杲的意象典故，以迁谪写谒庙，正是韩愈「雄奇」而善铺陈、承谒庙传统写迁谪之本领。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Han Yu's poems of the mountains, quoted for the majesty of its opening and the hope of its close. The peaks of the emerging, and the cold sun of the rising, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's hope: the worship gathered in the prayer, to the close's dawn.

此诗历来被推为韩愈谒庙诗的名篇，也是唐诗写谒衡岳庙的代表。历代论者对此诗评价极高：清人评此诗「以迁谪写谒庙，雄奇磊落」；近人更指出「喷云泄雾藏半腹，虽有绝顶谁能穷」写虽有绝顶的谁能穷，是此诗的名句。在诗歌史上，此诗的特殊价值在于：它以长篇写尽天假神柄的专其雄与杲杲寒日生之东——那五岳，那祭秩，那皆三公，那四方，那环镇，那嵩当中，那火维，那地荒，那足妖怪，那天假，那神柄，那专其雄，那喷云，那泄雾，那藏半腹，那虽有绝顶，那谁能穷，那我来，那正逢秋雨节，那阴气，那晦昧，那无清风，那潜心，那默祷，那若有应，那岂非正直，那能感通，那须臾，那静扫众峰出，那仰见突兀，那撑青空，那紫盖，那连延，那接天柱，那石廪，那腾掷，那堆祝融，那森然，那魄动，那下马拜，那松柏一径，那趋灵宫，那粉墙，那丹柱，那动光彩，那鬼物图画，那填青红，那升阶，那伛偻，那荐脯酒，那欲以菲薄，那明其衷，那庙令老人，那识神意，那睢盱，那侦伺，那能鞠躬，那手持杯珓，那导我掷，那云此最吉，那余难同，那窜逐，那蛮荒，那幸不死，那衣食才足，那甘长终，那侯王将相，那望久绝，那神纵欲福，那难为功，那夜投佛寺，那上高阁，那星月，那掩映，那云朣胧，那猿鸣，那钟动，那不知曙，那杲杲寒日，那生于东，都写尽了韩愈笔下的谒衡岳庙遂宿岳寺题门楼；那「杲杲寒日生于东」更以景结写尽杲杲寒日生之东。此诗与韩愈《八月十五夜赠张功曹》「君歌声酸辞且苦」同为迁谪名篇，一写「人生由命非由他」的赠张功曹，一写「神纵欲福难为功」的谒衡岳庙；一写夜饮，一写谒庙。两诗对读，可见韩愈迁谪诗的两面。对于今日读者，此诗是理解韩愈谒庙诗的窗口，也是唐诗写谒衡岳庙的经典——那杲杲寒日生之东，穿越千年，仍在诉说着天假神柄的专其雄。

Prosody

Form An old poem of the worship (qi yan gu shi)七言古诗

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the old poem that carries the solemn hope.全诗押「中」「雄」「穷」「风」「通」「空」「融」「宫」「红」「衷」「躬」「同」「终」「功」「胧」「东」等字，多次换韵

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the dawn: the level opening with the mountain, the turning with the prayer, and the close's fall with the sun.此诗为七言古诗，多次换韵，音节跌宕，正合谒庙的跌宕。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its hope: the cadences of the old poem, and the close — 'gao gao han ri sheng yu dong' — falls with the east, the sound of the hope of the worship poet.此诗为七言古诗——「五岳祭秩皆三公，四方环镇嵩当中。……猿鸣钟动不知曙，杲杲寒日生于东」，多次换韵，音节跌宕。全诗以迁谪写谒庙：前写天假神柄的专其雄（五岳祭秩皆三公、喷云泄雾藏半腹），中写仰见突兀撑的青空（须臾静扫众峰出、紫盖连延接天柱），后写杲杲寒日生之东（窜逐蛮荒幸不死、夜投佛寺上高阁）。长篇铺叙，前写衡岳，中写祷神，后写自解，以「杲杲寒日生于东」写尽杲杲寒日生之东，正见韩愈「雄奇」的本色。诵读此诗，宜以雄奇的语调读「天假神柄专其雄」的衡岳，以旷达的语调读「衣食才足甘长终」的自解，结句要读得雄奇而有余韵，方能传达出韩愈的雄奇磊落。韩愈古诗以「雄奇」著称，此诗正是其谒庙诗的典范。

Line by line

须臾静扫众峰出，仰见突兀撑青空

In a moment the clouds are quietly swept aside, and all the peaks stand forth; looking up, I see the crags propping the blue sky.

