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唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

香炉峰下新卜山居草堂初成偶题东壁

Newly, Choosing, the, Mountain, Dwelling, Below, the, Incense, Burner, Peak, the, Thatched, Hall, First, Completed, Casually, Inscribed, on, the, Eastern, Wall

白居易

Bai Juyi

隐逸Hermitage 山居mountain

五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙。
南檐纳日冬天暖，北户迎风夏月凉。
洒砌飞泉才有点，拂窗斜竹不成行。
来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光。

The, five, frames, and, the, three, bays, the, new, thatched, hall,
The, stone, steps, the, cassia, pillars, the, bamboo, woven, walls.
The, south, eaves, receiving, the, sun, in, the, winter, warm,
The, north, door, facing, the, wind, in, the, summer, month, cool.
The, sprinkling, of, the, terrace, the, flying, spring, only, a, little, drop,
The, brushing, the, window, the, slanting, bamboo, not, forming, the, rows.
The, coming, spring, I, will, repair, the, eastern, wing, room,
The, paper, pavilion, and, the, reed, curtain, settling, the, Mengguang.

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Meaning

A poem of the dwelling and the retirement, written by Bai Juyi. The five frames and the three bays the new thatched hall, the stone steps the cassia pillars the bamboo woven walls — the hall of the opening. The south eaves receiving the sun in the winter warm, the north door facing the wind in the summer month cool — the comfort of the middle. The sprinkling of the terrace the flying spring only a little drop, the brushing the window the slanting bamboo not forming the rows — the scene of the middle. And the close's the coming spring I will repair the eastern wing room, the paper pavilion and the reed curtain settling the Mengguang — the close's settling. The poem is the dwelling and the retirement: the hall, the comfort, and the close's settling.

五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙。南檐纳日冬天暖，北户迎风夏月凉。洒砌飞泉才有点，拂窗斜竹不成行。来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, five, frames, and, the, three, bays, the, new, thatched, hall, the, stone, steps, the, cassia, pillars, the, bamboo, woven, walls. The, south, eaves, receiving, the, sun, in, the, winter, warm, the, north, door, facing, the, wind, in, the, summer, month, cool. The, sprinkling, of, the, terrace, the, flying, spring, only, a, little, drop, the, brushing, the, window, the, slanting, bamboo, not, forming, the, rows. The, coming, spring, I, will, repair, the, eastern, wing, room, the, paper, pavilion, and, the, reed, curtain, settling, the, Mengguang. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the hall of the frames and the bays with the stone steps and the cassia pillars, through the comfort of the eaves and the door with the spring and the bamboo, to the close's the settling of the Mengguang. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the retirement: the sprinkling of the terrace the flying spring only a little drop, and the close's the paper pavilion and the reed curtain settling the Mengguang — the dwelling gathered in the comfort and the close's settling. [Emotional Tone] Comfortable, retired, and content: the poem is the hall, the comfort and the close's settling.

【白话串讲】白居易写《香炉峰下新卜山居草堂初成偶题东壁》：“五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙”——“南檐纳日冬天暖，北户迎风夏月凉”——他在庐山香炉峰下盖了三间草堂——“来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光”——他写自己的新居。【意象与手法】此诗写山居，以闲适写山居，是白居易的名篇。前二联写草堂：「五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙。南檐纳日冬天暖，北户迎风夏月凉」写五架三间新草堂、石阶桂柱竹编墙——写尽北户迎风的夏月凉；后二联写幽趣：「洒砌飞泉才有点，拂窗斜竹不成行。来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光」写洒砌飞泉才有点、拂窗斜竹不成行——写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光。全诗以闲适写山居，写尽北户迎风的夏月凉与纸阁芦帘的著孟光，是白居易的代表作。【情感与主旨】此诗写山居，以闲适写山居，是白居易的名篇。此诗为白居易在庐山香炉峰下筑草堂之作，写其山居之乐与闲适之怀。白居易此诗写其草堂初成之景。此诗写五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙；南檐纳日冬天暖，北户迎风夏月凉；洒砌飞泉才有点，拂窗斜竹不成行；来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光。此诗写草堂：五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙——写五架三间新草堂、石阶桂柱竹编墙，写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙；南檐纳日冬天暖，北户迎风夏月凉——写南檐纳日冬天暖、北户迎风夏月凉，写尽北户迎风的夏月凉；洒砌飞泉才有点，拂窗斜竹不成行——写洒砌飞泉才有点、拂窗斜竹不成行，写尽拂窗斜竹的不成行；来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光——写来春更葺东厢屋、纸阁芦帘著孟光，写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光。全诗以闲适写山居——那「北户迎风夏月凉」写尽北户迎风的夏月凉，「纸阁芦帘著孟光」写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光，写尽北户迎风的夏月凉与纸阁芦帘的著孟光，是理解白居易山居诗的重要篇章。【名句点睛】常考「五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙」写石阶桂柱的竹编墙；「来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光」写纸阁芦帘的著孟光；以及全诗以闲适写山居、以白描写山居的手法。

