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宋 Song · 诗 Poem

小园·其二

The, Little, Garden, No. 2

陆游

Lu You

田园Pastoral life 闲适Leisure

村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平。
行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕。

To, the, south, of, the, village, to, the, north, of, the, village, the, voices, of, the, turtledoves,
The, water, piercing, the, new, seedlings, vast, and, vast, the, level.
Having, traveled, the, ends, of, the, earth, the, ten, thousand, miles,
Yet, from, the, neighbor, elder, learning, the, spring, plowing.

Listen

Meaning

A poem of the village and the return, written by Lu You. To the south of the village to the north of the village the voices of the turtledoves, the water piercing the new seedlings vast and vast the level — the village of the opening. Having traveled the ends of the earth the ten thousand miles, yet from the neighbor elder learning the spring plowing — the return of the close. The poem is the village and the return: the turtledoves, the seedlings, and the close's plowing.

村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平。行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] To, the, south, of, the, village, to, the, north, of, the, village, the, voices, of, the, turtledoves, the, water, piercing, the, new, seedlings, vast, and, vast, the, level. Having, traveled, the, ends, of, the, earth, the, ten, thousand, miles, yet, from, the, neighbor, elder, learning, the, spring, plowing. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the village of the turtledoves and the new seedlings with the vast level, through the traveled ten thousand miles, to the close's the learning of the spring plowing. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the return: having traveled the ends of the earth the ten thousand miles, and the close's yet from the neighbor elder learning the spring plowing — the village gathered in the return and the close's plowing. [Emotional Tone] Fresh, peaceful, and content: the poem is the turtledoves, the seedlings and the close's plowing.

【白话串讲】陆游写《小园·其二》：“村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平”——“行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕”——他走遍天涯，如今却跟邻家老农学春耕——他写归隐。【意象与手法】此诗写田园，以闲适写田园，是陆游的名篇。前二句写春耕：「村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平」写村南村北鹁鸠声、水刺新秧漫漫平——写尽春耕的景致；后二句写归田：「行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕」写行遍天涯千万里、却从邻父学春耕——写尽归田的闲适。全诗以闲适写田园，写尽春耕的景致与归田的闲适，是陆游的代表作。【情感与主旨】此诗写田园，以闲适写田园，是陆游的名篇。此诗为《小园》四首之二。陆游晚年闲居山阴，以田园生活为乐。此诗写村南村北鹁鸠（斑鸠）鸣叫，水田中的新秧漫漫平齐；自己行遍天涯千万里，却回到家乡从邻父学习春耕。此诗写春耕：村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平——写村南村北鹁鸠声、水刺新秧漫漫平，写尽春耕的景致；行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕——写行遍天涯千万里、却从邻父学春耕，写尽归田的闲适。全诗以闲适写田园——那「水刺新秧漫漫平」写尽春耕的景致，「却从邻父学春耕」写尽归田的闲适，写尽春耕的景致与归田的闲适，是理解陆游田园诗的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平」写春耕的景致；「行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕」写归田的闲适；以及全诗以闲适写田园、以对照写归田的手法。

Background

Lu You (1125-1210), the great poet of the Southern Song, wrote this 'The, Little, Garden, No. 2' of the village and the return — the peace of the rural life after the wanderings. The turtledoves with the new seedlings, the traveled ten thousand miles, and the close's the learning of the spring plowing — the poem gathers the contentment of the poet, the charm of the country. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the garden.

此诗写田园，以闲适写田园，是陆游的名篇。陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋爱国诗人，存诗九千余首，兼工词。此诗为《小园》四首之二。陆游晚年闲居山阴，以田园生活为乐。此诗写村南村北鹁鸠（斑鸠）鸣叫，水田中的新秧漫漫平齐；自己行遍天涯千万里，却回到家乡从邻父学习春耕。此诗写春耕：「村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平」写村南村北鹁鸠声、水刺新秧漫漫平——写尽春耕的景致（村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平）；「行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕」写行遍天涯千万里、却从邻父学春耕——写尽归田的闲适（行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕）。全诗以闲适写田园，写尽春耕的景致与归田的闲适，是理解陆游田园诗的重要篇章。此诗写于陆游晚年闲居山阴期间。陆游一生志在恢复中原，晚年被迫退居山阴，以田园生活自遣。《小园》四首皆写田园闲居之乐，此诗以「行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕」写尽历尽沧桑后的归田之乐，正是陆游晚年心境的写照。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the return. The village opens: to, the, south, of, the, village, to, the, north, of, the, village, the, voices, of, the, turtledoves — the voices of the turtledoves of the village; the, water, piercing, the, new, seedlings, vast, and, vast, the, level — the new seedlings of the vast level. The return follows: having, traveled, the, ends, of, the, earth, the, ten, thousand, miles — the ten thousand miles of the travels; yet, from, the, neighbor, elder, learning, the, spring, plowing — the spring plowing of the neighbor elder — the turtledoves, the travels and the close's return, gathered in the poem.