须臾静扫众峰出，仰见突兀撑青空。

Swiftly the mists part and the peaks emerge; looking up, I see the sheer summits bracing the azure sky.

此二句是全诗写祷神的核心，以须臾静扫众峰出写众峰出，以仰见突兀撑青空写撑青空，写尽仰见突兀撑的青空，是千古名句。「须臾静扫众峰出」写须臾静扫众峰出——那「须臾静扫」写须臾静扫，「众峰出」写众峰出，写尽须臾静扫的众峰出；「仰见突兀撑青空」写仰见突兀撑青空——那「仰见突兀」写仰见突兀，「撑青空」写撑青空，写尽仰见突兀的撑青空。这句的深意在于：它以「须臾静扫众峰出」的众峰出与「仰见突兀撑青空」的撑青空，写尽仰见突兀撑的青空——须臾静扫众峰出，那「须臾静扫众峰出」写尽须臾静扫的众峰出——须臾静扫众峰出，正是云散峰出的写照，那「众峰出」写尽仰见突兀撑的青空；仰见突兀撑青空，那「仰见突兀撑青空」写尽仰见突兀的撑青空——仰见突兀撑青空，正是高峰撑天的写照，那「撑青空」写尽仰见突兀撑的青空；那「须臾静扫众峰出」写尽须臾静扫的众峰出，那「仰见突兀撑青空」写尽仰见突兀的撑青空，一写众峰出，一写撑青空，写尽仰见突兀撑的青空——云散峰出而高峰撑天，正是衡岳的写照；此二句以众峰出、撑青空写尽仰见突兀撑的青空，也为下文的祝融作铺垫，也让此二句成为全诗写祷神的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「一会儿云散众峰现出，抬头看见高峰撑住青空」，则失其雄奇；唯以「须臾静扫众峰出」写众峰出、「仰见突兀撑青空」写撑青空，写尽仰见突兀撑的青空，也让此二句成为全诗写祷神的核心。

These lines are the prayer-heart of the poem, the clouds swept aside and the peaks propping the sky. 'In a moment, quietly swept, all peaks stand forth' writes the sudden clearing on the sacred Mount Heng, as though the prayer had dispersed the clouds. 'Looking up, the sheer crags prop the blue sky' gives the peaks their vertical force—mountains that hold up the heavens. The verbs 'swept' and 'prop' animate both cloud and mountain in Han Yu's rugged style. If stated as 'the clouds cleared and the peaks showed,' the grandeur would vanish; only through the 'quiet sweep' and the 'propping of the sky' does the sacred mountain become sublime.

窜逐蛮荒幸不死，衣食才足甘长终

Driven into the wilds, I was fortunate to survive; with food and clothes barely enough, I am content to end my days.

窜逐蛮荒幸不死，衣食才足甘长终。

Banished to the wilds, I luckily escaped death; with barely enough food and clothes, I am willing to end my years here.