Background

Bai Juyi (772-846), the great poet of the Tang, wrote this 'Newly, Choosing, the, Mountain, Dwelling' of the dwelling and the retirement — the contentment of the mountain retreat. The thatched hall with the comfort, the spring with the bamboo, and the close's the settling of the Mengguang — the poem gathers the contentment of the poet, the peace of the retirement. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the retirement.

此诗写山居，以闲适写山居，是白居易的名篇。白居易（772—846），字乐天，号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，太原（今山西太原）人，唐代现实主义诗人，与元稹并称「元白」，与刘禹锡并称「刘白」。此诗为白居易在庐山香炉峰下筑草堂之作，写其山居之乐与闲适之怀。白居易此诗写其草堂初成之景。此诗写五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙；南檐纳日冬天暖，北户迎风夏月凉；洒砌飞泉才有点，拂窗斜竹不成行；来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光。此诗写草堂：「五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙」写五架三间新草堂、石阶桂柱竹编墙——写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙（五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙）；「南檐纳日冬天暖，北户迎风夏月凉」写南檐纳日冬天暖、北户迎风夏月凉——写尽北户迎风的夏月凉（南檐纳日冬天暖，北户迎风夏月凉）；「洒砌飞泉才有点，拂窗斜竹不成行」写洒砌飞泉才有点、拂窗斜竹不成行——写尽拂窗斜竹的不成行（洒砌飞泉才有点，拂窗斜竹不成行）；「来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光」写来春更葺东厢屋、纸阁芦帘著孟光——写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光（来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光）。全诗以闲适写山居，写尽北户迎风的夏月凉与纸阁芦帘的著孟光，是理解白居易山居诗的重要篇章。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the retirement. The hall opens: the, five, frames, and, the, three, bays, the, new, thatched, hall — the thatched hall of the frames and the bays; the, stone, steps, the, cassia, pillars, the, bamboo, woven, walls — the stone steps of the cassia pillars. The comfort follows: the, south, eaves, receiving, the, sun, in, the, winter, warm — the south eaves of the winter warm; the, north, door, facing, the, wind, in, the, summer, month, cool — the north door of the summer cool; the, sprinkling, of, the, terrace, the, flying, spring, only, a, little, drop — the flying spring of the little drop; the, brushing, the, window, the, slanting, bamboo, not, forming, the, rows — the slanting bamboo of the not forming the rows. And the close gathers the settling: the, coming, spring, I, will, repair, the, eastern, wing, room — the eastern wing room of the repair; the, paper, pavilion, and, the, reed, curtain, settling, the, Mengguang — the Mengguang of the paper pavilion — the hall, the comfort and the close's settling, gathered in the poem.

此诗的艺术特色可从四个方面解析。其一，以白描写草堂。「五架三间新草堂」以白描写草堂——那「石阶桂柱竹编墙」写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙，以白描写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙。其二，以对仗写寒暑。「南檐纳日冬天暖」以对仗写寒暑——那「北户迎风夏月凉」写尽北户迎风的夏月凉，以对仗写尽北户迎风的夏月凉。其三，以写景写幽趣。「洒砌飞泉才有点」以写景写幽趣——那「拂窗斜竹不成行」写尽拂窗斜竹的不成行，以写景写尽拂窗斜竹的不成行。其四，以用典写安居。「纸阁芦帘著孟光」以用典写安居——那「来春更葺东厢屋」写尽来春更葺的东厢屋，以用典写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光。此外，此诗前写北户迎风的夏月凉，后写纸阁芦帘的著孟光，由物及人，正是山居诗「以屋写居」的写法。四重手法，使此诗以闲适写山居，写尽北户迎风的夏月凉与纸阁芦帘的著孟光，是白居易的代表作。

