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宋 Song · 诗 Poem

小园

The, Little, Garden

陆游

Lu You

田园Pastoral life 闲适Leisure

小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜。
卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜。

The, little, garden, the, smoke, and, the, grass, joining, the, neighbor, homes,
The, mulberries, and, the, catalpas, dark, and, dark, a, single, path, slanting.
Lying, reading, the, poems, of, the, Tao, not, yet, finishing, the, scroll,
Again, riding, the, fine, rain, to, go, and, hoe, the, melons.

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Meaning

A poem of the garden and the leisure, written by Lu You. The little garden the smoke and the grass joining the neighbor homes, the mulberries and the catalpas dark and dark a single path slanting — the garden of the opening. Lying reading the poems of the Tao not yet finishing the scroll, again riding the fine rain to go and hoe the melons — the leisure of the close. The poem is the garden and the leisure: the smoke, the path, and the close's hoeing.

小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜。卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, little, garden, the, smoke, and, the, grass, joining, the, neighbor, homes, the, mulberries, and, the, catalpas, dark, and, dark, a, single, path, slanting. Lying, reading, the, poems, of, the, Tao, not, yet, finishing, the, scroll, again, riding, the, fine, rain, to, go, and, hoe, the, melons. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the garden of the smoke and the grass with the path slanting, through the reading of the poems of the Tao, to the close's the hoeing of the melons. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the leisure: lying reading the poems of the Tao not yet finishing the scroll, and the close's again riding the fine rain to go and hoe the melons — the garden gathered in the reading and the close's hoeing. [Emotional Tone] Quiet, leisurely, and content: the poem is the smoke, the path and the close's hoeing.

【白话串讲】陆游写《小园》：“小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜”——“卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜”——他卧读陶诗没读完，又冒雨去锄瓜——他写田园的闲适。【意象与手法】此诗写小园闲适，以田园写闲情，是陆游的名篇。前二句写小园：「小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜」写小园烟草接邻家、桑柘阴阴一径斜——写尽小园的景致；后二句写闲情：「卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜」写卧读陶诗未终卷、又乘微雨去锄瓜——写尽小园的闲情。全诗以田园写闲情，写尽小园闲适，是陆游的代表作。【情感与主旨】此诗写小园闲适，以田园写闲情，是陆游的名篇。此诗写诗人晚年隐居山阴时的小园生活。此诗写小园：小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜——写小园烟草接邻家、桑柘阴阴一径斜，写尽小园的景致；卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜——写卧读陶诗未终卷、又乘微雨去锄瓜，写尽小园的闲情。全诗以田园写闲情——那「小园烟草接邻家」写尽小园的景致，「卧读陶诗未终卷」写尽读陶的闲情，写尽小园闲适，是理解陆游田园诗的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜」写小园的景致；「卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜」写小园的闲情；以及全诗以田园写闲情、以用典写闲适的手法。

Background

Lu You (1125-1210), the great poet of the Southern Song, wrote this 'The, Little, Garden' of the garden and the leisure — the contentment of the rural life. The smoke and the grass with the path slanting, the reading of the poems of the Tao, and the close's the hoeing of the melons — the poem gathers the contentment of the poet, the peace of the country. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the garden.

此诗写小园闲适，以田园写闲情，是陆游的名篇。陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋伟大的爱国诗人。陆游一生力主抗金，壮志难酬，晚年退居山阴，躬耕田园，写了许多田园闲适之作，此诗即其一。此诗写诗人晚年隐居山阴时的小园生活：「小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜」写小园烟草接邻家、桑柘阴阴一径斜——写尽小园的景致（小园烟草萋萋，接连邻家；桑柘阴阴，一条小径斜斜）；「卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜」写卧读陶诗未终卷、又乘微雨去锄瓜——写尽小园的闲情（卧读陶诗尚未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜）。陶诗即陶渊明之诗，陆游卧读陶诗，正见其对陶渊明归隐田园的向往。全诗以田园写闲情，写尽小园闲适，是理解陆游田园诗的重要篇章。还应联系陆游的晚年心境来读：陆游毕生以收复中原为志，然壮志难酬，晚年退居山阴，遂将报国之心化作田园之趣。此诗写小园闲适，看似超然物外，实则暗含英雄失路的无奈——那「卧读陶诗」是对陶渊明归隐的向往，也是对自己一生戎马无成的自嘲；那「乘雨锄瓜」的闲适，正是壮志难酬后的自我安顿。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the leisure. The garden opens: the, little, garden, the, smoke, and, the, grass, joining, the, neighbor, homes — the smoke and the grass of the neighbor homes; the, mulberries, and, the, catalpas, dark, and, dark, a, single, path, slanting — the path of the mulberries and the catalpas. The leisure follows: lying, reading, the, poems, of, the, Tao, not, yet, finishing, the, scroll — the poems of the Tao of the reading; again, riding, the, fine, rain, to, go, and, hoe, the, melons — the hoeing of the melons of the fine rain — the garden, the reading and the close's leisure, gathered in the poem.

