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宋 Song · 诗 Poem

闻武均州报已复西京

Hearing That the Prefect of Wujun Has Reported the Recovery of the Western Capital

陆游

Lu You

爱国Patriotism 喜讯Theme

白发将军亦壮哉，西京昨夜捷书来。
胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回。
列圣仁恩深雨露，中兴赦令疾风雷。
悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开。

The fierce wind, a thousand miles, the alien dust.
The imperial banners, the bright sun, the dark purple dust.
The Hu children dare to make the thousand-year plan —
How does the heavenly will know the turning of the single day?
Then the wild swallows, the frost of the dawn, the low wind,
The cool dew of the full moon on the green autumn evening.I know that at the Cold Food, the envoys of the imperial tomb,
The pear blossoms open everywhere on the road of the post stations.

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Meaning

A poem of the rejoicing at the recovery of the Western Capital, written by Lu You. The fierce wind, a thousand miles, the alien dust — the imperial banners, the bright sun, the dark purple dust — the rejoicing of the news, the banners and the bright sun. The Hu children dare to make the thousand-year plan — how does the heavenly will know the turning of the single day? — the vanity of the enemy's plan against the turning of the day. Then the wild swallows, the frost of the dawn, the low wind — the cool dew of the full moon on the green autumn evening — the autumn scene of the rejoicing. I know that at the Cold Food, the envoys of the imperial tomb — the pear blossoms open everywhere on the road of the post stations — the envoys of the tomb and the blossoming pears. The poem is the rejoicing of the poet: the news of the recovery, the vanity of the enemy, and the blossoming pears of the envoys' road.

白发将军亦壮哉，西京昨夜捷书来。胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回。列圣仁恩深雨露，中兴赦令疾风雷。悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The fierce wind, a thousand miles, the alien dust. The imperial banners, the bright sun, the dark purple dust. The Hu children dare to make the thousand-year plan, how does the heavenly will know the turning of the single day? Then the wild swallows, the frost of the dawn, the low wind, the cool dew of the full moon on the green autumn evening. I know that at the Cold Food, the envoys of the imperial tomb, the pear blossoms open everywhere on the road of the post stations. [Structure and Thought] The poem moves from the rejoicing of the news — the fierce wind and the imperial banners — through the vanity of the enemy's plan against the heavenly will, to the autumn scene and the close's knowing of the envoys' road with the blossoming pears. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the rejoicing through the contrast: the thousand-year plan of the Hu children against the single-day turning of the heavenly will; and the close's pear blossoms of the envoys' road — the rejoicing turned to the hope of the recovery. [Emotional Tone] Exalted, confident, and rejoicing: the poem is the rejoicing at the recovery, the vanity of the enemy and the blossoming pears of the close.

【白话串讲】陆游写《闻武均州报已复西京》：“白发将军亦壮哉，西京昨夜捷书来”——“胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回”——“列圣仁恩深雨露，中兴赦令疾风雷”——“悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开”——他听到收复西京的捷报，大喜。【意象与手法】此诗是陆游写收复西京捷报的名篇，写闻捷报的喜悦与中兴的期待，是陆游诗中「以捷写喜」的名篇。前两联写捷报：「白发将军亦壮哉，西京昨夜捷书来」写白发将军、西京捷书；「胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回」写胡儿千年计、天意一日回，是名句。后两联写中兴：「列圣仁恩深雨露，中兴赦令疾风雷」写列圣仁恩、中兴赦令；「悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开」写寒食朝陵、梨花处处开，是千古名句。全诗以闻捷报的喜悦写中兴的期待，那「驿路梨花处处开」写尽收复后的春日意象，是陆游「以捷写喜」的名篇。【情感与主旨】此诗作于宋孝宗隆兴元年（1163）四月，时陆游三十九岁，在临安（任枢密院编修官等职）。隆兴元年四月，宋将张浚等收复西京（洛阳，北宋的西京）；陆游闻捷报，作此诗。诗中「白发将军亦壮哉，西京昨夜捷书来」写白发将军、西京捷书——白发将军亦壮哉（那白发将军（写张浚等老将）亦壮哉），西京昨夜捷书来（西京昨夜传来捷报），那「白发将军亦壮哉」写尽老将的壮气、「西京昨夜捷书来」写尽捷报的传来；「胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回」写胡儿千年计、天意一日回——胡儿敢作千年计（那胡儿敢作千年的打算（金人想长久占据）），天意寜知一日回（天意岂知一日就回还（那「寜知」写岂知——天意难料，一日就收复）），那「胡儿敢作千年计」写尽金人的野心、「天意寜知一日回」写尽收复的意外之喜，是名句；「列圣仁恩深雨露，中兴赦令疾风雷」写列圣仁恩、中兴赦令——列圣仁恩深雨露（列位先圣的仁恩如雨露之深），中兴赦令疾风雷（中兴的赦令如疾风迅雷），那「列圣仁恩深雨露」写尽先圣的仁恩、「中兴赦令疾风雷」写尽中兴的赦令；「悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开」写寒食朝陵、梨花处处开——悬知寒食朝陵使（推知寒食节，朝陵的使者（去西京祭扫先帝陵寝的使者）），驿路梨花处处开（驿路两旁梨花处处开放），那「悬知寒食朝陵使」写尽朝陵的期待、「驿路梨花处处开」写尽梨花开放的春日意象，是千古名句。全诗以闻捷报的喜悦写中兴的期待，那「驿路梨花处处开」写尽收复后的春日意象，是陆游「以捷写喜」的名篇。【名句点睛】常考“白发将军亦壮哉，西京昨夜捷书来”写闻捷报之喜；“悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开”以梨花处处开写中兴的春日意象，是千古名句。

Background

Lu You (1125–1210) wrote this poem on hearing that the prefect of Wujun had reported the recovery of the Western Capital — the rejoicing of the patriot at the news of the recovery. The fierce wind and the imperial banners of the rejoicing, the thousand-year plan of the Hu children against the single-day turning of the heavenly will, the autumn scene of the wild swallows and the full moon, and the close's knowing of the envoys of the imperial tomb with the pear blossoms of the post roads — the poem gathers the rejoicing of the patriot, the confidence of the recovery.

