唐 Tang · 诗 Poem
赠李白·秋来相顾
To, Li, Bai: The, Autumn, Come, We, Look, at, Each, Other
秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪。
痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄。
Not, yet, achieving, the, cinnabar, elixir, ashamed, before, Ge, Hong.
The, deep, drinking, the, wild, singing, the, days, spent, in, vain,
The, soaring, the, arrogant, for, whom, the, heroism.
Meaning
A poem of the friendship and the sigh, written by Du Fu. The autumn come we look at each other still the drifting duckweed, not yet achieving the cinnabar elixir ashamed before Ge Hong — the wandering of the opening. The deep drinking the wild singing the days spent in vain, the soaring the arrogant for whom the heroism — the sigh of the close. The poem is the friendship and the sigh: the drifting, the drinking, and the close's heroism.
秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪。痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄。
Appreciation
[Plain Paraphrase] The, autumn, come, we, look, at, each, other, still, the, drifting, duckweed, not, yet, achieving, the, cinnabar, elixir, ashamed, before, Ge, Hong. The, deep, drinking, the, wild, singing, the, days, spent, in, vain, the, soaring, the, arrogant, for, whom, the, heroism. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the drifting of the autumn with the cinnabar elixir, through the drinking and the singing of the days, to the close's the soaring heroism for whom. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the close of the sigh: the deep drinking the wild singing the days spent in vain, and the close's the soaring arrogant for whom the heroism — the friendship gathered in the drifting and the close's sigh. [Emotional Tone] Plain, sighing, and affectionate: the poem is the drifting, the drinking and the close's heroism.
【白话串讲】 杜甫写《赠李白·秋来相顾》：“秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪”——“痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄”——他赠李白——飞扬跋扈为谁雄。 【意象与手法】 “秋来相顾尚飘蓬、未就丹砂媿葛洪”写秋来相顾尚飘蓬；“痛饮狂歌空度日”写痛饮狂歌空度日；结以“飞扬跋扈为谁雄”写飞扬跋扈为谁雄。旷放咏人。 【情感与主旨】 杜甫赠李白之作，写秋来相顾尚飘蓬、痛饮狂歌空度日与飞扬跋扈为谁雄的感慨，是杜甫写李白的名篇。 【名句点睛】 常考“秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪”写飘蓬之慨；“痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄”写李白之狂。
Background
Du Fu (712-770), the great poet of the Tang, wrote this 'To, Li, Bai: The, Autumn, Come, We, Look, at, Each, Other' of the friendship and the sigh — the concern for the friend Li Bai. The drifting duckweed of the autumn with the cinnabar elixir, and the close's the drinking and the singing with the heroism for whom — the poem gathers the affection of the poet, the sigh for the friend. The poem is one of the famous works of the poet's poems of the friendship.
《赠李白·秋来相顾》为唐代诗人杜甫所作诗。杜甫（712—770），字子美，号少陵野老，巩县人，唐代诗人。此诗写赠友咏人，为赠李白之作。诗中「秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪」写秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪；「痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄」写痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄。杜甫此诗以赠友咏人、飞扬跋扈为谁雄写其咏人之情，旷放咏人，是杜甫诗中的名篇。此篇《赠李白·秋来相顾》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《赠李白·秋来相顾》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。
Art
The poem's art is the art of the sigh. The friendship opens: the, autumn, come, we, look, at, each, other, still, the, drifting, duckweed — the drifting duckweed of the autumn; not, yet, achieving, the, cinnabar, elixir, ashamed, before, Ge, Hong — the cinnabar elixir of the Ge Hong. The sigh follows: the, deep, drinking, the, wild, singing, the, days, spent, in, vain — the drinking of the days spent in vain; the, soaring, the, arrogant, for, whom, the, heroism — the heroism of the soaring — the friendship, the drifting and the close's sigh, gathered in the poem.