此诗的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以写景写小园。「小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜」以写景写小园——那「烟草接邻家」写尽小园的连陌、「桑柘阴阴一径斜」写尽小园的幽静，以写景写尽小园的景致。其二，以用典写闲情。「卧读陶诗未终卷」以用典写闲情——那「陶诗」用陶渊明田园诗之典，以用典写尽对陶渊明的向往。其三，以细节写闲适。「卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜」以细节写闲适——那「卧读未终卷」「乘微雨锄瓜」写尽卧读锄瓜的自在，以细节写尽小园的闲情。其四，以转折写生活。「又乘微雨去锄瓜」以转折写生活——那「又」写尽读罢又锄的转换，以转折写尽田园生活的自在。此外，此诗前二句写景、后二句写人，由景及人，正是绝句「先景后情」的写法；而那「卧读陶诗」与「乘雨锄瓜」的一静一动，更写尽闲适生活中的雅趣。四重手法，使此诗以田园写闲情，写尽小园闲适，是陆游的代表作。

Allusions

'The smoke and the grass' (yan cao) are the smoke and the grass — the grass of the smoke, the joining of the neighbor homes; 'the poems of the Tao' (tao shi) are the poems of the Tao — the poems of the Tao Yuanming, the reading of the middle; 'the hoeing the melons' (chu gua) is the hoeing the melons — the hoeing of the melons, the leisure of the close.

此诗的用语深植于田园与隐逸的传统。「小园烟草接邻家」令人想到「小园」写小园的意象——「小园烟草接邻家」正是陆游的名句，也令人想到「烟草接邻家」写烟草连邻的意象；「桑柘阴阴一径斜」令人想到「桑柘」写桑树的意象——「桑柘阴阴一径斜」正是陆游的名句，也令人想到「一径斜」写小径斜斜的意象——「竹径通幽」；「卧读陶诗未终卷」令人想到「陶诗」写陶渊明诗的典故——陶渊明《饮酒》「采菊东篱下，悠然见南山」，也令人想到「卧读未终卷」写卧读的意象——「卧读陶诗未终卷」正是陆游的名句；「又乘微雨去锄瓜」令人想到「乘微雨」写乘雨的意象——「又乘微雨去锄瓜」正是陆游的名句，也令人想到「锄瓜」写锄瓜的意象——「昼出耘田夜绩麻」的田园劳作。全诗化用陶诗、微雨、锄瓜的意象，以田园写闲情，正是陆游「清丽自然」而兼善闲适、承陶渊明田园传统写田园生活的本领。更可玩味的是「未终卷」三字：读陶诗而未终卷，并非倦怠，而是兴至而止、任情适性，正合陶渊明「好读书，不求甚解；每有会意，便欣然忘食」的读书态度，可见陆游不仅向往陶渊明的田园，更神契其任真自得的性情。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Lu You's poems of the garden, quoted for the rurality of its opening and the leisure of its close. The path of the mulberries and the catalpas, and the hoeing of the melons in the fine rain, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's leisure: the garden gathered in the reading, to the close's hoeing.

此诗历来被推为陆游田园诗的名篇，也是宋人写小园闲适的代表。历代论者对此诗评价极高：清人评此诗「以田园写闲情，清丽自然」；近人更指出「卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜」写小园的闲情，是此诗的名句。在诗歌史上，此诗的特殊价值在于：它以四句的绝句写尽小园闲适——那小园接邻家的烟草，那桑柘阴阴的一径，那未终卷的陶诗，那乘微雨去锄的瓜，都写尽了陆游笔下的小园生活；那「卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜」更以读陶锄瓜写尽田园的闲情。此诗与陶渊明《归园田居》（「种豆南山下」）同为田园名篇，一写「带月荷锄归」的归园田居（归园田居），一写「乘微雨去锄瓜」的小园（小园）；又与陆游《游山西村》的农村传统一脉相承，可见陆游对田园生活的热爱。对于今日读者，此诗是理解陆游田园诗的窗口，也是中国诗写小园闲适的经典——那阴阴的桑柘，穿越千年，仍在诉说着小园的闲情。

