唐 Tang · 诗 Poem
鹧鸪
The, Partridge
暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡。
雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼。
游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低。
相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西。
The, class, of, the, breed, should, be, near, the, pheasant, of, the, mountains.
In, the, rain, the, dusk, passing, by, the, side, of, the, Green, Grass, Lake,
The, flowers, falling, in, the, Yellow, Mausoleum, Temple, crying.
The, traveler, suddenly, hearing, the, sleeves, of, the, march, wet,
The, beauty, just, singing, the, emerald, brows, low.
Calling, each, other, in, response, across, the, broad, Xiang, River,
In, the, deep, bitter, bamboos, the, spring, day, setting, west.
Meaning
A poem of the partridge and the sorrow, written by Zheng Gu. In the warm air playing in the misty weeds the embroidered wings even, the class of the breed should be near the pheasant of the mountains — the partridge of the opening. In the rain the dusk passing by the side of the Green Grass Lake, the flowers falling in the Yellow Mausoleum Temple crying — the scene of the middle. The traveler suddenly hearing the sleeves of the march wet, the beauty just singing the emerald brows low — the sorrow of the middle. And the close's calling each other in response across the broad Xiang River, in the deep bitter bamboos the spring day setting west — the close's sorrow. The poem is the partridge and the sorrow: the cry, the traveler, and the close's calling.
暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡。雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼。游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低。相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西。
Appreciation
[Plain Paraphrase] In, the, warm, air, playing, in, the, misty, weeds, the, embroidered, wings, even, the, class, of, the, breed, should, be, near, the, pheasant, of, the, mountains. In, the, rain, the, dusk, passing, by, the, side, of, the, Green, Grass, Lake, the, flowers, falling, in, the, Yellow, Mausoleum, Temple, crying. The, traveler, suddenly, hearing, the, sleeves, of, the, march, wet, the, beauty, just, singing, the, emerald, brows, low. Calling, each, other, in, response, across, the, broad, Xiang, River, in, the, deep, bitter, bamboos, the, spring, day, setting, west. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the partridge of the misty weeds and the embroidered wings, through the cry of the dusk and the rain with the sorrow of the traveler and the beauty, to the close's the calling across the Xiang River and the spring day setting west. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the sorrow: the traveler suddenly hearing the sleeves wet, and the close's the calling each other across the Xiang River — the partridge gathered in the cry and the close's sorrow. [Emotional Tone] Sorrowful, dreary, and haunting: the poem is the cry, the traveler and the close's calling.
【白话串讲】 郑谷写《鹧鸪》：“暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡”——“雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼”——“游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低”——“相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西”——他写鹧鸪——游子乍闻征袖湿。 【意象与手法】 “暖戏烟芜锦翼齐、品流应得近山鸡”写鹧鸪暖戏；“雨昏青草湖边过、花落黄陵庙里啼”写雨昏青草湖边过；“游子乍闻征袖湿、佳人才唱翠眉低”写游子乍闻征袖湿；结以“相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西”写苦竹丛深春日西。含蓄深婉。 【情感与主旨】 郑谷咏鹧鸪之作，以“雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼”写鹧鸪声之哀，是咏物诗中的名篇。 【名句点睛】 常考“雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼”写鹧鸪声之哀；“游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低”写闻声感怀。
Background
Zheng Gu (c. 851-910), the poet of the late Tang, wrote this 'The, Partridge' of the partridge and the sorrow — the melancholy of the bird's cry. The embroidered wings of the misty weeds with the cry of the dusk, the traveler with the wet sleeves and the beauty with the low brows, and the close's the calling across the Xiang River — the poem gathers the sorrow of the poet, the melancholy of the cry. The poem is one of the most famous works of the poet's poems of the objects, gaining him the name 'Zheng, the, Partridge'.