此诗的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以声写村景。「村南村北鹁鸠声」以声写村景——那「鹁鸠声」写尽村野的鸠鸣，以声写尽春耕的景致。其二，以白描写新秧。「水刺新秧漫漫平」以白描写新秧——那「水刺新秧」写尽新秧的刺水，以白描写尽春耕的景致。其三，以对照写归田。「行遍天涯千万里」以对照写归田——那「千万里」写尽天涯的行迹，以对照写尽归田的闲适。其四，以平实写闲适。「却从邻父学春耕」以平实写闲适——那「学春耕」写尽学耕的平实，以平实写尽归田的闲适。此外，此诗前二句写春耕的景致，后二句写归田的闲适，由景及情，正是田园诗「以农写闲」的写法。四重手法，使此诗以闲适写田园，写尽春耕的景致与归田的闲适，是陆游的代表作。此诗还善于以「村南村北鹁鸠声」的「村南村北」写鸠鸣之遍——那「村南村北」写尽村村皆闻，正是以方位写声闻之广，以「村南村北」写尽春耕的景致。又善以「行遍天涯千万里」的「千万里」写行迹之远——千万里，正见天涯行迹之广，以「千万里」写尽归田的对照。

Allusions

'The turtledoves' (bo jiu) are the turtledoves — the doves of the turtledove, the voices of the opening; 'the new seedlings' (xin yang) are the new seedlings — the seedlings of the new, the piercing of the water; 'the neighbor elder' (lin fu) is the neighbor elder — the elder of the neighbor, the learning of the spring plowing.

此诗的用语深植于田园与闲适传统。「鹁鸠」令人想到「鹁鸠」写斑鸠的意象——也令人想到「斑鸠唤雨」的意象；「水刺新秧」令人想到「水刺新秧」写秧苗刺水的意象——也令人想到「稻花香里说丰年」（辛弃疾）的意象；「漫漫平」令人想到「漫漫平」写平齐的意象——也令人想到「一望无际」的意象；「行遍天涯」令人想到「行遍天涯」写天涯行迹的意象——也令人想到「天涯何处无芳草」（苏轼）的意象；「邻父」令人想到「邻父」写邻家老农的意象——也令人想到「邻家」的意象；「学春耕」令人想到「学春耕」写学耕的意象——也令人想到「手把青秧插满田」的意象。全诗化用鹁鸠、水刺新秧、漫漫平、行遍天涯、邻父、学春耕的意象，以闲适写田园，正是陆游「清婉」而善写真、承田园传统写归田之本领。「鹁鸠」令人想到「鹁鸠」写斑鸠的意象——也令人想到「鹁鸠啼雨」的农谚意象；「水刺新秧」令人想到「新秧」写春秧的意象——也令人想到「手把青秧插满田」的禅诗意象，以新秧写春耕之景。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Lu You's poems of the garden, quoted for the freshness of its village and the contentment of its close. The new seedlings of the vast level, and the learning of the spring plowing, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's return: the village gathered in the travels, to the close's plowing.

此诗历来被推为陆游田园诗的名篇，也是宋诗写归田闲适的代表。历代论者对此诗评价极高：清人评此诗「以闲适写田园，真切自然」；近人更指出「行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕」写归田的闲适，是此诗的名句。在诗歌史上，此诗的特殊价值在于：它以四句的绝句写尽春耕的景致与归田的闲适——那村南，那村北，那鹁鸠声，那水刺，那新秧，那漫漫平，那行遍，那天涯，那千万里，那却从，那邻父，那学春耕，都写尽了陆游笔下的小园；那「却从邻父学春耕」更以对照写尽归田的闲适。此诗与陆游《小园·其一》同为小园诗，又与陶渊明《归园田居》「种豆南山下」的归田传统一脉相承，可见中国诗写田园的传统。对于今日读者，此诗是理解陆游田园诗的窗口，也是宋诗写归田的经典——那学春耕的邻父，穿越千年，仍在诉说着归田的闲适。此诗的价值更在于它写出了陆游「从戎到归田」的人生对照——诗人一生行遍天涯，志在报国，晚年却归隐田园学耕，这既是无奈，也是超脱。后世学者指出，「却从邻父学春耕」的「却」字是全诗诗眼，写尽从天涯到田间的转捩，可见陆游晚年田园诗中的深味。

