魏晋 Wei-Jin · 诗 Poem
石壁精舍还湖中作
On Returning Across the Lake from the Stone-Cliff Retreat
昏旦变气候，山水含清晖。
清晖能娱人，游子憺忘归。
出谷日尚早，入舟阳已微。
林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏。
芰荷迭映蔚，蒲稗相因依。
披拂趋南径，愉悦偃东扉。
虑澹物自轻，意惬理无违。
寄言摄生客，试用此道推。
The clear light can delight men; the wanderer rests and forgets to return.
He left the valley while the sun was still high; he entered the boat as the sun grew faint.
The woods and ravines gather the dusk; the clouds and rosy haze take in the evening mist.
Water-chestnut and lotus mirror each other, lush; rush and millet lean one on another.
He parts the brush and hastens the southern path; joyful, he rests at the eastern door.
Care grows pale, things lighten of themselves; the heart content, principle is not opposed.
I send word to you who would nourish life: try to infer by this way.
Meaning
Dusk and dawn change the weather; hills and streams hold clear light. The clear light can delight men; the wanderer rests and forgets to return. He left the valley while the sun was yet early; he entered the boat as the sun grew faint. The woods and ravines gather the dusk; the clouds and rosy haze take in the evening mist. Water-chestnut and lotus mirror one another, lush; rush and millet lean upon each other. He parts the undergrowth and hastens the southern path; joyful, he rests at the eastern door. Care grows pale, and things lighten of themselves; the heart content, principle is not opposed. I send word to you who would nourish life: try to infer by this way.
黄昏与清晨气候变换，山水蕴含着清朗的光辉。清晖能够愉悦人心，游子恬然忘却回归。出山谷时日色尚早，入舟中夕阳已微。林壑收敛起暮色，云霞收住了傍晚的霏霏。芰荷层层映照蔚然，蒲草稗草相互依偎。拨开草丛趋向南路，愉悦地歇息东门。思虑淡泊则外物自然轻淡，心意惬意则事理无所违逆。寄言养生之人，请试以此道推求。
Appreciation
Xie Lingyun, scion of an Eastern-Jin great house, became governor of Yongjia under Liu-Song, then quit office for his Shining villa, cutting hills and dredging lakes, seeking the rare and the beautiful — thus opening the school of landscape poetry. The Stone-Cliff Retreat was a place in his villa for reading and quiet. This poem writes the evening journey after a visit there and a return across the lake, when his official career had failed and he gave his heart to streams and stones. The lines 'the wanderer rests and forgets to return' and 'care grows pale, things lighten' write both the joy of landscape and, beneath, the settling of body and mind after leaving office — typical of Xie's 'using landscape to divert, awakening to principle through scene'.
【白话串讲】 “昏旦变气候，山水含清晖。清晖能娱人，游子憺忘归”——谢灵运游湖：山水清晖让人忘了回家。“林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏”——暮色四合。“虑澹物自轻，意惬理无违”——心里淡泊，万物都轻。 【意象与手法】 此诗以时空为序，由晨昏气候入笔，次写山水清晖、出谷入舟、林壑云霞、芰荷蒲稗，景物层递而工丽 【情感与主旨】 谢灵运为东晋望族之后，刘宋时出为永嘉太守，旋辞官归始宁墅，凿山浚湖、探奇揽胜，遂开山水诗一派 【名句点睛】 本诗宜从‘山水描写与情景理融合’角度命题。考点一：赏析‘林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏’的炼字与意境；考点二
Background
Xie Lingyun, scion of an Eastern-Jin great house, became governor of Yongjia under Liu-Song, then quit office for his Shining villa, cutting hills and dredging lakes, seeking the rare and the beautiful — thus opening the school of landscape poetry. The Stone-Cliff Retreat was a place in his villa for reading and quiet. This poem writes the evening journey after a visit there and a return across the lake, when his official career had failed and he gave his heart to streams and stones. The lines 'the wanderer rests and forgets to return' and 'care grows pale, things lighten' write both the joy of landscape and, beneath, the settling of body and mind after leaving office — typical of Xie's 'using landscape to divert, awakening to principle through scene'.