《鹧鸪》为晚唐诗人郑谷所作诗。郑谷（约851—约910），字守愚，袁州宜春（今江西宜春）人，晚唐诗人，因咏鹧鸪诗著名，人称「郑鹧鸪」。此诗写咏物写景，为咏鹧鸪之作。诗中「暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡」写暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡；「雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼」写雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼；「游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低」写游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低；「相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西」写相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西。郑谷此诗以咏物写景、苦竹丛深春日西写其咏物之情，含蓄深婉，是郑谷诗中的名篇。此篇《鹧鸪》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《鹧鸪》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。
Art
The poem's art is the art of the sorrow. The partridge opens: in, the, warm, air, playing, in, the, misty, weeds, the, embroidered, wings, even — the embroidered wings of the misty weeds; the, class, of, the, breed, should, be, near, the, pheasant, of, the, mountains — the pheasant of the mountains. The cry follows: in, the, rain, the, dusk, passing, by, the, side, of, the, Green, Grass, Lake — the dusk of the Green Grass Lake; the, flowers, falling, in, the, Yellow, Mausoleum, Temple, crying — the crying of the Yellow Mausoleum Temple; the, traveler, suddenly, hearing, the, sleeves, of, the, march, wet — the traveler of the wet sleeves; the, beauty, just, singing, the, emerald, brows, low — the beauty of the low brows. And the close gathers the sorrow: calling, each, other, in, response, across, the, broad, Xiang, River — the calling across the Xiang River; in, the, deep, bitter, bamboos, the, spring, day, setting, west — the spring day of the setting west — the partridge, the cry and the close's sorrow, gathered in the poem.
此诗艺术上以「含蓄深婉、以物写情」见长。全诗共四联八句，由暖戏烟芜锦翼齐、雨昏青草湖边过而游子乍闻征袖湿、苦竹丛深春日西。首联「暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡」写暖戏烟芜锦翼齐：暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡；颔联「雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼」写雨昏青草湖边过：雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼；颈联「游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低」写游子乍闻征袖湿：游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低；尾联「相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西」写苦竹丛深春日西：相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西。全诗以物写情，由暖戏烟芜锦翼齐而苦竹丛深春日西，含蓄深婉，是郑谷诗中的名篇。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。
Allusions
'The Green Grass Lake' (qing cao hu) is the Green Grass Lake — the lake of the Green Grass, the passing of the dusk; 'the Yellow Mausoleum Temple' (Huang ling miao) is the Yellow Mausoleum Temple — the temple of the Yellow Mausoleum, the crying of the flowers; 'the Xiang River' (Xiang jiang) is the Xiang River — the river of the Xiang, the calling of the close.
诗中「暖戏烟芜锦翼齐品流应得近山鸡」「雨昏青草湖边过花落黄陵庙里啼」「游子乍闻征袖湿佳人才唱翠眉低」「相呼相应湘江阔苦竹丛深春日西」等语，皆含典故故实。「暖戏烟芜锦翼齐品流应得近山鸡」写暖戏烟芜锦翼齐品流应得近山鸡；「雨昏青草湖边过花落黄陵庙里啼」用黄陵庙之典（黄陵庙为湘妃庙），写雨昏青草湖边过花落黄陵庙里啼；「游子乍闻征袖湿佳人才唱翠眉低」写游子乍闻征袖湿佳人才唱翠眉低；「相呼相应湘江阔苦竹丛深春日西」用湘江之典，写相呼相应湘江阔苦竹丛深春日西。诗人以黄陵庙、湘江等典入诗，不着痕迹，而把咏物写景之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。
Commentary
This poem is one of the most famous works of Zheng Gu's poems of the objects, quoted for the haunting of its cry and the sorrow of its close. The crying in the Yellow Mausoleum Temple, and the calling across the Xiang River, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's sorrow: the partridge gathered in the cry, to the close's calling.