Prosody

Form A quatrain of the garden (qi yan jue ju)诗·七言绝句

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the quatrain that carries the contented return.七绝，押「平」「耕」韵（下平八庚），一韵到底，音节自然

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the return: the level opening with the village, the turning with the travels, and the close's fall with the plowing.此诗为七言绝句，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节自然，正合闲适的自然。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its contentment: the cadences of the quatrain, and the close — 'que cong lin fu xue chun geng' — falls with the plowing, the sound of the return of the garden poet.此诗为七言绝句，四句——「村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平。行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕」，押「庚」韵（平、耕），一韵到底，音节自然。全诗以闲适写田园：前二句写春耕的景致（村南村北鹁鸠声、水刺新秧漫漫平），后二句写归田的闲适（行遍天涯千万里、却从邻父学春耕）。四句短章，前写春耕，后写归田，以「却从邻父学春耕」写尽归田的闲适，正见陆游「清婉」的本色。诵读此诗，宜以自然的语调读「水刺新秧漫漫平」的春耕，以闲适的语调读「却从邻父学春耕」的归田，结句要读得自然而有余韵，方能传达出陆游的真切自然。陆游绝句以「清婉」著称，此诗正是其田园诗的典范。

Line by line

行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕

I have wandered the world a thousand, ten thousand li; now I turn to the old farmers and learn spring plowing.

行遍天涯千万里，却从邻父学春耕。

Having roamed to the ends of the earth, a thousand and ten thousand li, I now follow the village elders and learn the spring plowing.

此二句是全诗写归田的核心，以行遍天涯千万里写千万里，以却从邻父学春耕写学春耕，写尽归田的闲适，是千古名句。「行遍天涯千万里」写行遍天涯千万里——那「行遍天涯」写行遍天涯，「千万里」写千万里，写尽天涯的行迹；「却从邻父学春耕」写却从邻父学春耕——那「却从邻父」写却从邻父，「学春耕」写学春耕，写尽学耕的平实。这句的深意在于：它以「行遍天涯千万里」的千万里与「却从邻父学春耕」的学春耕，写尽归田的闲适——行遍天涯千万里，那「行遍天涯千万里」写尽天涯的行迹——行遍天涯，正是走遍天涯的写照，那「千万里」写尽归田的闲适；却从邻父学春耕，那「却从邻父学春耕」写尽学耕的平实——却从邻父，正是转而从农的写照，那「学春耕」写尽归田的闲适；那「行遍天涯千万里」写尽天涯的行迹，那「却从邻父学春耕」写尽学耕的平实，一写行遍，一写学耕，写尽归田的闲适——行遍天涯而学耕邻父，正是归田安居的写照；此二句以行遍、学耕写尽归田的闲适，也让此二句成为全诗写归田的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「走遍了大江南北，还是回家跟着老农学种田」，则失其对照；唯以「行遍天涯千万里」写千万里、「却从邻父学春耕」写学春耕，写尽归田的闲适，也让此二句成为全诗写归田的核心。

These lines are the heart of the poem's return to the fields, 'wandered a thousand, ten thousand li' against 'learn spring plowing' from the neighbors, writing the ease of settling home. The contrast is the point: the man who has traveled the vast world now turns to the old farmers to learn the spring labor. 'Turn' carries the whole of it—after all the roaming, he has come back to the soil. If stated as 'I traveled everywhere and came home to farm,' the contrast would fade; only through 'a thousand, ten thousand li' set against 'learn from the neighbors' does the late-life tranquility of Lu You's return emerge.

村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平

North and south of the village, turtledoves call; water pricks the new rice shoots, endless and level.