《石壁精舍还湖中作》为南朝宋谢灵运所作，是写游山归来、山水清晖之乐的诗。谢灵运（385—433），陈郡阳夏人，南朝宋诗人。此诗：昏旦变气候，山水含清晖。清晖能娱人，游子憺忘归。出谷日尚早，入舟阳已微。林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏。芰荷迭映蔚，蒲稗相因依。披拂趋南径，愉悦偃东扉。虑澹物自轻，意惬理无违。寄言摄生客，试用此道推。全诗写游山归来、山水清晖之乐，是谢灵运诗的名篇。
Art
The poem follows time and space, opening with the change of dawn and dusk weather, then writing the clear light of hills and streams, leaving valley and entering boat, woods and ravines, clouds and haze, water-chestnut and lotus — scenery layered and ornate. 'The woods and ravines gather the dusk; the clouds and rosy haze take in the evening mist' uses 'gather' and 'take in' to write the dynamic closing of dusk and mist, diction like a painting. 'Water-chestnut and lotus mirror each other, lush; rush and millet lean one on another' is neat antithesis, full of life. The last four lines turn from scene to principle: 'care grows pale, things lighten' lifts the joy of landscape into a metaphysical grasp; scene, feeling and principle blend round — most showing Da-Xie's 'rich and bright, fine and worked' face.
《石壁精舍还湖中作》艺术上以山水清晖的描摹与玄理之悟的深婉见长。全诗十四句，层层写来：前四句写山水清晖——“昏旦变气候，山水含清晖。清晖能娱人，游子憺忘归”写昏旦气候、山水清晖、清晖娱人、游子忘归；中四句写归途之景——“出谷日尚早，入舟阳已微”写出谷入舟，“林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏”写林壑云霞，“芰荷迭映蔚，蒲稗相因依”写芰荷蒲稗；后六句写归居之乐与玄理——“披拂趋南径，愉悦偃东扉”写披拂趋径、愉悦偃扉，“虑澹物自轻，意惬理无违”写虑澹意惬，“寄言摄生客，试用此道推”写寄言摄生客。全诗以山水清晖写玄理之悟，正是谢灵运诗深婉的笔法。
Allusions
The principle-words mostly rest on Lao-Zhuang and nourishing life. 'The wanderer rests and forgets to return' transforms the Chu Ci's 'my heart clings and grieves... knowing not where to set my foot' and the calm sense of 'rest'. 'You who would nourish life' comes from the Laozi's 'I have heard of one good at nourishing life', meaning one who follows the way in nourishing life. 'Care grows pale, things lighten' is near the Zhuangzi's 'empty, still, calm, tame'. 'The heart content, principle is not opposed' secretly fits the metaphysics of 'name-teaching and nature'. Proving mystery by real landscape is typical of Xie's transitional way of allusion, 'Lao-Zhuang retires as landscape arises'.
《石壁精舍还湖中作》用典在“清晖”“摄生客”。“清晖”写山水之光（谢灵运山水诗常语）；“摄生客”写养生之人（道家语）；“虑澹物自轻”写思虑淡泊则外物自轻。全诗以这些意象写山水清晖、玄理之悟，用典自然而深婉自见，正是谢灵运诗的笔法。
Commentary
The Gradings of Poets says of Xie's poetry 'it prizes likeness to things', calling it 'as the green pine rises above the thicket, white jade beside the dust'. The Song critic Fang Hui praises the two lines 'the woods and ravines gather the dusk' as 'skilled in depicting things'. The Qing critic Wang Fu-zhi in his Jiang-zhai Talk on Poetry holds that Da-Xie 'besides his nature, cannot escape some carved ornament', yet this piece's scene and principle breed — enough to show landscape poetry's trace of emerging from metaphysics.