这首《鹧鸪》，是郑谷写咏物写景之作，写暖戏烟芜锦翼齐、雨昏青草湖边过、苦竹丛深春日西之情，含蓄深婉。首联「暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡」——暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡。写暖戏烟芜锦翼齐：暖戏烟芜锦翼齐、品流应得近山鸡——暖戏烟芜、锦翼齐、近山鸡；颔联「雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼」——雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼（用黄陵庙之典）。写雨昏青草湖边过：雨昏青草湖边过、花落黄陵庙里啼——青草湖边过、黄陵庙里啼；颈联「游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低」——游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低。写游子乍闻征袖湿：游子乍闻征袖湿、佳人才唱翠眉低——乍闻征袖湿、才唱翠眉低；尾联「相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西」——相呼相应湘江阔（用湘江之典），苦竹丛深春日西。写苦竹丛深春日西：相呼相应湘江阔、苦竹丛深春日西——相呼相应湘江阔、苦竹丛深日西。这「相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西」，是全诗之结：以苦竹丛深春日西写其咏物。全诗含蓄深婉，以物写情，正是郑谷诗中的名篇。
Prosody
Line by line
暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡。
In, the, warm, air, playing, in, the, misty, weeds, the, embroidered, wings, even, the, class, of, the, breed, should, be, near, the, pheasant, of, the, mountains.
暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，品流应得近山鸡。
Warm in the misty marsh they sport, brocade wings aligned; their kind should rank near the pheasant.
首联写暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，起笔即见其鹧鸪。「暖戏烟芜锦翼齐」写暖戏烟芜锦翼齐，「暖戏烟芜」写暖日戏于烟芜、「锦翼齐」写锦翼整齐；「品流应得近山鸡」写品流应得近山鸡，「品流」写品流、「应得近山鸡」写应近山鸡。两句一写暖戏烟芜锦翼齐、一写品流应得近山鸡，以暖戏烟芜锦翼齐写鹧鸪之态、以品流应得近山鸡写其品流，写尽暖戏烟芜锦翼齐、品流应得近山鸡之情。以物起兴，含蓄而明快，是「以物起兴」的妙笔。
The opening couplet writes warm in the misty marsh they sport, brocade wings aligned, the francolin named at the first stroke. Warm in the misty marsh: the sunny sport in the weedy waste. Brocade wings aligned: the neat patterned plumage. Their kind should rank near the pheasant: the species comparison. One couplet writes the francolin's warm sport and its rank near the pheasant - Zheng Gu's starting point for the francolin: the bird's bright plumage in the sun. The line opens with the thing as bi-xing, reserved and bright: the bird's form at once.
雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼。
In, the, rain, the, dusk, passing, by, the, side, of, the, Green, Grass, Lake, the, flowers, falling, in, the, Yellow, Mausoleum, Temple, crying.
雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼。
In the rain's dimness they cross by Green Grass Lake; as flowers fall, they cry in Huangling Temple.
此二句写雨昏青草湖边过，是全诗以典写景的关键。「雨昏青草湖边过」写雨昏青草湖边过，「雨昏青草」写雨昏青草、「湖边过」写湖边过；「花落黄陵庙里啼」写花落黄陵庙里啼，用黄陵庙之典写花落黄陵庙里啼。两句一写雨昏青草湖边过、一写花落黄陵庙里啼，以雨昏青草湖边过写青草湖边、以花落黄陵庙里啼写黄陵庙啼，写尽雨昏青草湖边过、花落黄陵庙里啼之情。以典写景，含蓄而深婉，是「以典写景」的点睛之笔。
These two lines write in the rain's dimness they cross by Green Grass Lake, the key to the poem's allusion-scenery. In the rain's dimness Green Grass: the dim rainy lakeshore. They cross by Green Grass Lake: the bird's crossing. As flowers fall, they cry in Huangling Temple uses the Huangling Temple allusion (the Xiang consorts): the temple's crying. One couplet writes the rainy lakeshore crossing and the temple crying as flowers fall - Zheng Gu's scene: the francolin's cry set in the sad legend places. The line uses allusion for scenery, reserved and deep: the crying itself becomes elegy.
游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低。
The traveler, hearing it of a sudden, wets his campaigning sleeves; the beauty has just sung, her green brows lowered.
游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低。
The traveler suddenly hearing it, his campaigning sleeves wet; the beauty just singing, her green brows lowered.
