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唐 Tang · 诗 Poem

独不见

Never Seen, Always Alone

沈佺期

Shen Quanqi

卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁。
九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳。
白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长。
谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄。

The young wife of the Lu house, in her hall of turmeric;
sea-swallows roost in pairs on the beams of tortoiseshell.
In the ninth month the cold fulling-blocks hasten the falling leaves;
ten years of frontier garrison, and she remembers Liaoyang.
North of the White Wolf River all news is cut off;
south of the Red Phoenix Wall the autumn night is long.
Who says that, burdened with grief, she is left alone and unvisited?
The bright moon is made to go on shining down upon her yellow gauze.
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Meaning

The poem gives the inner life of a young wife whose husband has been away at the northern frontier for ten years. Surrounded by costly furnishings and by swallows that roost in pairs, she beats winter clothing in the cold ninth month, waits for letters that never come, and endures nights that seem endless. The closing couplet turns the moon from a possible comfort into an aggravation: it shines on her empty bed and will not let her forget. Its theme is the loneliness of a woman whose public world is luxurious and whose private world is empty.

卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁。九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳。白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长。谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] In a hall scented with turmeric sits the young wife of the Lu family; on the carved beams the sea-swallows perch two by two. The ninth-month cold strips the leaves from the trees as she beats cloth at the fulling-block; for ten years her husband has garrisoned the north, and her thoughts go to Liaoyang. Beyond the White Wolf River no letter can reach her; within the southern quarter of the capital the autumn night stretches on. Who could say that a woman so full of sorrow is simply not visited? The bright moon is sent to pour its light on her yellow gauze curtain.<br>[Structure] The eight lines divide neatly into the four regulated couplets: the setting of the house, the cause of the grief, the widening of the separation across space, and the closing turn. Each couplet adds a new dimension - wealth, time, distance, light - until the poem has nowhere left to go.<br>[Imagery] The dominant device is contrast by juxtaposition: paired swallows beside a solitary woman, a warm aromatic hall beside a cold frontier, a golden interior beside pale moonlight. Every richness in the first couplet becomes an indictment by the last.<br>[Mood] The tone is restrained and musical rather than bitter. The woman does not complain; the poem complains for her, by arranging images that will not let her be comfortable.

【白话串讲】 沈佺期写《独不见》：“卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁”——“九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳”——“白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长”——“谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄”——他写少妇怀征夫——十年征戍忆辽阳。 【意象与手法】 “卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁”写少妇居所与双燕；“九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳”写十年征戍；“白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长”写音书断秋夜长；结以“谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄”以明月照流黄写含愁。婉转深婉。 【情感与主旨】 沈佺期写闺怨之作，写卢家少妇思忆十年征戍辽阳的丈夫，以双栖海燕反衬独处、明月照流黄写含愁，是初唐闺怨诗的名篇。 【名句点睛】 常考“九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳”写十年征戍；“谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄”以明月照流黄写含愁。

Background

Shen Quanqi (about 656 - about 715), courtesy name Yunqing, was a native of Neihuang in Xiangzhou and rose to be Junior Supervisor of the Household of the Heir Apparent. Along with Song Zhiwen he is credited with fixing the formal rules of the Tang regulated octave, and the two were known as the paired masters Shen and Song. This poem is his best-known work. Its title is an old Music Bureau phrase meaning that the one longed for is never seen, and the piece belongs to the palace-style boudoir lament that early Tang poets inherited from the Southern dynasties and then refined into something tauter and more resonant. The frontier place-names - Liaoyang and the White Wolf River in the far north-east - were live realities in Shen's day, when Tang armies were campaigning in Manchuria and Korea.

《独不见》为唐代诗人沈佺期所作诗。沈佺期（约656—约715），字云卿，相州内黄（今河南内黄）人，初唐诗人，官至太子少詹事。此诗写闺怨，为咏思妇之作。诗中「卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁」写卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁；「九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳」写九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳；「白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长」写白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长；「谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄」写谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄。沈佺期此诗以写闺怨、更教明月照流黄写其闺怨之情，婉转深婉，是沈佺期诗中的名篇。此篇《独不见》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。此篇《独不见》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。

Art

The craft is that of the mature regulated octave: strict antithesis in the middle couplets, exact tonal balance, and a rhyme kept throughout. But the formal polish serves an emotional design. The opening couplet flaunts luxury - turmeric-scented hall, tortoiseshell beams - and then quietly undercuts it with the paired swallows, the one thing in the house that has a mate. The second couplet compresses time: the ninth month's falling leaves measure a single autumn, while ten years measures a life. The third opens the map, setting the husband's silence in the north against her sleeplessness in the south, so that the separation becomes geographical. The closing couplet is the masterstroke: instead of consoling her with shared moonlight, the poet makes the moon an agent of her torment, deliberately illuminating the empty bed. Nothing in the poem is stated directly; everything is done by placing one image against another.