《石壁精舍还湖中作》是谢灵运诗的名篇，也是南朝山水诗的代表作。此诗写游山归来、山水清晖之乐，向为论者称道。论者多赏其山水清晖的描摹与玄理之悟的深婉——“昏旦变气候，山水含清晖。清晖能娱人，游子憺忘归”写山水清晖、娱人忘归，深婉之极；“林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏”写林壑云霞，更见其工；“虑澹物自轻，意惬理无违”写玄理之悟，尤见其深。谢灵运为山水诗之祖，其诗以刻画山水、深寓玄理著称，此诗正是其代表——以山水清晖写玄理之悟，正是其诗风。
Prosody
Line by line
昏旦变气候，山水含清晖。清晖能娱人，游子憺忘归。
Dawn and dusk change the weather; hills and streams hold clear light. The clear light delights the traveler, who lingers peacefully and forgets to return.
昏旦变气候，山水含清晖。清晖能娱人，游子憺（安然）忘归。
Dawn and dusk change the weather; hills and streams hold clear light. The clear light delights man; the wanderer is at peace and forgets returning.
前四句写山水清晖、娱人忘归，是全诗游山之乐的起点。“昏旦变气候，山水含清晖”写山水清晖——“昏旦变气候”写晨昏之间气候变化，“山水含清晖”写山水含清晖——昏旦变气候，山水含清晖；“清晖能娱人，游子憺忘归”写清晖娱人——“清晖能娱人”写清晖能够娱人，“游子憺忘归”写游子安然忘归——清晖娱人，游子忘归。四句写山水清晖、娱人忘归：昏旦变气候山水含清晖，清晖能娱人游子憺忘归。以“昏旦变气候，山水含清晖”写晨昏变化、山水含晖，以“清晖能娱人，游子憺忘归”写清晖娱人、游子忘归，正是谢灵运诗写游山之乐、山水清晖的起点——山水含晖，娱人忘归。
These first four lines write hills-streams clear light, delighting man and forgetting return, the poem's mountain-roaming pleasure starting point. Dawn-and-dusk-change-the-weather-hills-and-streams-hold-clear-light writes the clear light. The-clear-light-delights-the-traveler-who-lingers-peacefully-and-forgets-to-return writes the delight. The four lines write hills-streams clear light, delighting man and forgetting return. Using dawn-dusk-change-hills-streams-hold-clear-light for the morning-evening change and hills-streams light; using clear-light-delights-traveler-forgets-return for the light's delight and the traveler's forgetting. This is Xie Lingyun's starting point for mountain-roaming pleasure and hills-streams clear light - hills hold light, delighting man and forgetting return.
出谷日尚早，入舟阳已微。林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏。
Leaving the gorge, the sun was still early; entering the boat, the light was already fading. Woods and valleys gather the dusk; clouds and rosy mists collect the evening haze.
出谷日尚早，入舟阳已微。林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏。
Leaving the gorge, the sun was still early; entering the boat, sunlight was already faint. Woods and valleys gather the dusk; clouds and rosy clouds collect the evening haze.
此四句写归途之景，是全诗山水刻画的深化。“出谷日尚早，入舟阳已微”写出谷入舟——“出谷日尚早”写出谷之时日尚早，“入舟阳已微”写入舟之时日光已微——出谷日早，入舟阳微；“林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏”写林壑云霞——“林壑敛暝色”写林壑收敛暝色，“云霞收夕霏”写云霞收敛夕霏——林壑暝色，云霞夕霏。四句写归途之景：出谷日尚早入舟阳已微，林壑敛暝色云霞收夕霏。以“出谷日尚早，入舟阳已微”写出谷日早、入舟日暮之游程，以“林壑敛暝色，云霞收夕霏”写林壑暝色、云霞夕霏之归景，正是谢灵运诗写山水刻画、游山归来的深化——晚景苍茫，山水含情。
These four lines write the return road scenery, the deepening of the hills-streams depiction. Leaving-the-gorge-the-sun-was-still-early-entering-the-boat-the-light-was-already-fading writes leaving the gorge and entering the boat. Woods-and-valleys-gather-the-dusk-clouds-and-rosy-mists-collect-the-evening-haze writes woods-valleys and clouds-mists. The four lines write the return road. Using leaving-gorge-sun-early-entering-boat-light-fading for the journey from early to dusk; using woods-valleys-dusk-clouds-mists-evening-haze for the return scenery. This is Xie Lingyun's deepening of hills-streams depiction and return from roaming - the evening scenery vast, hills-streams holding feeling.