此诗艺术上以「旷放咏人、以歌写情」见长。全诗共四句两联，由秋来相顾尚飘蓬而痛饮狂歌空度日。起「秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪」写秋来相顾尚飘蓬：秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪；结「痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄」写痛饮狂歌空度日：痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄。全诗以歌写情，由秋来相顾尚飘蓬而飞扬跋扈为谁雄，旷放咏人，是杜甫诗中的名篇。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。
Allusions
'The cinnabar elixir' (dan sha) is the cinnabar elixir — the elixir of the cinnabar, the alchemy of the Tao; 'Ge Hong' (Ge Hong) is the Ge Hong — the alchemist of the Jin, the master of the elixir; 'the drifting duckweed' (piao peng) is the drifting duckweed — the duckweed of the drifting, the wandering of the poets.
诗中「秋来相顾尚飘蓬未就丹砂媿葛洪」「痛饮狂歌空度日飞扬跋扈为谁雄」等语，皆含典故故实。「秋来相顾尚飘蓬未就丹砂媿葛洪」用葛洪之典（葛洪写东晋炼丹家），写秋来相顾尚飘蓬未就丹砂媿葛洪；「痛饮狂歌空度日飞扬跋扈为谁雄」写痛饮狂歌空度日飞扬跋扈为谁雄。诗人用葛洪之典入诗，不着痕迹，而把赠友咏人之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。
Commentary
This poem is one of the famous works of Du Fu's poems of the friendship, quoted for the plainness of its concern and the sigh of its close. The drifting duckweed of the autumn, and the heroism for whom, are among the admired passages of the poet's poems. Critics praise the poem's plainness: the friendship gathered in the drinking, to the close's sigh.
这首《赠李白·秋来相顾》，是杜甫写赠友咏人之作，写秋来相顾尚飘蓬、痛饮狂歌空度日、飞扬跋扈为谁雄之情，旷放咏人。起「秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪」——秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪。写秋来相顾尚飘蓬：秋来相顾尚飘蓬、未就丹砂媿葛洪——尚飘蓬、媿葛洪；结「痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄」——痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄。写痛饮狂歌空度日：痛饮狂歌空度日、飞扬跋扈为谁雄——空度日、为谁雄。这「痛饮狂歌空度日，飞扬跋扈为谁雄」，是全诗之结：以飞扬跋扈为谁雄写其咏人。全诗旷放咏人，以歌写情，正是杜甫诗中的名篇。综观全诗，情真、景切、理深，三者浑融无迹，故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意，令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处，正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。综观全诗，情真、景切、理深，三者浑融无迹，故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意，令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处，正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。
Prosody
Line by line
秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪。
The, autumn, come, we, look, at, each, other, still, the, drifting, duckweed, not, yet, achieving, the, cinnabar, elixir, ashamed, before, Ge, Hong.
秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪。
Autumn comes, we face each other, still drifting like tumbleweed; the cinnabar not yet attained, I am ashamed before Ge Hong.
起句写秋来相顾尚飘蓬，起笔即见其飘蓬。「秋来相顾尚飘蓬」写秋来相顾尚飘蓬，「秋来相顾」写秋来相顾、「尚飘蓬」写尚飘蓬；「未就丹砂媿葛洪」用葛洪之典写未就丹砂媿葛洪，「未就丹砂」写未就丹砂、「媿葛洪」写媿葛洪。一句写秋来相顾尚飘蓬未就丹砂媿葛洪，以秋来相顾尚飘蓬写尚飘蓬、以未就丹砂媿葛洪写媿葛洪，写尽秋来相顾尚飘蓬、未就丹砂媿葛洪之情。以蓬起兴，旷放而咏人，是「以蓬起兴」的妙笔。
The opening writes autumn comes, we face each other, still drifting like tumbleweed, the tumbleweed named at the first stroke. Autumn comes, we face each other: the two friends' autumn meeting. Still drifting like tumbleweed: the wandering lot. The cinnabar not yet attained, I am ashamed before Ge Hong uses the Ge Hong allusion (the alchemist): the failed elixir. One couplet writes the autumn meeting and the failed alchemy - Du Fu's starting point for the gift to Li Bai: the two poets' drifting and unfulfilled yearning. The line opens with tumbleweed as bi-xing, open and free in praise of a man: the drifting at once.