此诗艺术上以「婉转深婉、以月写情」见长。全诗共八句四联，由卢家少妇郁金堂而九月寒砧催木叶而白狼河北音书断。起「卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁」写卢家少妇郁金堂：卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁；「九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳」写九月寒砧催木叶：九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳；「白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长」写白狼河北音书断：白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长；结「谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄」写更教明月照流黄：谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄。全诗以月写情，由卢家少妇郁金堂而更教明月照流黄，婉转深婉，是沈佺期诗中的名篇。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。

Allusions

The young wife of the Lu house comes from the old Music Bureau song of the Lu family women of Luoyang, where a girl of the Lu house became a byword for a beautiful, well-matched wife; Shen takes the phrase and gives the stock figure a history. Liaoyang and the White Wolf River are the real north-eastern frontier of the early Tang, the direction in which husbands vanished for years. Cold fulling-blocks evoke the autumn custom of beating cloth to make winter garments for soldiers at the front, so the sound itself means preparation-for-absence. The paired swallows on the beam belong to a long tradition of love-pair imagery in southern song. None of these weighs the poem down; each is a compressed shorthand that lets eight lines carry a decade.

诗中「卢家少妇郁金堂海燕双栖玳瑁梁」「九月寒砧催木叶十年征戍忆辽阳」「白狼河北音书断丹凤城南秋夜长」「谁谓含愁独不见更教明月照流黄」等语，皆含典故故实。「卢家少妇郁金堂海燕双栖玳瑁梁」用卢家之典（卢家少妇出乐府，写思妇），写卢家少妇郁金堂海燕双栖玳瑁梁；「九月寒砧催木叶十年征戍忆辽阳」用辽阳之典（辽阳为戍地），写九月寒砧催木叶十年征戍忆辽阳；「白狼河北音书断丹凤城南秋夜长」用白狼河之典（白狼河在辽东），写白狼河北音书断丹凤城南秋夜长；「谁谓含愁独不见更教明月照流黄」写谁谓含愁独不见更教明月照流黄。诗人以卢家、辽阳、白狼河之典入诗，不着痕迹，而把写闺怨之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。此等用典之法，熔铸古今而不着痕迹，既不炫博以示学，亦不拘泥于旧解，正见诗人学养之深与运思之巧。读者于此等处尤当细心玩味，方能领会其言外之旨与味外之味。

Commentary

This piece has been praised since the Tang as one of the finest early regulated octaves, and later critics repeatedly singled out the middle couplets for their perfect antithesis of season against duration and of northern silence against southern sleeplessness. Ming and Qing commentators admired the way the closing line refuses the conventional comfort of a shared moon: where most boudoir poems let moonlight join the lovers, this one lets it expose her solitude. Some readers have also noted a political undertone - a courtier's poem about waiting for a distant, unresponsive master - though the surface reading is complete in itself. Its standing in anthologies rests on that completeness: no line is wasted, and no line is merely pretty.

这首《独不见》，是沈佺期写写闺怨之作，写卢家少妇郁金堂、九月寒砧催木叶、白狼河北音书断、更教明月照流黄之情，婉转深婉。起「卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁」——卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁。写卢家少妇郁金堂：卢家少妇郁金堂、海燕双栖玳瑁梁——郁金堂、玳瑁梁；「九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳」——九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳。写九月寒砧催木叶：九月寒砧催木叶、十年征戍忆辽阳——催木叶、忆辽阳；「白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长」——白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长。写白狼河北音书断：白狼河北音书断、丹凤城南秋夜长——音书断、秋夜长；结「谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄」——谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄。写更教明月照流黄：谁谓含愁独不见、更教明月照流黄——独不见、照流黄。这「谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄」，是全诗之结：以更教明月照流黄写其闺怨。全诗婉转深婉，以月写情，正是沈佺期诗中的名篇。