此二句写游子乍闻征袖湿，是全诗写闻声之感的关键。「游子乍闻征袖湿」写游子乍闻征袖湿，「游子乍闻」写游子乍闻、「征袖湿」写征袖湿；「佳人才唱翠眉低」写佳人才唱翠眉低，「佳人才唱」写佳人刚唱、「翠眉低」写翠眉低。两句一写游子乍闻征袖湿、一写佳人才唱翠眉低，以游子乍闻征袖湿写游子泪湿、以佳人才唱翠眉低写佳人眉低，写尽游子乍闻征袖湿、佳人才唱翠眉低之情。以声写感，含蓄而深婉，是「以声写感」的点睛之笔。
These two lines write the traveler suddenly hearing it, his campaigning sleeves wet, the key to the poem's hearing-feeling. The traveler suddenly hearing: the startle at the cry. His campaigning sleeves wet: the tears. The beauty just singing: her song's start. Her green brows lowered: the sad brows. One couplet writes the traveler's wet sleeves and the beauty's lowered brows - Zheng Gu's pivot: the francolin's cry touches both the far traveler and the singing woman. The line uses sound for feeling, reserved and deep: the cry's power shown through two hearers' reactions.
相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西。
Calling, each, other, in, response, across, the, broad, Xiang, River, in, the, deep, bitter, bamboos, the, spring, day, setting, west.
相呼相应湘江阔，苦竹丛深春日西。
Calling and answering across the broad Xiang River; bitter bamboo groves deep, the spring sun setting.
尾联写苦竹丛深春日西，是全诗立意的落点。「相呼相应湘江阔」写相呼相应湘江阔，用湘江之典写相呼相应湘江阔；「苦竹丛深春日西」写苦竹丛深春日西，「苦竹丛深」写苦竹丛深、「春日西」写春日西。两句一写相呼相应湘江阔、一写苦竹丛深春日西，以相呼相应湘江阔写相呼相应、以苦竹丛深春日西写丛深日西，写尽相呼相应湘江阔、苦竹丛深春日西之情。以景写情，含蓄而深婉，是全诗最动人处，也是「以景写情」的点睛之笔。
The closing couplet writes bitter bamboo groves deep, the spring sun setting, the poem's landing. Calling and answering across the broad Xiang River uses the Xiang River allusion: the wide water. Bitter bamboo groves deep: the thicket. The spring sun setting: the westward day. One couplet writes the calling across the broad river and the deep groves at sunset - Zheng Gu's resolution: the francolins' calls fade into the deepening bamboo as the sun sets. The line uses scenery for feeling, reserved and deep, the poem's most moving point: the calls' echo across the vast river holds the sorrow.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
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晏殊《蝶恋花·槛菊愁烟兰泣露》「槛菊愁烟兰泣露。罗幕轻寒，燕子双飞去」，写咏物凝愁、闻声怀远，是宋词写愁的名篇；郑谷《鹧鸪》则以「雨昏青草湖边过，花落黄陵庙里啼」「游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低」写黄陵庙里啼、征袖湿翠眉低。两诗同写咏物凝愁、闻声怀远：一写槛菊愁烟兰泣露、以菊烟写愁，一写雨昏青草湖边过花落黄陵庙里啼、以鹧鸪声写愁；一为晏殊之温润、一为郑谷之婉丽，并读正可见诗写「咏物凝愁」的两种笔法，皆于咏物之中见凝愁。
八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天 Eight Beats of Ganzhou: Facing the Evening Rain 柳永 · 同写羁旅闻声、征袖泪湿，一写想佳人妆楼颙望、一写游子乍闻征袖湿，皆于羁旅之中见泪湿 Related readingCompare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.
柳永《八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天》「想佳人妆楼颙望，误几回、天际识归舟」，写羁旅怀远、登高凝望，是宋词写羁旅的名篇；郑谷《鹧鸪》则以「游子乍闻征袖湿，佳人才唱翠眉低」「苦竹丛深春日西」写征袖湿、苦竹丛深。两诗同写羁旅闻声、征袖泪湿：一写想佳人妆楼颙望、以凝望写羁旅，一写游子乍闻征袖湿、以泪湿写羁旅；一为柳永之清丽、一为郑谷之婉丽，并读正可见诗写「羁旅泪湿」的两种笔法，皆于羁旅之中见泪湿。