Prosody

Form A quatrain of the garden (qi yan jue ju)诗·七言绝句

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the quatrain that carries the contented leisure.七绝，押「家」「斜」「瓜」韵（下平六麻），一韵到底，音节轻快

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the leisure: the level opening with the garden, the turning with the reading, and the close's fall with the hoeing.此诗为七言绝句，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节轻快，正合田园的轻快。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its leisure: the cadences of the quatrain, and the close — 'you cheng wei yu qu chu gua' — falls with the melons, the sound of the leisure of the garden poet.此诗为七言绝句，四句——「小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜。卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜」，押「麻」韵（家、斜、瓜），一韵到底，音节轻快。全诗以田园写闲情：前二句写小园的景致（小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜），后二句写小园的闲情（卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜）。四句短章，前写景，后写情，以「卧读陶诗」「乘雨锄瓜」写尽小园的闲情，正见陆游「清丽自然」的本色。诵读此诗，宜以轻快的语调读「小园烟草接邻家」的景致，以闲适的语调读「卧读陶诗未终卷」的闲情，结句「又乘微雨去锄瓜」要读得轻快而有余韵，方能传达出陆游的清丽自然。陆游绝句以「清丽自然」著称，此诗正是其田园绝句的典范。

Line by line

卧读陶诗未终卷，又乘微雨去锄瓜

Lying reading Tao's verse, not yet half through the scroll, I take the fine rain and go weed the melons.

卧读陶诗尚未终卷，又乘着微雨去锄瓜。

Lying down to read Tao Yuanming's poems, not having finished the scroll, I go out in the light drizzle to hoe the melons.

此二句是全诗写闲情的核心，以卧读陶诗写雅趣，以乘雨锄瓜写劳作，写尽小园的闲情，是千古名句。「卧读陶诗未终卷」写卧读陶诗尚未终卷——那「卧读陶诗」写卧读陶渊明之诗，「未终卷」写尚未终卷，写尽读陶的雅趣；「又乘微雨去锄瓜」写又乘着微雨去锄瓜——那「又乘微雨」写又乘着微雨，「去锄瓜」写去锄瓜，写尽锄瓜的劳作。这句的深意在于：它以「卧读陶诗未终卷」的读陶与「又乘微雨去锄瓜」的锄瓜，写尽小园的闲情——卧读陶诗尚未终卷，那「卧读陶诗未终卷」写尽读陶的雅趣——卧读陶渊明之诗，正是以陶渊明自况，那「卧读陶诗」写尽对陶渊明的向往；又乘着微雨去锄瓜，那「又乘微雨去锄瓜」写尽锄瓜的劳作——读到一半，又乘微雨去锄瓜，正是田园生活的自在，那「乘微雨去锄瓜」写尽劳作的自在；那「卧读陶诗未终卷」写尽读陶的雅趣，那「又乘微雨去锄瓜」写尽锄瓜的劳作，一写读陶，一写锄瓜，写尽小园的闲情——卧读陶诗是闲雅，乘雨锄瓜是闲趣，一静一动，正是陆游晚年田园生活的写照；此二句以读陶、锄瓜写尽小园的闲情，也让此二句成为全诗写闲情的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「我在小园里读书种地」，则失其雅趣；唯以「卧读陶诗未终卷」写读陶、「又乘微雨去锄瓜」写锄瓜，写尽小园的闲情，也让此二句成为全诗写闲情的核心。

These lines are the heart of the poem's leisured mood, reading Tao for elegance and hoeing melons for labor, writing the ease of the small garden. 'Lying reading Tao's verse' names the poet's self-comparison to Tao Yuanming, the admiration plain; 'not yet half through' fixes the relaxed moment, the scroll unfinished. 'Take the fine rain and go hoe the melons' writes the freedom of rural life—reading halfway, then stepping into the drizzle to the field. One still, one moving, one reading of Tao, one hoeing of melons, together the portrait of Lu You's late pastoral life. If stated directly as 'I read and farm in my garden,' the elegance would vanish; only through the unfinished Tao scroll and the rain-lit melon-hoeing does the small garden's ease become a famous couplet.

小园烟草接邻家，桑柘阴阴一径斜

In the small garden, misty grass runs to the neighbor's door; mulberry and tzu-tree shade a slanting path.