Prosody

Form Seven-character regulated octave (qi yan lü shi), eight lines in four couplets, with strict antithesis required in the middle two couplets.诗（七言律诗）
Rhyme A single level-tone rhyme is sustained through the four even lines, so that the whole poem sounds as one enclosed musical space - appropriate for a woman shut inside a house whose thoughts travel outward.此诗为七言律诗，共八句四联。押韵：「梁」「阳」「长」「黄」押阳部韵。首联起、颔联承、颈联转、尾联合，平仄相间，正与写写闺怨的婉转深婉相称，也见其以七律写闺怨的工稳。
Tone pattern Level and oblique syllables alternate according to the regulated pattern, giving each couplet a poised, balanced cadence. The middle couplets are exactly antithetical in grammar as well as in tone: season against duration, north against south, silence against sleeplessness. The closing couplet loosens into a question and an answer, so the music opens out at the end.句式上，「卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁」写卢家少妇郁金堂，音节和婉；「九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳」写九月寒砧催木叶，音节低沉；「白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长」写白狼河北音书断，音节低回；结「谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄」写更教明月照流黄，音节悠长。全诗音节随情起伏，由和婉而低沉、由低回而悠长，正合七律「工稳」之妙，读来如写闺怨、更教明月照流黄之音，婉转而动人。
Reading note This poem is often cited as a showcase of the newly fixed regulated octave. The form's demand for balance is not a constraint here but the very instrument of meaning: because each couplet must answer itself, the poet can build a series of paired opposites - paired birds and one woman, one autumn and ten years, northern silence and southern night - and let the cumulative pressure of those opposites produce the grief.此诗为七言律诗，是沈佺期写写闺怨之作，也是其诗中的名篇。全诗的艺术特色在于「婉转深婉、以月写情」：「卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁」写卢家少妇郁金堂、「九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳」写九月寒砧催木叶、「白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长」写白狼河北音书断、「谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄」写更教明月照流黄。全诗婉转深婉，以月写情。尤为精妙者，是「卢家少妇郁金堂」用卢家之典；而「更教明月照流黄」写尽照流黄之情，正是沈佺期诗「婉转深婉」的典范，为历代选本所常收。《独不见》一诗之所以读来声情并茂，正在于诗人以声韵配合情思、以节奏烘托意境，音节之长短、平仄之起伏，皆与诗意相为表里，此亦可见中国古典诗歌声律之美与匠心之工。

Line by line

卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁。

The young wife of the Lu house, in her hall of turmeric; sea-swallows roost in pairs on the beams of tortoiseshell.

卢家少妇郁金堂，海燕双栖玳瑁梁。

The young wife of the Lu house in the hall of aromatic balm; the sea swallows roost in pairs on the tortoiseshell beams.

起句写卢家少妇郁金堂，起笔即见其妇。「卢家少妇郁金堂」用卢家之典写卢家少妇郁金堂，「卢家少妇」写卢家少妇、「郁金堂」写郁金堂；「海燕双栖玳瑁梁」写海燕双栖玳瑁梁，「海燕双栖」写海燕双栖、「玳瑁梁」写玳瑁梁。一句写卢家少妇郁金堂海燕双栖玳瑁梁，以卢家少妇郁金堂写郁金堂、以海燕双栖玳瑁梁写玳瑁梁，写尽卢家少妇郁金堂、海燕双栖玳瑁梁之情。以堂起兴，婉转而深婉，是「以堂起兴」的妙笔。

The opening line writes the young wife of the Lu house in the hall of aromatic balm, the wife at once. The young wife of the Lu house uses the Lu-house allusion; the hall of aromatic balm the chamber. The sea swallows roost in pairs on the tortoiseshell beams writes the paired swallows. The line writes to the full the feeling of the fragrant hall and the paired roosting. Rising through the hall, winding and deep-tender, the fine brush of rising through the chamber.

九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳。

In the ninth month the cold fulling-blocks hasten the falling leaves; ten years of frontier garrison, and she remembers Liaoyang.

九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳。

The cold washing-block of the ninth month hurries the leaves to fall; ten years at garrison, she longs for Liaoyang.