村南村北鹁鸠声，水刺新秧漫漫平。

On the north and south sides of the village sound the turtledoves' cries; water plays about the new sprouts, far and level.

此二句是全诗写春耕的核心，以村南村北鹁鸠声写鹁鸠声，以水刺新秧漫漫平写漫漫平，写尽春耕的景致，是千古名句。「村南村北鹁鸠声」写村南村北鹁鸠声——那「村南村北」写村南村北，「鹁鸠声」写鹁鸠声，写尽村野的鸠鸣；「水刺新秧漫漫平」写水刺新秧漫漫平——那「水刺新秧」写水刺新秧，「漫漫平」写漫漫平，写尽新秧的漫漫。这句的深意在于：它以「村南村北鹁鸠声」的鹁鸠声与「水刺新秧漫漫平」的漫漫平，写尽春耕的景致——村南村北鹁鸠声，那「村南村北鹁鸠声」写尽村野的鸠鸣——村南村北，正是村村皆闻的写照，那「鹁鸠声」写尽春耕的景致；水刺新秧漫漫平，那「水刺新秧漫漫平」写尽新秧的漫漫——水刺新秧，正是秧苗刺水的写照，那「漫漫平」写尽春耕的景致；那「村南村北鹁鸠声」写尽村野的鸠鸣，那「水刺新秧漫漫平」写尽新秧的漫漫，一写鸠鸣，一写新秧，写尽春耕的景致——鸠鸣村野而秧平水田，正是春耕的写照；此二句以鸠鸣、新秧写尽春耕的景致，也为下文的归田作铺垫，也让此二句成为全诗写春耕的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「村里到处是斑鸠叫，水田里的秧苗长得整整齐齐」，则失其画面；唯以「村南村北鹁鸠声」写鹁鸠声、「水刺新秧漫漫平」写漫漫平，写尽春耕的景致，也让此二句成为全诗写春耕的核心。

These lines are the scenic heart of spring plowing, the turtledove's call across the village and the new shoots pricking the flooded field. North and south of the village, the birdcall is everywhere; the water, new shoots, and far-level expanse write the paddy's freshness. Sound and sight together—the dove's cry above, the level seedlings below—give the spring field its living picture, preparing the mood for the return to farming that follows. If stated as 'doves call and the field is tidy,' the image would be lost; only through the village-wide cry and the endless level of new shoots does the spring plowing become vivid.

Study

Word focus

刺 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「水刺新秧漫漫平」之「刺」字是写春耕的关键词，一个「刺」字写尽新秧的刺水。刺者，刺破、冒出也。陆游以「水刺新秧漫漫平」写春耕，这个「刺」字至少有双重意味：其一，写秧之刺——那「水刺新秧漫漫平」写水刺新秧漫漫平，那「刺」字写尽新秧的刺水——水刺新秧，正是秧苗破水的写照，那「刺」字写尽春耕的景致；其二，写春之动——那「刺」字更是写动——刺，正见春秧勃发的生机，那「刺」字写尽春耕的景致。以「刺」字写春耕，正是陆游写田园的枢纽——若换作「冒」「出」等字，则或失其与「水」「新秧」的配合，或失其写刺的意味；唯「刺」字，以水刺新秧漫漫平写尽新秧之刺水与春秧之勃发，与「村南村北鹁鸠声」的鸠鸣相合，写尽春耕的景致，也让「水刺新秧漫漫平」成为全诗写春耕的名句。

却 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「却从邻父学春耕」之「却」字是写归田的关键词，一个「却」字写尽归田的转捩。却者，反而、转而也。陆游以「却从邻父学春耕」写归田，这个「却」字至少有双重意味：其一，写转之却——那「却从邻父学春耕」写却从邻父学春耕，那「却」字写尽归田的转捩——却从邻父，正是转而从农的写照，那「却」字写尽归田的闲适；其二，写心之安——那「却」字更是写安——却，正见历尽沧桑而归田的心安，那「却」字写尽陆游的闲适。以「却」字写归田，正是陆游写田园的枢纽——若换作「转」「又」等字，则或失其与「行遍天涯千万里」「从邻父学春耕」的配合，或失其写却的意味；唯「却」字，以却从邻父学春耕写尽归田之转捩与历尽沧桑之心安，与「行遍天涯千万里」的千万里相合，写尽归田的闲适，也让「却从邻父学春耕」成为全诗写归田的名句。