All poems

宋 Song · 诗 Poem

杨万里·过松源晨炊漆公店

Passing Songyuan, Morning Meal at Qigong Inn

杨万里

Yang Wanli

哲理philosophy 行旅travel

莫言下岭便无难，赚得行人错喜欢。
正入万山圈子里，一山放过一山拦。

Say not that descending the ridge brings no more hard way;
It only earns the traveller a wrong delight.
You are just entering the circle of ten thousand hills—
One hill lets you pass, another blocks the way.

Listen

Meaning

Do not say that after descending the ridge there is no more hardship; that is only to cheat the traveller into a vain joy. You are just walking into the encircling ten thousand hills; one mountain lets you go, and another bars the path.

不要说下岭之后便再无艰难，那不过是骗得行人空欢喜一场。正走入万山的圈围之中，刚放过一座山，又有另一座山拦在面前。

Appreciation

This quatrain wins by the lively, easy manner peculiar to the 'Chengzhai style'. The first two lines 'Say not that descending the ridge brings no more hard way; it only earns the traveller a wrong delight' open in a conversational, almost proverb-like tone, first stating a false view then overturning it, raising a ripple at once; the word 'earn' is exquisite, writing the false ease of descending as if with a sly wit. The last two lines 'You are just entering the circle of ten thousand hills; one hill lets you pass, another blocks the way' close with the fresh metaphor of 'the circle of ten thousand hills', writing the hills barring one after another, where 'let pass' and 'block' personify the mountains. No rare word, yet it sets the philosophy 'hardship is endless, never careless' before the eye; idea and image blend, worth savouring.

【白话串讲】 “莫言下岭便无难，赚得行人错喜欢”——杨万里说：别以为下了山岭就没难路了，那是骗人白高兴。“正入万山圈子里，一山放过一山拦”——进了万山圈，过了一山又一山。这句话，是人生的大实话。【意象与手法】本诗以“诚斋体”特有的活脱浅易取胜【情感与主旨】杨万里（1127—1206），字廷秀，号诚斋，南宋四大家之一【名句点睛】本诗为中考古诗赏析常见篇目，命题重点：一、字词赏析，“赚”字以口语写行人被假象所误的空欢喜，生动俏皮

Background

Yang Wanli (1127–1206), styled Tingxiu, styled Chengzhai, one of the Four Masters of the Southern Song. This is one of a set of six 'Passing Songyuan, Morning Meal at Qigong Inn', written about his journey to take up the post of professor at Junzhou (or while travelling in Jiangxi). Yang Wanli was often transferred and long trudged the rivers and hills of Jiangnan, good at catching philosophical play in ordinary travel. Then he crossed the Songyuan hills and ate at dawn in Qigong Inn; seeing those who descended thinking it easy yet still trapped in the ten thousand hills, he set this insight in colloquial lines. Though writing of crossing hills, it holds a metaphor of life's road—hardship is not crossed at a bound but comes on like the linked hills, and one must keep a constant, unrelaxed heart; it is a lively embodiment of his 'living method' poetics.

此诗为杨万里晚年之作，作于光宗绍熙年间奉祠家居、往来江南途中。杨万里（1127—1206），字廷秀，号诚斋，吉州吉水（今属江西）人，绍兴二十四年进士，官至宝谟阁直学士，与尤袤、范成大、陆游并称“中兴四大诗人”。其诗初学江西诗派，中年后尽焚旧作，自辟蹊径，以“活法”写生，形成诙谐活泼、清新自然的“诚斋体”。此诗写过松源山时晨炊漆公店的感触：下岭本以为无难，谁知一山放过一山拦，正入万山圈中。题目中的“松源”“漆公店”为江西地名，是诗人行旅中的实地实景。全诗从下岭这一极寻常的经验中提炼哲理，以小见大，正是诚斋体“从生活中觅诗”的典范——不写大山大川，而写下岭时的心境，于日常行旅中见出人生世事的普遍道理。

