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唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

重送裴郎中贬吉州

Seeing, off, Again, the, Director, Pei, Demoted, to, Jizhou

刘长卿

Liu Changqing

猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流。
同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟。

The, apes, crying, the, guests, scattered, at, the, river, head, of, the, dusk,
The, man, of, the, self, the, heart, wounded, the, water, of, the, self, flowing.
Together, being, the, banished, ministers, you, farther,
The, green, hills, ten, thousand, miles, a, lone, boat.
Listen

Meaning

A poem of the farewell and the banishment, written by Liu Changqing. The apes crying the guests scattered at the river head of the dusk, the man of the self the heart wounded the water of the self flowing — the farewell of the opening. Together being the banished ministers you farther, the green hills ten thousand miles a lone boat — the sorrow of the close. The poem is the farewell and the banishment: the apes, the water, and the close's lone boat.

猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流。同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The, apes, crying, the, guests, scattered, at, the, river, head, of, the, dusk, the, man, of, the, self, the, heart, wounded, the, water, of, the, self, flowing. Together, being, the, banished, ministers, you, farther, the, green, hills, ten, thousand, miles, a, lone, boat. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the farewell of the apes and the dusk with the wounded heart, through the same banishment of the two, to the close's the green hills and the lone boat. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the sorrow: together being the banished ministers you farther, and the close's the green hills ten thousand miles a lone boat — the farewell gathered in the banishment and the close's lone boat. [Emotional Tone] Sorrowful, parting, and desolate: the poem is the apes, the water and the close's lone boat.

【白话串讲】 刘长卿写《重送裴郎中贬吉州》：“猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流”——“同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟”——他重送裴郎中——青山万里一孤舟。 【意象与手法】 “猿啼客散暮江头、人自伤心水自流”写猿啼暮江头；结以“同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟”以青山万里一孤舟写别情。沉郁苍凉。 【情感与主旨】 刘长卿重送裴郎中贬吉州之作，写猿啼客散暮江头与同作逐臣君更远的别情，是送别诗中的名篇。 【名句点睛】 常考“猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流”写猿啼暮江头；“同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟”写贬谪别情。

Background

Liu Changqing (c. 709-789), the poet of the Tang, wrote this 'Seeing, off, Again, the, Director, Pei, Demoted, to, Jizhou' of the farewell and the banishment — the parting of the demoted ministers. The apes crying with the dusk, and the close's the green hills with the lone boat — the poem gathers the sorrow of the poet, the sympathy of the banishment. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the farewell.

《重送裴郎中贬吉州》为唐代诗人刘长卿所作诗。刘长卿（约726—约786），字文房，河间（今河北河间）人，唐代诗人。此诗写送别感怀，为重送裴郎中贬吉州之作。诗中「猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流」写猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流；「同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟」写同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟。刘长卿此诗以送别感怀、青山万里一孤舟写其感怀之情，沉郁苍凉，是刘长卿诗中的名篇。此篇《重送裴郎中贬吉州》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《重送裴郎中贬吉州》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the sorrow. The farewell opens: the, apes, crying, the, guests, scattered, at, the, river, head, of, the, dusk — the apes of the river head of the dusk; the, man, of, the, self, the, heart, wounded, the, water, of, the, self, flowing — the water of the flowing. The banishment follows: together, being, the, banished, ministers, you, farther — the farther of the banished ministers; the, green, hills, ten, thousand, miles, a, lone, boat — the lone boat of the green hills — the farewell, the banishment and the close's sorrow, gathered in the poem.

此诗艺术上以「沉郁苍凉、以景写情」见长。全诗共四句，由猿啼客散暮江头而人自伤心水自流而同作逐臣君更远。起「猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流」写猿啼客散暮江头：猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流；「同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟」写同作逐臣君更远：同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟。全诗以景写情，由猿啼客散暮江头而青山万里一孤舟，沉郁苍凉，是刘长卿诗中的名篇。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。

Allusions

'The river head' (jiang tou) is the river head — the head of the river, the farewell of the dusk; 'the banished ministers' (zhu chen) are the banished ministers — the ministers of the banishment, the exile of the two; 'the green hills' (qing shan) are the green hills — the hills of the green, the lone boat of the close.