此句写九月寒砧催木叶，是全诗写寒砧之态的关键。「九月寒砧催木叶」写九月寒砧催木叶，「九月寒砧」写九月寒砧、「催木叶」写催木叶；「十年征戍忆辽阳」用辽阳之典写十年征戍忆辽阳，「十年征戍」写十年征戍、「忆辽阳」写忆辽阳。一句写九月寒砧催木叶十年征戍忆辽阳，以九月寒砧催木叶写催木叶、以十年征戍忆辽阳写忆辽阳，写尽九月寒砧催木叶、十年征戍忆辽阳之情。以砧写情，婉转而深婉，是「以砧写情」的点睛之笔。

This line writes the cold washing-block of the ninth month hurries the leaves to fall, the key of the whole's writing the cold block. The words the cold washing-block of the ninth month write the block; hurries the leaves to fall the urging. Ten years at garrison, she longs for Liaoyang uses the Liaoyang allusion. The line writes to the full the feeling of the cold block hurrying the leaves and the ten years' longing for Liaoyang. Writing feeling through the block, winding and deep-tender, the eye-dotting brush.

白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长。

North of the White Wolf River all news is cut off; south of the Red Phoenix Wall the autumn night is long.

白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长。

North of the White Wolf River, letters are cut off; south of the Red Phoenix town, the autumn night is long.

此句写白狼河北音书断，是全诗写音书之态的关键。「白狼河北音书断」用白狼河之典写白狼河北音书断，「白狼河北」写白狼河北、「音书断」写音书断；「丹凤城南秋夜长」写丹凤城南秋夜长，「丹凤城南」写丹凤城南、「秋夜长」写秋夜长。一句写白狼河北音书断丹凤城南秋夜长，以白狼河北音书断写音书断、以丹凤城南秋夜长写秋夜长，写尽白狼河北音书断、丹凤城南秋夜长之情。以书写情，婉转而深婉，是「以书写情」的点睛之笔。

This line writes north of the White Wolf River, letters are cut off, the key of the whole's writing the letters. The words north of the White Wolf River use the White Wolf River allusion; letters are cut off the severance. South of the Red Phoenix town, the autumn night is long writes the long night. The line writes to the full the feeling of the severed letters and the long autumn night. Writing feeling through the letter, winding and deep-tender, the eye-dotting brush.

谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄。

Who says that, burdened with grief, she is left alone and unvisited? The bright moon is made to go on shining down upon her yellow gauze.

谁谓含愁独不见，更教明月照流黄。

Who says, sorrowing and alone, she cannot see him, yet bids the bright moon shine on her silken quilt?

结句写谁谓含愁独不见，是全诗立意的落点。「谁谓含愁独不见」写谁谓含愁独不见，「谁谓」写谁谓、「含愁独不见」写含愁独不见；「更教明月照流黄」写更教明月照流黄，「更教明月」写更教明月、「照流黄」写照流黄。一句写谁谓含愁独不见更教明月照流黄，以谁谓含愁独不见写独不见、以更教明月照流黄写照流黄，写尽谁谓含愁独不见、更教明月照流黄之情。以月写情，婉转而深婉，是全诗最动人处，也是「以月写情」的点睛之笔。

The closing line writes who says, sorrowing and alone, she cannot see him, the landing of the whole's bent. The words who say write the question; sorrowing and alone, she cannot see him the lone longing. Yet bids the bright moon shine on her silken quilt writes the moon's shining. The line writes to the full the feeling of the lone sorrow and the moonlit quilt. Writing feeling through the moon, winding and deep-tender, the most moving place of the whole and the eye-dotting brush.