小园烟草萋萋接连邻家，桑柘阴阴一条小径斜斜。

In the small garden, misty grass stretches to the neighboring house; mulberry and tzu trees stand thick with shade over a slanting path.

此二句是全诗写景致的核心，以烟草接邻家写连陌，以桑柘一径斜写幽静，写尽小园的景致，是千古名句。「小园烟草接邻家」写小园烟草萋萋接连邻家——那「小园烟草」写小园的烟草，「接邻家」写接连邻家，写尽小园的连陌；「桑柘阴阴一径斜」写桑柘阴阴一条小径斜斜——那「桑柘阴阴」写桑树阴阴，「一径斜」写一条小径斜斜，写尽小园的幽静。这句的深意在于：它以「小园烟草接邻家」的连陌与「桑柘阴阴一径斜」的幽静，写尽小园的景致——小园烟草萋萋接连邻家，那「小园烟草接邻家」写尽小园的连陌——小园烟草萋萋，与邻家相接，正是田园的连陌，那「接邻家」写尽小园的旷远；桑柘阴阴一条小径斜斜，那「桑柘阴阴一径斜」写尽小园的幽静——桑柘成阴，一条小径斜斜入园，正是小园的幽静，那「一径斜」写尽小园的幽深；那「小园烟草接邻家」写尽小园的连陌，那「桑柘阴阴一径斜」写尽小园的幽静，一写连陌，一写幽静，写尽小园的景致——烟草连邻、桑柘成阴，正是江南小园的田园风光；此二句以写景写尽小园的景致，也为后二句的读陶锄瓜作铺垫，也让此二句成为全诗写景致的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「小园风景很美」，则失其具体；唯以「小园烟草接邻家」写连陌、「桑柘阴阴一径斜」写幽静，写尽小园的景致，也让此二句成为全诗写景致的核心。

These lines are the scenic heart of the poem, 'misty grass to the neighbor's door' for the open lanes, 'mulberry and tzu-tree shade a slanting path' for seclusion. The misty grass connects garden and neighbor, the mulberries throw deep shade, a single path slants in—Jiangnan small garden in its rural fullness. The couplet sets openness against seclusion, the broad grass against the shaded path, preparing the way for the reading and hoeing that follow. If stated as 'the garden is beautiful,' the concreteness would vanish; only through the grass, the trees, and the slanting path does the scenery take shape.

Study

Word focus

卧读 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「卧读陶诗未终卷」之「卧读」是写闲情的关键词，一个「卧读」写尽闲适的雅趣。卧读者，卧而读书也。陆游以「卧读陶诗」写读陶，这个「卧读」至少有双重意味：其一，写闲适之态——那「卧读陶诗未终卷」写卧读陶诗尚未终卷，那「卧读」写尽闲适的姿态——卧而读书，正是闲适的生活，那「卧读」写尽闲适的雅趣；其二，写任情之性——那「卧读」更是写任情——卧读而未终卷，正是任情适性，那「卧读」写尽任情的闲适。以「卧读」写读陶，正是陆游写闲情的枢纽——若换作「静读」「闲读」等词，则或失其写卧读的姿态，或失其与「未终卷」的配合；唯「卧读」二字，以卧读陶诗写尽闲适的姿态与任情的闲适，与「又乘微雨去锄瓜」的锄瓜相合，写尽小园的闲情，也让「卧读陶诗未终卷」成为全诗写闲情的名句。

微雨 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「又乘微雨去锄瓜」之「微雨」是写田园的关键词，一个「微雨」写尽田园的清新。微雨者，细雨也。陆游以「乘微雨去锄瓜」写锄瓜，这个「微雨」至少有双重意味：其一，写田园之景——那「又乘微雨去锄瓜」写又乘着微雨去锄瓜，那「微雨」写尽田园的清新——微雨蒙蒙，正是田园的好天气，那「微雨」写尽田园的清新；其二，写闲适之情——那「微雨」更是写闲情——乘微雨而去锄瓜，正见不避微雨的闲适，那「微雨」写尽田园的闲情。以「微雨」写锄瓜，正是陆游写田园的枢纽——若换作「细雨」「小雨」等词，则或失其与「乘」的配合，或失其写微雨的意味；唯「微雨」二字，以乘微雨去锄瓜写尽田园的清新与不避微雨的闲情，与「卧读陶诗未终卷」的卧读相合，写尽小园的闲情，也让「又乘微雨去锄瓜」成为全诗写田园的名句。

小园