诗中「猿啼客散暮江头人自伤心水自流」「同作逐臣君更远青山万里一孤舟」等语，皆含典故故实。「猿啼客散暮江头人自伤心水自流」写猿啼客散暮江头人自伤心水自流；「同作逐臣君更远青山万里一孤舟」用逐臣之语，写同作逐臣君更远青山万里一孤舟。诗人以猿啼、孤舟等语入诗，不着痕迹，而把送别感怀之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。

Commentary

This poem is one of the famous works of Liu Changqing's poems of the farewell, quoted for the desolation of its opening and the sorrow of its close. The apes crying at the river head, and the lone boat of the green hills, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's desolation: the farewell gathered in the banishment, to the close's lone boat.

这首《重送裴郎中贬吉州》，是刘长卿写送别感怀之作，写猿啼客散暮江头、人自伤心水自流、青山万里一孤舟之情，沉郁苍凉。起「猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流」——猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流。写猿啼客散暮江头：猿啼客散暮江头、人自伤心水自流——客散暮江头、伤心水自流；「同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟」——同作逐臣（用逐臣之语）君更远，青山万里一孤舟。写同作逐臣君更远：同作逐臣君更远、青山万里一孤舟——逐臣君更远、万里一孤舟。这「同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟」，是全诗之结：以青山万里一孤舟写其感怀。全诗沉郁苍凉，以景写情，正是刘长卿诗中的名篇。综观全诗，情真、景切、理深，三者浑融无迹，故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意，令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处，正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。综观全诗，情真、景切、理深，三者浑融无迹，故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意，令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处，正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。

Prosody

Form A quatrain of the farewell (qi yan jue ju)诗（七言绝句）
Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level of the group — the cadence of the quatrain that carries the desolate sorrow.此诗为七言绝句，共四句，两句一联。押平声韵：「头」「流」「舟」押尤部韵。诗体依绝句而定，句式整齐，音节随情起伏，正与写送别感怀的沉郁苍凉相称，也见其以绝句写感怀的自然。
Tone pattern The cadence is that of the sorrow: the level opening with the farewell, the turning with the banishment, and the close's fall with the lone boat.句式上，「猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流」写猿啼客散暮江头，音节沉郁；「同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟」写同作逐臣君更远，音节苍凉。全诗音节随情起伏，由沉郁而苍凉，正合绝句「含蓄」之妙，读来如送别感怀、青山万里一孤舟之音，沉郁而动人。
Reading note The poem's sound matches its desolation: the cadences of the quatrain, and the close — 'qing shan wan li yi gu zhou' — falls with the boat, the sound of the sorrow of the parting poet.此诗为七言绝句，是刘长卿写送别感怀之作，也是其诗中的名篇。全诗的艺术特色在于「沉郁苍凉、以景写情」：「猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流」写猿啼客散暮江头、「同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟」写同作逐臣君更远。全诗沉郁苍凉，以景写情。尤为精妙者，是「猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流」写尽江头之景；而「同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟」写尽孤舟之远，正是刘长卿诗「沉郁苍凉」的典范，为历代选本所常收。《重送裴郎中贬吉州》一诗之所以读来声情并茂，正在于诗人以声韵配合情思、以节奏烘托意境，音节之长短、平仄之起伏，皆与诗意相为表里，此亦可见中国古典诗歌声律之美与匠心之工。

Line by line

猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流。

The, apes, crying, the, guests, scattered, at, the, river, head, of, the, dusk, the, man, of, the, self, the, heart, wounded, the, water, of, the, self, flowing.

猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流。

Apes cry, the travelers scatter, at dusk on the river; the man grieves on, the river flows on.

首二句写猿啼客散暮江头，起笔即见其景。「猿啼客散暮江头」写猿啼客散暮江头，「猿啼客散」写猿啼客散、「暮江头」写暮江头；「人自伤心水自流」写人自伤心水自流，「人自伤心」写人自伤心、「水自流」写水自流。两句一写猿啼客散暮江头、一写人自伤心水自流，以猿啼客散暮江头写客散暮江头、以人自伤心水自流写伤心水自流，写尽猿啼客散暮江头、人自伤心水自流之情。以景起兴，沉郁而苍凉，是「以景起兴」的妙笔。

The first two lines write apes cry, the travelers scatter, at dusk on the river, the scene named at the first stroke. Apes cry, the travelers scatter: the sad farewell on the bank. At dusk on the river: the evening riverside. The man grieves on: the heart's sorrow. The river flows on: the indifferent water. One couplet writes the apes' cry at the dusk riverside and the man's grief beside the flowing water - Liu Changqing's starting point for the second send-off: the apes' cry and the indifferent river both set off the grief. The line opens with scenery as bi-xing, somber and bleak: the evening river at once.