Art

This quatrain wins by the lively, easy manner peculiar to the 'Chengzhai style'. The first two lines 'Say not that descending the ridge brings no more hard way; it only earns the traveller a wrong delight' open in a conversational, almost proverb-like tone, first stating a false view then overturning it, raising a ripple at once; the word 'earn' is exquisite, writing the false ease of descending as if with a sly wit. The last two lines 'You are just entering the circle of ten thousand hills; one hill lets you pass, another blocks the way' close with the fresh metaphor of 'the circle of ten thousand hills', writing the hills barring one after another, where 'let pass' and 'block' personify the mountains, giving them temper. No rare word, yet it sets the philosophy 'hardship is endless, never careless' before the eye; idea and image blend, worth savouring.

此诗艺术上以诚斋体特有的活脱浅易取胜，于寻常经验中见出深刻哲理。前二句“莫言下岭便无难，赚得行人错喜欢”直抒议论：不要说下了岭便没有艰难，那只是“赚得”（骗得）行人空欢喜一场。“赚”字以口语写被假象所误的懊恼，生动俏皮，是全诗最见诚斋精神的一字。后二句“正入万山圈子里，一山放过一山拦”以行旅实景印证前论：正走入万山的圈围之中，刚放过一座山，又有另一座山拦在面前。“放过”“拦”皆以拟人写山，山成了有意志的存在，一放一拦，写出无穷无尽的艰难。全诗前议后景、以景证议，把下岭的经验提升为人生哲理——困境并非一次解脱即永无困境，翻过一座山还有下一座山，人生本是在重重困难中不断前行。诚斋体“活”在何处？正在这从日常中翻出新意的本领：下岭本是最平常的事，杨万里却从中看出了世事的规律，以浅语写深理，以小景见大哲。

Allusions

This is a 'write what you see, make sense of what you meet' poem, with no allusion, winning by plain description and metaphor. Its philosophical source traces to Su Shi's 'I know not the true face of Mount Lu, only because I stand within it' and Lu You's 'hills and streams in doubt, no road seems left'—the Song tradition of awakening to principle through travel; yet Yang Wanli falls into no cage of principle, no argument, only naturally lifts it through the fresh image of 'the circle of ten thousand hills', more showing the 'living method' of the Chengzhai style. 'Earn' is Song colloquial, meaning to cheat or tease, clever in the common. Every line from true travel, no allusion yet self-complete, matching Yang Wanli's creed 'if not hills and vales within the breast, how could smoke and mist rise beneath the brush'.

此诗几乎不用典，纯以口语白描取胜，这正是诚斋体反江西诗派、力主“活法”的体现。江西诗派讲究“无一字无来处”，杨万里却以街谈巷语入诗，此诗“赚得行人错喜欢”“一山放过一山拦”皆如口语，不假雕饰。其“无典”本身即是一种有意的选择——以最平易的语言写最平常的经验，反而比掉书袋更能直击人心。若强寻其源，则“行路难”的母题自李白《行路难》以来绵延不绝，而杨万里不写“行路难”的悲慨，反以诙谐写“下岭”的循环，是对这一母题的翻新。全诗以白描写理趣，正是“诚斋体”清新自然、活脱不拘的典型。

Commentary

Chengzhai's poems win by the living method; this piece especially shows his 'making the common elegant'. The Qing Liu Xizai in 'Art Overview' said 'Chengzhai's charm and Lu You's indignation each reach an extreme'. The modern Qian Zhongshu in 'Selected Song Poems' noted Yang Wanli's skill at 'seeing principle in ordinary things', citing such travel quatrains. Later ages often use 'one hill lets you pass, another blocks the way' for the constancy of overcoming difficulty, taking it as a model of Song philosophical play. Critics say his words are plain yet his meaning not thin, holding deep life experience in the shallow—enough to show the Chengzhai style's charm.