芰荷迭映蔚，蒲稗相因依。披拂趋南径，愉悦偃东扉。
Lotus and water-nut leaves glow richly; reeds and grasses lean upon each other. I push through the southern path, and rest happily at the eastern door.
芰荷迭映蔚，蒲稗相因依。披拂趋南径，愉悦偃东扉。
Water-chestnut and lotus leaves glow richly; rush and grass lean upon each other. Pushing through the southern path, I rest happily at the eastern door.
此四句写湖中芰荷、归居愉悦，是全诗游山之乐的深化。“芰荷迭映蔚，蒲稗相因依”写湖中芰荷——“芰荷迭映蔚”写芰荷迭相映蔚，“蒲稗相因依”写蒲稗相互依倚——芰荷映蔚，蒲稗因依；“披拂趋南径，愉悦偃东扉”写归居愉悦——“披拂趋南径”写披拂趋南径（拂开草木而行），“愉悦偃东扉”写愉悦偃于东扉——披拂趋径，愉悦偃扉。四句写湖中芰荷、归居愉悦：芰荷迭映蔚蒲稗相因依，披拂趋南径愉悦偃东扉。以“芰荷迭映蔚，蒲稗相因依”写湖中芰荷映蔚、蒲稗相依之景，以“披拂趋南径，愉悦偃东扉”写披拂南径、愉悦偃扉之归，正是谢灵运诗写游山归来之乐的深化——归途景美，归居愉悦。
These four lines write lake lotuses and return-home delight, the deepening of mountain-roaming pleasure. Water-chestnut-and-lotus-leaves-glow-richly-rush-and-grass-lean-upon-each-other writes lake lotuses. Pushing-through-the-southern-path-I-rest-happily-at-the-eastern-door writes return-home delight. The four lines write lake lotuses and return-home delight. Using lotuses-glow-richly-reeds-lean-upon-each-other for lake lotuses' glow and reeds' leaning; using pushing-through-southern-path-resting-happily-at-eastern-door for the return. This is Xie Lingyun's deepening of return-home pleasure - the return road scenery beautiful, return home happy.
虑澹物自轻，意惬理无违。寄言摄生客，试用此道推。
When thought is plain, things grow light; when the heart is at ease, reason is unopposed. I would tell those who nurture life: try this way of reflection.
虑澹物自轻，意惬理无违。寄言摄生客，试用此道推。
When thought is plain, things grow light; when the heart is content, reason is unopposed. Tell those who nurture life: try this way of reflection.
末四句写虑澹理惬、寄言摄生，是全诗玄理之悟的归结。“虑澹物自轻，意惬理无违”写虑澹意惬——“虑澹物自轻”写思虑淡泊则外物自轻，“意惬理无违”写心意惬适则与理无违——虑澹物轻，意惬理无违；“寄言摄生客，试用此道推”写寄言摄生客——“寄言摄生客”写寄语养生之人，“试用此道推”写试用此道推求——寄言摄生客，试用此道推。四句写虑澹理惬、寄言摄生：虑澹物自轻意惬理无违，寄言摄生客试用此道推。以“虑澹物自轻，意惬理无违”写思虑淡泊、外物自轻之玄理，以“寄言摄生客，试用此道推”写寄语养生之人、试以此道推求，正是谢灵运诗写玄理之悟的归结——山水之乐，归于玄理。
These last four lines write plain-thought-content-heart, telling the life-nurturer, the resolution of the metaphysical enlightenment. When-thought-is-plain-things-grow-light-when-the-heart-is-at-ease-reason-is-unopposed writes plain thought and content heart. I-would-tell-those-who-nurture-life-try-this-way-of-reflection writes telling the life-nurturer. The four lines write plain-thought-content-heart and telling the life-nurturer. Using thought-plain-things-light-heart-content-reason-unopposed for the metaphysical truth of plain thought lightening things; using telling-life-nurturer-try-this-way for the message. This is Xie Lingyun's resolution of metaphysical enlightenment - the hills-streams pleasure returns to metaphysical truth.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
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