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唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

杂曲歌辞 渭城曲

Miscellaneous Song Words: The Song of Weicheng

王维

Wang Wei

谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人

The morning rain of the Weicheng, wetting the light dust,
The guest house, green, the color of the willows, the new.
Urging the lord, further, one cup of the wine,
Going west, out of the Yang Pass, no old acquaintance.
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Meaning

A poem of the farewell and the wine, written by Wang Wei. The morning rain of the Weicheng, wetting the light dust — the guest house, green, the color of the willows, the new — the morning rain and the green willows. Urging the lord, further, one cup of the wine — going west, out of the Yang Pass, no old acquaintance — the cup of the wine and the no acquaintance of the west. The poem is the farewell and the wine: the morning rain, the cup of the wine, and the close's no old acquaintance out of the pass.

谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The morning rain of the Weicheng, wetting the light dust, the guest house, green, the color of the willows, the new. Urging the lord, further, one cup of the wine, going west, out of the Yang Pass, no old acquaintance. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the morning rain and the green willows of the scene, through the cup of the wine, to the close's no old acquaintance out of the Yang Pass. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the cup of the wine: the morning rain and the green willows of the farewell, and the close's cup urging with the no old acquaintance — the farewell gathered in the cup and the close's no acquaintance. [Emotional Tone] Clear, deep, and affectionate: the poem is the farewell, the cup of the wine and the close's no old acquaintance.

【白话串讲】 王维写《杂曲歌辞·渭城曲》：“渭城朝雨浥轻尘，客舍青青柳色春”——“劝君更尽一杯酒，西出阳关无故人”——他写渭城送别——西出阳关无故人。 【意象与手法】 “渭城朝雨浥轻尘、客舍青青柳色春”写朝雨浥轻尘；“劝君更尽一杯酒、西出阳关无故人”写劝君更尽一杯酒；结以“西出阳关无故人”写西出阳关无故人。深情送别。 【情感与主旨】 王维写渭城送别之作，以“劝君更尽一杯酒，西出阳关无故人”写深情别意，是送别诗中最负盛名的名篇。 【名句点睛】 常考“渭城朝雨浥轻尘，客舍青青柳色春”写朝雨浥尘；“劝君更尽一杯酒，西出阳关无故人”写深情别意。

Background

Wang Wei (701–761) wrote this 'Miscellaneous Song Words: The Song of Weicheng' of the farewell — the famous song of the parting. The morning rain of the Weicheng wetting the light dust, the guest house green with the color of the willows, the cup of the wine urging the lord, and the close's no old acquaintance out of the Yang Pass — the poem gathers the farewell of the poet, the deep feeling of the parting. The poem is one of the most famous farewell works of the Tang, known as the 'Yang Pass Triple Layer'.

《杂曲歌辞 渭城曲》为唐代诗人王维所作诗。王维（约701—761），字摩诘，河东蒲州人，唐代诗人。此诗写送别咏情，为送别之作。诗中「谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春」写谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春；「劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人」写劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人。王维此诗以送别咏情、西出阳关无故人写其咏情之情，深情送别，是王维诗中的名篇。此篇《杂曲歌辞 渭城曲》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《杂曲歌辞 渭城曲》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《杂曲歌辞 渭城曲》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the farewell. The scene opens: the morning rain of the Weicheng, wetting the light dust — the morning rain of the Weicheng; the guest house, green, the color of the willows, the new — the green willows of the guest house. The wine follows: urging the lord, further, one cup of the wine — the cup of the wine urging the lord. And the close gathers the farewell: going west, out of the Yang Pass, no old acquaintance — the no old acquaintance of the west — the morning rain, the cup of the wine and the close's no acquaintance, gathered in the poem.

此诗艺术上以「深情送别、以酒写情」见长。全诗共四句，由谓城朝雨浥轻尘而劝君更尽一杯酒。起「谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春」写谓城朝雨浥轻尘：谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春；结「劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人」写劝君更尽一杯酒：劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人。全诗以酒写情，由谓城朝雨浥轻尘而西出阳关无故人，深情送别，是王维诗中的名篇。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。

Allusions

'The Weicheng' (Weicheng) is the Weicheng — the city of the Wei, the place of the farewell; 'the morning rain' (zhao yu) is the morning rain — the rain of the morning, wetting the dust; 'the guest house' (ke she) is the guest house — the house of the guest, the green willows; 'the Yang Pass' (Yang guan) is the Yang Pass — the pass of the west, the no old acquaintance of the close.

诗中「谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春」「劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人」等语，皆含典故故实。「谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春」用柳色之典（柳色写折柳送别），写谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春；「劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人」用阳关之典（阳关写送别关），写劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人。诗人用柳色、阳关之典入诗，不着痕迹，而把送别咏情之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。

Commentary

This poem is one of the most famous farewell works of Wang Wei, quoted for the cup of its wine and the no acquaintance of its close. The morning rain and the green willows, and the no old acquaintance out of the Yang Pass, are among the admired images of the poet's farewell poems. Critics praise the poem's deep feeling: the farewell gathered in the cup of the wine, to the close's no old acquaintance.