此诗是“诚斋体”的代表作，也是宋诗哲理小诗的名篇。论者多赏其“活”——把下岭的寻常经验写得生动俏皮，又于中见出深刻哲理。“赚得行人错喜欢”一句，以口语写心理，向为论者称道；而“一山放过一山拦”以拟人写山，一放一拦的往复，更把“行路难”写出了循环往复的新意。杨万里诗风在宋代独树一帜，其“诚斋体”以活脱浅易、幽默风趣著称，此诗正是其代表。今人读此诗，多联系人生世事的普遍经验——困难无穷尽，须有面对重重难关的勇气与清醒，正见其哲理的生命力。全诗以小儿语写大道理，以小境界见大智慧，是宋诗理趣的精华。

Prosody

Form Seven-character quatrain七言绝句（仄起首句入韵式）

Rhyme Ping-shui rhyme, upper-level fifteen 'shan' group (way, delight, block)全诗押上平十四寒韵，韵脚为“难、欢、拦”，一韵到底。寒韵音色平正，与口语化的笔致相称。七绝一韵到底，声情流畅，正合诚斋体活泼浅易的风格。

Tone pattern First line enters rhyme; level-onset, first-line-enters-rhyme form此诗为仄起首句入韵的七绝。首句“莫言下岭便无难”仄平仄仄仄平平起，“赚得行人错喜欢”仄仄平平仄仄平承；三句“正入万山圈子里”仄仄仄平平仄仄转，四句“一山放过一山拦”仄平仄仄仄平平合。平仄合律，音节流利，四句一气，前议后景，声情与理趣相契，是七绝中浅易而有深味的一首。

Reading note Chengzhai-style travel philosophical quatrain; shallow words, deep meaning.此诗体制为七言绝句，是诚斋体“以诗说理”的典范。七绝篇幅短小，最宜写一瞬之悟，此诗前二句以议论立论，后二句以实景印证，理在景中、景在理中，深得宋诗“理趣”之妙。相较唐诗七绝多以意象抒情，宋诗七绝多有以议论说理者，而杨万里此诗的高明处在于：说理而不枯燥，全以口语、拟人出之，“赚”“圈子”“拦”皆家常语，却把“行路难”的循环往复写得生动有趣。这正是诚斋体“活法”的极致——以活脱之笔写深刻之理，是宋诗哲理小诗中不可多得的名篇。

Line by line

莫言下岭便无难，赚得行人错喜欢。

Say not that descending the hill ends all hardship; it only cheats the traveler into false joy.

不要说下岭之后便再无艰难，那不过是骗得行人空欢喜一场。

Say not that coming down the hill means no more hardship; it has fooled the traveler into a false joy.

起句以议论破题，立定全诗主旨。“莫言下岭便无难”以否定句起，直截了当——不要以为下了岭就没有困难了；“赚得行人错喜欢”以“赚”字写被假象所误的心理，生动俏皮。下岭本比上岭省力，行人往往以为难关已过、如释重负，诗人却说这是“错喜欢”——困难并没有结束，只是暂时的假象。两句以口语议论，把“下岭无难”的常识翻转，为下文“一山放过一山拦”的张本。这一“赚”一“错”，把行人的松懈与懊恼写得如在目前，是诚斋体幽默风趣的体现。

The opening line uses the argument's breaking-the-problem, establishing the whole poem's thesis. The say-not-that-descending-the-hill-ends-all-hardship using the negative-sentence opening, direct — think not the hill's-descended's the no-hardship; the it-only-cheats-the-traveler-into-false-joy using the zhuan word for the illusion's-misled psychology, vivid-and-witty. The hill's-descending's originally the hill's-climbing's easier, the traveler's often thinking the hard-pass's past-and-the-weight's-lifted, and yet the poet's saying this's the false-joy — the hardship's not-ended, and yet the temporary illusion. Two lines using the colloquial argument, turning the descend-the-hill's-no-hardship common-sense's, storing the ground for the below's one-hill-lets-you-pass-and-another-bars-the-way. This one zhuan and one cuo, writing the traveler's slack-and-regret's as-in-present-eye, the Chengzhai-style's humor-and-wit embodiment.