Allusions

'The Incense Burner Peak' (xiang lu feng) is the Incense Burner Peak — the peak of the incense burner, the dwelling of the opening; 'the thatched hall' (cao tang) is the thatched hall — the hall of the thatch, the new of the opening; 'the Mengguang' (meng guang) is the Mengguang — the wife of the Liang Hong, the settling of the close.

此诗的用语深植于山居与闲适传统。「草堂」令人想到「草堂」写草堂的意象——也令人想到「结庐在人境」（陶渊明）的意象；「石阶」令人想到「石阶」写石阶的意象——也令人想到「石阶碧苔」的意象；「桂柱」令人想到「桂柱」写桂木的意象——也令人想到「桂殿兰宫」的意象；「竹编墙」令人想到「竹编墙」写竹墙的意象——也令人想到「竹篱茅舍」的意象；「南檐」令人想到「南檐」写南檐的意象——也令人想到「南檐纳日」的意象；「纳日」令人想到「纳日」写纳阳的意象——也令人想到「冬日可爱」（《左传》）的意象；「北户」令人想到「北户」写北窗的意象——也令人想到「北窗高卧」（陶渊明）的意象；「迎风」令人想到「迎风」写迎风的意象——也令人想到「迎风而立」的意象；「飞泉」令人想到「飞泉」写飞泉的意象——也令人想到「飞泉挂碧峰」（李白）的意象；「斜竹」令人想到「斜竹」写斜竹的意象——也令人想到「竹影横斜」的意象；「不成行」令人想到「不成行」写稀疏的意象——也令人想到「疏影横斜」的意象；「东厢」令人想到「东厢」写东厢的意象——也令人想到「东厢之屋」的意象；「纸阁」令人想到「纸阁」写纸阁的意象——也令人想到「纸窗竹屋」的意象；「芦帘」令人想到「芦帘」写芦帘的意象——也令人想到「芦帘纸阁」的意象；「孟光」令人想到「孟光」写孟光的意象——《后汉书》梁鸿妻孟光「举案齐眉」，也令人想到「举案齐眉」的意象。全诗化用草堂、石阶、桂柱、竹编墙、南檐、纳日、北户、迎风、飞泉、斜竹、不成行、东厢、纸阁、芦帘、孟光的意象典故，以闲适写山居，正是白居易「平易」而善白描、承陶渊明田园传统写山居之本领。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Bai Juyi's poems of the retirement, quoted for the simplicity of its hall and the contentment of its close. The south eaves of the winter warm, and the settling of the Mengguang, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's retirement: the dwelling gathered in the comfort, to the close's settling.

此诗历来被推为白居易山居诗的名篇，也是唐诗写草堂安居的代表。历代论者对此诗评价极高：宋人评此诗「以闲适写山居，平易自然」；近人更指出「五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙」写石阶桂柱的竹编墙，是此诗的名句。在诗歌史上，此诗的特殊价值在于：它以律诗写尽北户迎风的夏月凉与纸阁芦帘的著孟光——那五架，那三间，那新草堂，那石阶，那桂柱，那竹编墙，那南檐，那纳日，那冬天暖，那北户，那迎风，那夏月凉，那洒砌，那飞泉，那才有点，那拂窗，那斜竹，那不成行，那来春，那更葺，那东厢屋，那纸阁，那芦帘，那著孟光，都写尽了白居易笔下的香炉峰下新卜山居草堂初成偶题东壁；那「纸阁芦帘著孟光」更以用典写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光。此诗与白居易《钱塘湖春行》「孤山寺北贾亭西」同为闲适名篇，一写「最爱湖东行不足」的钱塘湖，一写「南檐纳日冬天暖」的香炉峰；一写游春，一写出居。两诗对读，可见白居易闲适诗的两面。对于今日读者，此诗是理解白居易山居诗的窗口，也是唐诗写草堂安居的经典——那纸阁芦帘的著孟光，穿越千年，仍在诉说着北户迎风的夏月凉。