痛饮狂歌空度日，
Drinking deep, singing wild, days wasted in vain,
痛饮狂歌空度日，
Drinking to the full, singing wildly, passing days in vain,
此句写痛饮狂歌空度日，是全诗写狂歌之态的关键。「痛饮狂歌」写痛饮狂歌，「痛饮」写痛饮、「狂歌」写狂歌；「空度日」写空度日，「空」写空、「度日」写度日。一句写痛饮狂歌空度日，以痛饮狂歌写狂歌、以空度日写空度日，写尽痛饮狂歌空度日之情。以歌写情，旷放而咏人，是「以歌写情」的点睛之笔。此句以寥寥数语写尽深意，情韵兼胜，正是全诗点睛之笔。其于字句之间暗藏波澜，于平易之中寄寓曲折，尤当反复涵泳，方能得其三昧。
This line writes drinking to the full, singing wildly, passing days in vain, the key to the poem's wild-song state. Drinking to the full: the deep draught. Singing wildly: the unrestrained song. Passing days in vain: the wasted time. One line writes the wild drinking and singing of days in vain - the pivot: Li Bai's grandeur yet emptiness. The line uses song for feeling, open and free in praise of a man: the wildness itself becomes the portrait.
飞扬跋扈为谁雄。
fierce and unruly - for whom do you show your greatness?
飞扬跋扈为谁雄。
unrestrained and untamed - for whom do you play the hero?
结句写飞扬跋扈为谁雄，是全诗立意的落点。「飞扬跋扈」写飞扬跋扈，「飞扬」写飞扬、「跋扈」写跋扈；「为谁雄」写为谁雄，「为谁」写为谁、「雄」写雄。一句写飞扬跋扈为谁雄，以飞扬跋扈写跋扈、以为谁雄写为谁雄，写尽飞扬跋扈为谁雄之情。以雄写情，旷放而咏人，是全诗最动人处，也是「以雄写情」的点睛之笔。此句以寥寥数语写尽深意，情韵兼胜，正是全诗点睛之笔。其于字句之间暗藏波澜，于平易之中寄寓曲折，尤当反复涵泳，方能得其三昧。
The closing line writes unrestrained and untamed - for whom do you play the hero?, the poem's landing. Unrestrained and untamed: the fierce spirit. For whom: the unanswered question. Play the hero: the displayed greatness. One line writes the fierce yet purposeless heroism - the resolution: for whom is this grandeur? The line uses heroism for feeling, open and free in praise of a man, the poem's most moving point: the question holds both admiration and pity.
Study
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Related Reading
Compare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.
苏轼《水调歌头·明月几时有》「人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全」，写咏人感怀、旷放旷达，是宋词长调的名篇；杜甫《赠李白·秋来相顾》则以「秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪」「飞扬跋扈为谁雄」写媿葛洪、为谁雄。两诗同写咏人感怀、旷放旷达：一写人有悲欢离合、以悲欢写离合，一写秋来相顾尚飘蓬未就丹砂媿葛洪、以飘蓬写咏人；一为苏轼之旷达、一为杜甫之旷放，并读正可见诗写「咏人感怀」的两种笔法，皆于咏人之中见旷放。
八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天 Eight Beats of Ganzhou: Facing the Evening Rain 柳永 · 同写秋日凝望、旷放清丽，一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、一写秋来相顾尚飘蓬未就丹砂媿葛洪，皆于秋日之中见凝望 Related readingCompare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.
柳永《八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天》「对潇潇暮雨洒江天，一番洗清秋」，写秋日凝望、旷放清丽，是宋词写羁旅的名篇；杜甫《赠李白·秋来相顾》则以「秋来相顾尚飘蓬，未就丹砂媿葛洪」「痛饮狂歌空度日」写媿葛洪、空度日。两诗同写秋日凝望、旷放清丽：一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、以暮雨写清秋，一写秋来相顾尚飘蓬未就丹砂媿葛洪、以飘蓬写咏人；一为柳永之清丽、一为杜甫之旷放，并读正可见诗写「秋日凝望」的两种笔法，皆于秋日之中见凝望。