正入万山圈子里，一山放过一山拦。

You are now within the ring of ten thousand hills: one hill lets you pass, and another bars the way.

正走入万山的圈围之中，刚放过一座山，又有另一座山拦在面前。

Right now you are inside the ring of ten thousand mountains: one mountain lets you go, and another blocks your way.

此联以实景印证前论，是全诗哲理的形象化。“正入万山圈子里”写行人此时方知身在万山围困之中——“圈子”一词以口语写山的环抱，生动而有意味；“一山放过一山拦”以拟人写山，山仿佛有了意志，刚“放过”你，下一座又“拦”住你，一放一拦、无穷无尽。两句把“下岭”的经验推向普遍：翻过一座山，还有下一座山；越过一个困难，还有下一个困难。这正是人生的写照——困难并非一次克服便一劳永逸，而是层层相扣、循环往复。全诗以最平易的语言写最深刻的哲理，以小景见大哲，是诚斋体“活法”的极致。

This couplet using the real scene's confirming the above argument, the whole poem's philosophy's visualization. The you-are-now-within-the-ring-of-ten-thousand-hills writing the traveler's this-moment's knowing the ten-thousand-hills'-surrounding, the ring word's using the colloquial for the hill's embrace, vivid-and-meaningful; the one-hill-lets-you-pass-and-another-bars-the-way using the personification for the hill, the hill's as-if's having the will, just's let-you-pass and the next's bars-you, one-let-one-bar's endless. Two lines turning the descend-the-hill's experience's pushing to the universal: one mountain's over, the next's ahead; one hardship's past, the next's ahead. This precisely the life's portrait — the hardship's not the once-overcome's the once-and-for-all, and yet the layer-on-layer's interlocking and the cycle's repeating. The whole poem using the plainest language's writing the deepest philosophy, the small-scene's seeing-the-great-philosophy, the Chengzhai-style's living-method's extreme.

Study

Word focus

赚 Song colloquial, meaning to cheat. It writes the traveller cheated by the false ease of descending, lively and witty. “赚得行人错喜欢”之“赚”，是口语入诗、诚斋体精神的代表。赚即骗、哄，本为市井口语，杨万里却用它写行人被“下岭无难”的假象所哄骗，生动俏皮。着一“赚”字，那座“下岭”的山仿佛有了心机，故意让人空欢喜一场；而“错喜欢”更写出行人的懊恼与自嘲。这个字把下岭的经验写成了人与山的一场诙谐博弈，比任何抽象的议论都更有趣、更传神，正是诚斋“活法”的体现。

圈子 Uses everyday speech for the trapped ring of linked hills, common yet vivid, showing the Chengzhai living method. “正入万山圈子里”之“圈子”，以口语写山的环抱，是化雅为俗的典范。“圈子”本指环状围合，杨万里用它写万山围困，比“群山环抱”更贴近日用、更见亲切，也暗含“被困其中”的意味——行人自以为出了山，实则在更大的“圈子”里打转。这个口语化的意象，把抽象的困境写得具体可感，与“一山放过一山拦”的拟人相配合，写出了困难的无穷与循环。

拦 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “一山放过一山拦”之“拦”，以拟人写山，是“放过”的对应，一放一拦，写出困难的往复。山本无知，着一“拦”字，便有了意志与动作——它横亘在行人面前，不许轻易通过。与“放过”相对，“拦”字写出刚松了一口气又被挡住的心理落差，把“下岭无难”的假象彻底戳破。这个字使全诗的哲理具象化：人生的困难如群山般层出无穷，须臾不可松懈。

莫言 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “莫言下岭便无难”之“莫言”，以劝诫的口吻开篇，定下全诗的警醒基调。“莫言”即“不要说”，看似是劝行人，实则是诗人对人生经验的总结与告诫——不要轻信“下岭便无难”的乐观。这一否定式的开头，先破后立，为后文“一山放过一山拦”的揭示作势。同时，“莫言”的口吻亲切而郑重，如老友相告，正是诚斋体平易近人、以理服人的风格体现。