Prosody

Form A regulated poem of the retirement (qi yan lü shi)七言律诗

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the regulated poem that carries the contented retirement.七律押「墙」「凉」「行」「光」（平声阳韵），一韵到底

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the retirement: the level opening with the hall, the turning with the comfort, and the close's fall with the settling.此诗为七言律诗，押平声韵，一韵到底，音节平易，正合山居的平易。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its contentment: the cadences of the regulated poem, and the close — 'zhi ge lu lian zhe meng guang' — falls with the Mengguang, the sound of the retirement of the dwelling poet.此诗为七言律诗——「五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙。南檐纳日冬天暖，北户迎风夏月凉。洒砌飞泉才有点，拂窗斜竹不成行。来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光」，押平韵（墙、凉、行、光），一韵到底，音节平易。全诗以闲适写山居：前写北户迎风的夏月凉（五架三间新草堂、南檐纳日冬天暖），后写纸阁芦帘的著孟光（洒砌飞泉才有点、来春更葺东厢屋）。律诗八句，前写草堂，后写安居，以「纸阁芦帘著孟光」写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光，正见白居易「平易」的本色。诵读此诗，宜以平易的语调读「石阶桂柱竹编墙」的草堂，以安详的语调读「纸阁芦帘著孟光」的安居，结句要读得平易而有余韵，方能传达出白居易的平易自然。白居易律诗以「平易」著称，此诗正是其山居诗的典范。

Line by line

五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙

A new thatched hall, five bays and three rooms; stone steps, cassia pillars, walls woven of bamboo.

五架三间新草堂，石阶桂柱竹编墙。

A new thatched cottage, five frames and three rooms; stone steps, cassia posts, and walls woven of bamboo.

此二句是全诗写草堂的核心，以五架三间新草堂写新草堂，以石阶桂柱竹编墙写竹编墙，写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙，是千古名句。「五架三间新草堂」写五架三间新草堂——那「五架三间」写五架三间，「新草堂」写新草堂，写尽五架三间的新草堂；「石阶桂柱竹编墙」写石阶桂柱竹编墙——那「石阶桂柱」写石阶桂柱，「竹编墙」写竹编墙，写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙。这句的深意在于：它以「五架三间新草堂」的新草堂与「石阶桂柱竹编墙」的竹编墙，写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙——五架三间新草堂，那「五架三间新草堂」写尽五架三间的新草堂——五架三间新草堂，正是新筑草堂的写照，那「新草堂」写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙；石阶桂柱竹编墙，那「石阶桂柱竹编墙」写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙——石阶桂柱竹编墙，正是石柱竹墙的写照，那「竹编墙」写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙；那「五架三间新草堂」写尽五架三间的新草堂，那「石阶桂柱竹编墙」写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙，一写新草堂，一写竹编墙，写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙——新筑草堂而石柱竹墙，正是山居的写照；此二句以新草堂、竹编墙写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙，也为下文的南檐作铺垫，也让此二句成为全诗写草堂的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「五架三间的草堂新成，石阶桂柱竹编的墙」，则失其平易；唯以「五架三间新草堂」写新草堂、「石阶桂柱竹编墙」写竹编墙，写尽石阶桂柱的竹编墙，也让此二句成为全诗写草堂的核心。

These two lines are the core of the poem on the cottage, writing through the new hall and the bamboo walls the dwelling by Incense Burner Peak, an age-old celebrated couplet. 'A new thatched hall, five bays and three rooms' writes the newly built cottage, the 'five bays and three rooms' its modest size. 'Stone steps, cassia pillars, walls woven of bamboo' writes the stone steps, the cassia pillars, the bamboo-woven walls. The deep meaning lies in the plainness of the materials—the new cottage with stone pillars and bamboo walls is precisely the portrait of mountain living; it paves the way for the south eave below, and made these lines the core and celebrated verse on the cottage.

来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光

Next spring I shall mend the eastern wing; paper windows, reed blinds, and a wife like Meng Guang.

来春更葺东厢屋，纸阁芦帘著孟光。

Next spring I will repair the eastern wing; a paper chamber and reed blinds, where my Meng Guang will dwell.