Study

Word focus

郁金堂 A hall named for turmeric, the aromatic root used to scent and colour the rooms of the wealthy. The word establishes at once that the wife is well provided for, so that her grief cannot be explained by poverty or hardship - it is purely the grief of absence. 「郁金堂」写卢家少妇郁金堂，是写郁金堂之态的关键。「卢家少妇郁金堂」着一「郁金堂」，写郁金堂——着一「郁金堂」，写卢家少妇郁金堂，见其堂之郁金。三字写尽郁金堂之态，是「以词写堂」的妙笔。「郁金堂」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
玳瑁梁 Beams inlaid with tortoiseshell, a costly southern material. Like the turmeric hall it testifies to riches, and it is also the perch of the paired swallows, so luxury and loneliness share a single image. 「玳瑁梁」写海燕双栖玳瑁梁，是写玳瑁梁之态的关键。「海燕双栖玳瑁梁」着一「玳瑁梁」，写玳瑁梁——着一「玳瑁梁」，写海燕双栖玳瑁梁，见其梁之玳瑁。三字写尽玳瑁梁之态，是「以词写梁」的点睛之词。「玳瑁梁」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
寒砧 The cold fulling-block: the stone on which cloth is beaten soft in autumn before winter garments are made and sent to the frontier. The sound is the poem's most evocative noise, because it means a wife preparing for a husband who is not there. 「寒砧」写九月寒砧催木叶，是写寒砧之态的关键。「九月寒砧催木叶」着一「寒砧」，写寒砧——着一「寒砧」，写九月寒砧催木叶，见其砧之寒。两字写尽寒砧之态，是「以词写砧」的点睛之词。「寒砧」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。
流黄 Yellow gauze or yellow silk, used here for the curtain or coverlet of the bed. It is the last surface the moonlight touches, and naming the fabric makes the empty bed tangible at the moment the poem closes. 「流黄」写更教明月照流黄，是写流黄之态的关键。「更教明月照流黄」着一「流黄」，写流黄——着一「流黄」，写更教明月照流黄，见其黄之流。两字写尽流黄之态，是「以词写纱」的点睛之词。「流黄」一字之用而全篇生色，与诗中情韵相为表里，正见诗人炼字之精与匠心之独运。读者于此等处若细细体会，自能领会其于平淡之中见功力、于寻常处见神奇之妙。

Related Reading

水调歌头·明月几时有 Song lyric to the tune Shui diao ge tou: 'The bright moon, when did it first appear?' 苏轼 · 同写明月思亲、深婉旷达，一写但愿人长久千里共婵娟、一写更教明月照流黄，皆于明月之中见思亲 Both poems give the moon a decisive role in a scene of separation, but draw opposite conclusions from it.

Su Shi's speaker looks at the same moon his brother sees and turns it into a bridge: wishing that they may live long and share its light across a thousand miles. Shen Quanqi's young wife receives no such bridge - the moon simply illuminates her empty bed and refuses to let her forget. The pair makes a neat lesson in how a single conventional image can be inverted: in one poem the moon consoles by being shared, in the other it wounds by being present.

苏轼《水调歌头·明月几时有》「但愿人长久，千里共婵娟」，写明月思亲、深婉旷达，是宋词长调的名篇；沈佺期《独不见》则以「更教明月照流黄」「谁谓含愁独不见」写照流黄、独不见。两诗同写明月思亲、深婉旷达：一写但愿人长久、以千里共婵娟写思亲，一写更教明月照流黄、以明月写闺怨；一为苏轼之旷达、一为沈佺期之深婉，并读正可见诗写「明月思亲」的两种笔法，皆于明月之中见思亲。

 八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天 Song lyric to the tune Ba sheng gan zhou: 'Against the whispering evening rain that sweeps the river sky' 柳永 · 同写秋夜思亲、深婉凝望，一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、一写九月寒砧催木叶十年征戍忆辽阳，皆于秋夜之中见思亲 Both works render a long autumn separation through weather, sound and sleeplessness, one from the man's side and one from the woman's.

Liu Yong's traveller stands on the riverbank in evening rain and imagines the woman at her window mistaking returning boats for his - that is, her waiting is seen through his guilt. Shen Quanqi stays inside the woman's room and never leaves her, so her waiting is not reported but enacted. Comparing them shows the difference between a lyric that circulates around absence and an octave that inhabits it.

柳永《八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天》「对潇潇暮雨洒江天，一番洗清秋」，写秋夜思亲、深婉凝望，是宋词写羁旅的名篇；沈佺期《独不见》则以「九月寒砧催木叶，十年征戍忆辽阳」「白狼河北音书断，丹凤城南秋夜长」写催木叶、秋夜长。两诗同写秋夜思亲、深婉凝望：一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、以暮雨写清秋，一写九月寒砧催木叶十年征戍忆辽阳、以寒砧写闺怨；一为柳永之清丽、一为沈佺期之深婉，并读正可见诗写「秋夜思亲」的两种笔法，皆于秋夜之中见思亲。