此二句是全诗写自解的核心，以窜逐蛮荒幸不死写幸不死，以衣食才足甘长终写甘长终，写尽衣食才足甘的长终，是千古名句。「窜逐蛮荒幸不死」写窜逐蛮荒幸不死——那「窜逐蛮荒」写窜逐蛮荒，「幸不死」写幸不死，写尽窜逐蛮荒的幸不死；「衣食才足甘长终」写衣食才足甘长终——那「衣食才足」写衣食才足，「甘长终」写甘长终，写尽衣食才足的甘长终。这句的深意在于：它以「窜逐蛮荒幸不死」的幸不死与「衣食才足甘长终」的甘长终，写尽衣食才足甘的长终——窜逐蛮荒幸不死，那「窜逐蛮荒幸不死」写尽窜逐蛮荒的幸不死——窜逐蛮荒幸不死，正是南迁幸存的写照，那「幸不死」写尽衣食才足甘的长终；衣食才足甘长终，那「衣食才足甘长终」写尽衣食才足的甘长终——衣食才足甘长终，正是安贫守拙的写照，那「甘长终」写尽衣食才足甘的长终；那「窜逐蛮荒幸不死」写尽窜逐蛮荒的幸不死，那「衣食才足甘长终」写尽衣食才足的甘长终，一写幸不死，一写甘长终，写尽衣食才足甘的长终——南迁幸存而安贫自足，正是自解的写照；此二句以幸不死、甘长终写尽衣食才足甘的长终，也为下文的侯王作铺垫，也让此二句成为全诗写自解的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「被放逐到蛮荒侥幸不死，衣食刚够就甘心终老」，则失其旷达；唯以「窜逐蛮荒幸不死」写幸不死、「衣食才足甘长终」写甘长终，写尽衣食才足甘的长终，也让此二句成为全诗写自解的核心。

These lines are the self-consolation heart of the poem, exiled yet lucky to live, content with enough. 'Driven into the wilds, lucky not to die' recounts Han Yu's near-fatal demotion to the south; 'food and clothes barely enough, content to end my days' resolves it—with sufficiency, he will spend his life in peace. The 'lucky' and 'content' are at once resignation and defiance, the rugged poet making peace with exile. If stated as 'I survived exile and accept poverty,' the ease would fade; only through 'lucky not to die' and 'content to end' does the consolation become hard-won.

Study

Word focus

撑 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「仰见突兀撑青空」之「撑」字是写祷神关键词，一个「撑」字写尽仰见突兀的撑青空。撑者，支撑、撑托也。韩愈以「仰见突兀撑青空」写祷神，这个「撑」字至少有双重意味：其一，写峰之撑——那「仰见突兀撑青空」写仰见突兀撑青空，那「撑」字写尽仰见突兀的撑青空——撑青空，正是高峰撑天的写照，那「撑」字写尽仰见突兀的撑青空；其二，写势之雄——那「撑」字更是写雄——撑，正见峰势雄奇的意味，那「撑」字写尽韩愈的惊叹。以「撑」字写祷神，正是韩愈写谒庙的枢纽——若换作「立」「耸」等字，则或失其与「仰见突兀撑青空」「须臾静扫众峰出」的配合，或失其写撑的意味；唯「撑」字，以仰见突兀撑青空写尽高峰之撑天与山势之雄奇，与「须臾静扫众峰出」的众峰出相合，写尽仰见突兀的撑青空，也让「仰见突兀撑青空」成为全诗写祷神的名句。

甘 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「衣食才足甘长终」之「甘」字是写自解关键词，一个「甘」字写尽衣食才足的甘长终。甘者，甘愿、甘心也。韩愈以「衣食才足甘长终」写自解，这个「甘」字至少有双重意味：其一，写甘之愿——那「衣食才足甘长终」写衣食才足甘长终，那「甘」字写尽衣食才足的甘长终——甘长终，正是甘愿终老的写照，那「甘」字写尽衣食才足的甘长终；其二，写心之安——那「甘」字更是写安——甘，正见安于淡泊的意味，那「甘」字写尽韩愈的旷达。以「甘」字写自解，正是韩愈写谒庙的枢纽——若换作「愿」「乐」等字，则或失其与「衣食才足甘长终」「窜逐蛮荒幸不死」的配合，或失其写甘的意味；唯「甘」字，以衣食才足甘长终写尽安贫之自足与淡泊之坦然，与「窜逐蛮荒幸不死」的幸不死相合，写尽衣食才足的甘长终，也让「衣食才足甘长终」成为全诗写自解的名句。