此二句是全诗写安居的核心，以来春更葺东厢屋写东厢屋，以纸阁芦帘著孟光写著孟光，写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光，是千古名句。「来春更葺东厢屋」写来春更葺东厢屋——那「来春更葺」写来春更葺，「东厢屋」写东厢屋，写尽来春更葺的东厢屋；「纸阁芦帘著孟光」写纸阁芦帘著孟光——那「纸阁芦帘」写纸阁芦帘，「著孟光」写著孟光，写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光。这句的深意在于：它以「来春更葺东厢屋」的东厢屋与「纸阁芦帘著孟光」的著孟光，写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光——来春更葺东厢屋，那「来春更葺东厢屋」写尽来春更葺的东厢屋——来春更葺东厢屋，正是来春葺屋的写照，那「东厢屋」写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光；纸阁芦帘著孟光，那「纸阁芦帘著孟光」写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光——纸阁芦帘著孟光，正是举案安居的写照，那「著孟光」写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光；那「来春更葺东厢屋」写尽来春更葺的东厢屋，那「纸阁芦帘著孟光」写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光，一写东厢屋，一写著孟光，写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光——来春葺屋而举案安居，正是山居的写照；此二句以东厢屋、著孟光写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光，也让此二句成为全诗写安居的核心与千古名句。若换作直说「来春再修东厢的屋，纸阁芦帘住着像孟光一样的贤妻」，则失其典雅；唯以「来春更葺东厢屋」写东厢屋、「纸阁芦帘著孟光」写著孟光，写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光，也让此二句成为全诗写安居的核心。

These two lines are the core of the poem on settling, writing through the eastern wing and the wife Meng Guang the quiet domestic bliss, an age-old celebrated couplet. 'Next spring I shall mend the eastern wing' writes the coming repair of the eastern rooms. 'Paper windows, reed blinds, and a wife like Meng Guang' uses the allusion to Meng Guang, the model wife of the Han who bore her husband the tray level with her brows—the paper pavilion and reed blinds the plain furniture, 'where my Meng Guang will dwell' the hope of a devoted wife. The deep meaning lies in the coming repair and the wifely virtue—next spring's mending and the homely, respectful union are the portrait of settled mountain life; it made these lines the core and celebrated verse on making a home.

Study

Word focus

纳 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「南檐纳日冬天暖」之「纳」字是写草堂关键词，一个「纳」字写尽南檐的纳日。纳者，接纳、收纳也。白居易以「南檐纳日冬天暖」写草堂，这个「纳」字至少有双重意味：其一，写日之纳——那「南檐纳日冬天暖」写南檐纳日冬天暖，那「纳」字写尽南檐的纳日——纳日，正是檐承日光的写照，那「纳」字写尽南檐的纳日；其二，写居之宜——那「纳」字更是写宜——纳，正见冬暖夏凉之宜的意味，那「纳」字写尽白居易的安居。以「纳」字写草堂，正是白居易写山居的枢纽——若换作「承」「受」等字，则或失其与「南檐纳日冬天暖」「北户迎风夏月凉」的配合，或失其写纳的意味；唯「纳」字，以南檐纳日冬天暖写尽檐之日光与居之温暖，与「北户迎风夏月凉」的迎风相合，写尽南檐的纳日，也让「南檐纳日冬天暖」成为全诗写草堂的名句。

著 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「纸阁芦帘著孟光」之「著」字是写安居关键词，一个「著」字写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光。著者，安置、居住也。白居易以「纸阁芦帘著孟光」写安居，这个「著」字至少有双重意味：其一，写居之著——那「纸阁芦帘著孟光」写纸阁芦帘著孟光，那「著」字写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光——著孟光，正是安居贤妻的写照，那「著」字写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光；其二，写情之谐——那「著」字更是写谐——著，正见琴瑟和谐的意味，那「著」字写尽白居易的闲适。以「著」字写安居，正是白居易写山居的枢纽——若换作「住」「居」等字，则或失其与「纸阁芦帘著孟光」「来春更葺东厢屋」的配合，或失其写著的意味；唯「著」字，以纸阁芦帘著孟光写尽安居之乐与贤妻之情，与「来春更葺东厢屋」的东厢屋相合，写尽纸阁芦帘的著孟光，也让「纸阁芦帘著孟光」成为全诗写安居的名句。