这首《杂曲歌辞 渭城曲》，是王维写送别咏情之作，写谓城朝雨浥轻尘、劝君更尽一杯酒、西出阳关无故人之情，深情送别。起「谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春」——谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春。写谓城朝雨浥轻尘：谓城朝雨浥轻尘、客舍青青柳色春——浥轻尘、柳色春；结「劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人」——劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人。写劝君更尽一杯酒：劝君更尽一杯酒、西出阳关无故人——一杯酒、无故人。这「劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人」，是全诗之结：以西出阳关无故人写其咏情。全诗深情送别，以酒写情，正是王维诗中的名篇。综观全诗，情真、景切、理深，三者浑融无迹，故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意，令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处，正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。综观全诗，情真、景切、理深，三者浑融无迹，故能于短短数语之中寄无限深意，令人百读不厌。其含蓄蕴藉之处，正是中国古典诗歌以少总多、言有尽而意无穷的美学精神的生动体现。

Prosody

Form A regulated seven-character poem of the farewell诗（七言绝句）
Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level-tone chen, xin and ren of the group — the even, level rhyme that carries the deep farewell.此诗为七言绝句，共四句。押韵：「春」「人」押真部韵。前两句起、后两句转合，平仄相间，正与写送别咏情的深情送别相称，也见其以七绝写咏情的凝练。
Tone pattern The cadence is that of the farewell: the level opening with the rain and the willows, the turning with the cup of the wine, and the close's fall with the no old acquaintance.句式上，「谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春」写谓城朝雨浥轻尘，音节深情；结「劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人」写劝君更尽一杯酒，音节悠长。全诗音节随情起伏，由深情而悠长，正合七绝「凝练」之妙，读来如送别咏情、西出阳关无故人之音，深情而动人。
Reading note The poem's sound matches its deep feeling: the even, level rhymes carry the cadence of the farewell, and the close — 'xi chu yang guan wu gu ren' — falls with the old acquaintance, the sound of the deep parting of the poet.此诗为七言绝句，是王维写送别咏情之作，也是其诗中的名篇。全诗的艺术特色在于「深情送别、以酒写情」：「谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春」写谓城朝雨浥轻尘、「劝君更尽一杯酒西出阳关无故人」写劝君更尽一杯酒。全诗深情送别，以酒写情。尤为精妙者，是「客舍青青柳色春」用柳色之典；而「西出阳关无故人」用阳关之典，正是王维诗「深情送别」的典范，为历代选本所常收。《杂曲歌辞 渭城曲》一诗之所以读来声情并茂，正在于诗人以声韵配合情思、以节奏烘托意境，音节之长短、平仄之起伏，皆与诗意相为表里，此亦可见中国古典诗歌声律之美与匠心之工。

Line by line

谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春

The morning rain of the Weicheng, wetting the light dust, the guest house, green, the color of the willows, the new.

谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春

Weicheng's morning rain has moistened the light dust; the inn is green, the willows fresh with spring.

起句写谓城朝雨浥轻尘，起笔即见其朝雨。「谓城朝雨浥轻尘」写谓城朝雨浥轻尘，「谓城朝雨」写谓城朝雨、「浥轻尘」写浥轻尘；「客舍青青柳色春」用柳色之典写客舍青青柳色春，「客舍青青」写客舍青青、「柳色春」写柳色春。一句写谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春，以谓城朝雨浥轻尘写浥轻尘、以客舍青青柳色春写柳色春，写尽谓城朝雨浥轻尘、客舍青青柳色春之情。以雨起兴，深情而送别，是「以雨起兴」的妙笔。

The opening writes Weicheng's morning rain has moistened the light dust, the morning rain named at the first stroke. Weicheng's morning rain: the Wei City dawn. Has moistened the light dust: the settled road. The inn is green, the willows fresh with spring uses the willow allusion: the green inn, the spring willow color. One block writes the rain-moistened road and the green willows - Wang Wei's starting point for the farewell: the fresh morning scene around the inn. The line opens with rain as bi-xing, affectionate and farewell-themed: the wet willows at once suggest the parting.

劝君更尽一杯酒

I urge you to drain yet one more cup of wine

劝君更尽一杯酒

I urge you to finish one more cup of wine.

此句写劝君更尽一杯酒，是全诗写杯酒之态的关键。「劝君更尽」写劝君更尽，「劝君」写劝君、「更尽」写更尽；「一杯酒」写一杯酒，「一杯」写一杯、「酒」写酒。一句写劝君更尽一杯酒，以劝君更尽写更尽、以一杯酒写一杯酒，写尽劝君更尽一杯酒之情。以酒写情，深情而送别，是「以酒写情」的点睛之笔。此句以寥寥数语写尽深意，情韵兼胜，正是全诗点睛之笔。其于字句之间暗藏波澜，于平易之中寄寓曲折，尤当反复涵泳，方能得其三昧。

This line writes I urge you to finish one more cup of wine, the key to the poem's cup-wine state. I urge you: the pressing host. One more cup: the drained cup. One line writes the urging to drain one more cup - the pivot: the farewell's warmth concentrated in the final toast. The line uses wine for feeling, affectionate and farewell-themed: the extra cup holds all the unspoken farewell.