同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟。

Together, being, the, banished, ministers, you, farther, the, green, hills, ten, thousand, miles, a, lone, boat.

同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟。

We are both banished officials, yet you go farther; through green hills ten thousand li, one lone boat.

尾二句写同作逐臣君更远，是全诗立意的落点。「同作逐臣君更远」用逐臣之语写同作逐臣君更远，「同作逐臣」写同作逐臣、「君更远」写君更远；「青山万里一孤舟」写青山万里一孤舟，「青山万里」写青山万里、「一孤舟」写一孤舟。两句一写同作逐臣君更远、一写青山万里一孤舟，以同作逐臣君更远写逐臣君更远、以青山万里一孤舟写万里一孤舟，写尽同作逐臣君更远、青山万里一孤舟之情。以舟写情，沉郁而苍凉，是全诗最动人处，也是「以舟写情」的点睛之笔。

The last two lines write we are both banished officials, yet you go farther, the poem's landing. We are both banished officials: the shared fate. Yet you go farther: his worse lot. Through green hills ten thousand li: the vast distance. One lone boat: the departing vessel. One couplet writes the shared exile and the friend's farther journey - Liu Changqing's resolution: through ten thousand li of green hills, one lone boat carries him away. The line uses the boat for feeling, somber and bleak, the poem's most moving point: the lone boat on the vast river becomes the image of shared exile.

Study

Word focus

猿啼 'The, apes, crying' — the crying of the apes, the desolation of the dusk. 「猿啼」写猿啼客散暮江头，是写猿啼之态的关键。「猿啼客散暮江头」着一「猿啼」，写猿啼——着一「猿啼」，写猿啼客散暮江头，见其猿之啼。两字写尽猿啼之态，是「以词写啼」的妙笔。「猿啼」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
暮江头 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「暮江头」写猿啼客散暮江头，是写暮江头之态的关键。「猿啼客散暮江头」着一「暮江头」，写暮江头——着一「暮江头」，写猿啼客散暮江头，见其江之暮。三字写尽暮江头之态，是「以词写江」的点睛之词。「暮江头」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
逐臣 'The, banished, ministers' — the ministers of the banishment, the exile of the two. 「逐臣」写同作逐臣君更远，是写逐臣之态的关键。「同作逐臣君更远」着一「逐臣」，写逐臣——着一「逐臣」，写同作逐臣君更远，见其臣之逐。两字写尽逐臣之态，是「以词写臣」的点睛之词。「逐臣」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
孤舟 'The, lone, boat' — the boat of the lone, the loneliness of the close. 「孤舟」写青山万里一孤舟，是写孤舟之态的关键。「青山万里一孤舟」着一「孤舟」，写孤舟——着一「孤舟」，写青山万里一孤舟，见其舟之孤。两字写尽孤舟之态，是「以词写舟」的点睛之词。「孤舟」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。

Related Reading

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Compare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.

苏轼《水调歌头·明月几时有》「人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全」，写感怀旷达，是宋词长调的名篇；刘长卿《重送裴郎中贬吉州》则以「同作逐臣君更远，青山万里一孤舟」「猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流」写逐臣君更远、客散暮江头。两诗同写送别感怀、超然旷达：一写人有悲欢离合、以悲欢写离合，一写同作逐臣君更远青山万里一孤舟、以孤舟写送别；一为苏轼之超然、一为刘长卿之沉郁，并读正可见诗写「送别感怀」的两种笔法，皆于送别之中见感怀。

 八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天 Eight Beats of Ganzhou: Facing the Evening Rain 柳永 · 同写送别羁旅、凝望天涯，一写误几回天际识归舟、一写青山万里一孤舟，皆于送别之中见凝望 Related reading

Compare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.

柳永《八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天》「想佳人妆楼颙望，误几回、天际识归舟」，写送别羁旅、凝望天涯，是宋词写羁旅的名篇；刘长卿《重送裴郎中贬吉州》则以「青山万里一孤舟」「猿啼客散暮江头，人自伤心水自流」写万里一孤舟、客散暮江头。两诗同写送别羁旅、凝望天涯：一写误几回天际识归舟、以凝望写思归，一写青山万里一孤舟、以孤舟写凝望；一为柳永之清丽、一为刘长卿之沉郁，并读正可见诗写「送别凝望」的两种笔法，皆于送别之中见凝望。