西出阳关无故人

west of Yang Gate there will be no old friend.

西出阳关无故人

West of Yang Gate, no old friend.

结句写西出阳关无故人，是全诗立意的落点。「西出阳关」用阳关之典写西出阳关，「西出」写西出、「阳关」写阳关；「无故人」写无故人，「无」写无、「故人」写故人。一句写西出阳关无故人，以西出阳关写阳关、以无故人写无故人，写尽西出阳关无故人之情。以关写情，深情而送别，是全诗最动人处，也是「以关写情」的点睛之笔。

The closing line writes west of Yang Gate, no old friend, the poem's landing. West of Yang Gate uses the Yang Gate allusion: the western frontier. No old friend: the coming loneliness. One line writes the old friend's absence west of the pass - the resolution: beyond Yang Gate, no one will know him. The line uses the pass for feeling, affectionate and farewell-themed, the poem's most moving point: the open road's loneliness stated in plain words.

Study

Word focus

朝雨 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「朝雨」写谓城朝雨浥轻尘，是写朝雨之态的关键。「谓城朝雨浥轻尘」着一「朝雨」，写朝雨——着一「朝雨」，写谓城朝雨浥轻尘，见其雨之朝。两字写尽朝雨之态，是「以词写雨」的妙笔。「朝雨」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
轻尘 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「轻尘」写谓城朝雨浥轻尘，是写轻尘之态的关键。「谓城朝雨浥轻尘」着一「轻尘」，写轻尘——着一「轻尘」，写谓城朝雨浥轻尘，见其尘之轻。两字写尽轻尘之态，是「以词写尘」的点睛之词。「轻尘」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
柳色 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. 「柳色」写客舍青青柳色春，是写柳色之态的关键。「客舍青青柳色春」着一「柳色」，写柳色——着一「柳色」，写客舍青青柳色春，见其色之柳。两字写尽柳色之态，是「以词写色」的点睛之词。「柳色」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
阳关 'The Yang Pass' — the pass of the west, the pass of the no acquaintance. 「阳关」写西出阳关无故人，是写阳关之态的关键。「西出阳关无故人」着一「阳关」，写阳关——着一「阳关」，写西出阳关无故人，见其关之阳。两字写尽阳关之态，是「以词写关」的点睛之词。「阳关」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。

Related Reading

水调歌头·明月几时有 Prelude to Water Melody: When Will the Bright Moon Appear 苏轼 · 同写送别感怀、深情旷达，一写人有悲欢离合、一写谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春，皆于送别之中见深情 Both are the works of the feeling of the farewell — the moon of the brother of Su Shi, the wine of the lord of Wang Wei — the two feelings of the parting.

Su Shi's 'Prelude to Water Melody' — 'the bright moon, when will it appear' — is the feeling of the parting of the brother; Wang Wei's 'The Song of Weicheng' — 'one cup of the wine' — is the feeling of the parting of the friend — the two feelings of the parting, the one of the brother, the other of the friend.

苏轼《水调歌头·明月几时有》「人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全」，写送别感怀、深情旷达，是宋词长调的名篇；王维《杂曲歌辞 渭城曲》则以「谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春」「西出阳关无故人」写柳色春、无故人。两诗同写送别感怀、深情旷达：一写人有悲欢离合、以悲欢写离合，一写谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春、以柳色写送别；一为苏轼之旷达、一为王维之深情，并读正可见诗写「送别感怀」的两种笔法，皆于送别之中见深情。

 八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天 Eight Beats of Ganzhou: Facing the Evening Rain That Spatters the Long River 柳永 · 同写客舍凝望、深情清丽，一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、一写谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春，皆于客舍之中见凝望 Both are the works of the farewell of the guest house — the rain of the river of Liu Yong, the rain of the Weicheng of Wang Wei — the two farewells of the rain.

Liu Yong's 'Eight Beats of Ganzhou' — 'the evening rain that spatters the long river' — is the farewell of the rain of the river; Wang Wei's 'The Song of Weicheng' — 'the morning rain of the Weicheng' — is the farewell of the rain of the city — the two farewells of the rain, the one of the river, the other of the Weicheng.

柳永《八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天》「对潇潇暮雨洒江天，一番洗清秋」，写客舍凝望、深情清丽，是宋词写羁旅的名篇；王维《杂曲歌辞 渭城曲》则以「谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春」「劝君更尽一杯酒」写柳色春、一杯酒。两诗同写客舍凝望、深情清丽：一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、以暮雨写清秋，一写谓城朝雨浥轻尘客舍青青柳色春、以柳色写送别；一为柳永之清丽、一为王维之深情，并读正可见诗写「客舍凝望」的两种笔法，皆于客舍之中见凝望。