此诗作于宋孝宗隆兴元年（1163）四月，是陆游写收复西京捷报的诗。陆游（1125-1210）字务观，号放翁，越州山阴人，是南宋爱国诗人。隆兴元年（1163），宋孝宗即位后力主抗金，起用张浚主持北伐。四月，宋军收复西京（洛阳，北宋的西京）；陆游时任枢密院编修官等职（在临安），闻捷报，作此诗（同时作《闻武均州报已复西京》）。诗中「白发将军亦壮哉，西京昨夜捷书来」写白发将军、西京捷书——「白发将军亦壮哉」写白发将军亦壮哉（「白发将军」写张浚（时已六十六七岁，写老将；亦写武臣）「亦壮哉」写亦壮哉（那白发老将，亦壮哉——老将的壮气）），「西京昨夜捷书来」写西京昨夜传来捷报（「捷书」写捷报（那收复西京的捷报），「昨夜来」写昨夜传来）），那「白发将军亦壮哉」写尽老将的壮气、「西京昨夜捷书来」写尽捷报的传来；「胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回」写胡儿千年计、天意一日回——「胡儿敢作千年计」写胡儿敢作千年的打算（「胡儿」写金人（那「胡儿」写金人，令人想到「胡儿」的称谓），「敢作千年计」写敢作千年的打算（金人想长久占据西京）），「天意寜知一日回」写天意岂知一日就回还（「天意」写天意、「寜知」写岂知（那「寜」同「宁」，岂、难道），「一日回」写一日就回还（收复）），那「胡儿敢作千年计」写尽金人的野心、「天意寜知一日回」写尽收复的意外之喜；「列圣仁恩深雨露，中兴赦令疾风雷」写列圣仁恩、中兴赦令——「列圣仁恩深雨露」写列位先圣的仁恩如雨露之深（「列圣」写列位先圣（那北宋的先帝们）、「仁恩深雨露」写仁恩如雨露之深（那先圣的仁恩，如雨露滋润）），「中兴赦令疾风雷」写中兴的赦令如疾风迅雷（「中兴赦令」写中兴的赦令（那收复后的赦令）、「疾风雷」写如疾风迅雷），那「列圣仁恩深雨露」写尽先圣的仁恩、「中兴赦令疾风雷」写尽中兴的赦令；「悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开」写寒食朝陵、梨花处处开——「悬知寒食朝陵使」写推知寒食节朝陵的使者（「悬知」写推知（预料）、「寒食朝陵使」写寒食节朝陵的使者（那寒食节，派去西京祭扫先帝陵寝的使者（写收复后朝陵的恢复））），「驿路梨花处处开」写驿路两旁梨花处处开放（「驿路」写驿路（那驿道）、「梨花处处开」写梨花处处开放），那「悬知寒食朝陵使」写尽朝陵的期待、「驿路梨花处处开」写尽梨花开放的春日意象。此诗是陆游「以捷写喜」的名篇，那「驿路梨花处处开」写尽收复后的春日意象，是理解其北伐初期的喜悦心境的关键作品。

Art

The poem's art is the art of the rejoicing. The news opens: the fierce wind, a thousand miles, the alien dust — the imperial banners, the bright sun, the dark purple dust — the fierce wind and the banners, the rejoicing of the news. The confidence follows: the Hu children dare to make the thousand-year plan — how does the heavenly will know the turning of the single day? — the vanity of the enemy's plan against the turning of the heavenly will, the confidence of the recovery. The scene: then the wild swallows, the frost of the dawn, the low wind — the cool dew of the full moon on the green autumn evening — the autumn scene of the rejoicing. And the close gathers the hope: I know that at the Cold Food, the envoys of the imperial tomb, the pear blossoms open everywhere on the road of the post stations — the envoys of the tomb and the blossoming pears, the hope of the recovered capital — the rejoicing of the patriot, the confidence and the hope gathered in the close.

此诗的艺术特色可从四个层面解析。其一，以捷写喜的构思。全诗以闻捷报的喜悦写中兴的期待——那「西京昨夜捷书来」的捷报，「天意寜知一日回」的意外之喜，那「驿路梨花处处开」的春日意象，都以捷报为起点、以喜悦为核心，以捷写喜、情与事融。其二，以对照写意外之喜。「胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回」以「千年计」与「一日回」对照，写金人的野心与收复的迅速——那「千年」与「一日」的对照，写尽收复的意外之喜，那「敢作千年计」写尽金人的野心、「寜知一日回」写尽天意难料。其三，以对仗写中兴。「列圣仁恩深雨露，中兴赦令疾风雷」以「列圣仁恩」对「中兴赦令」、「深雨露」对「疾风雷」写工对，那「仁恩深雨露」与「赦令疾风雷」的对举，写尽先圣的仁恩与中兴的赦令。其四，以「驿路梨花处处开」写收束。「悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开」以「寒食朝陵使」写朝陵的期待，以「驿路梨花处处开」写梨花开放的春日意象，那「驿路梨花处处开」以收复后的春日景象收束，写尽中兴的喜悦，余味悠长。四重手法层层推进，使此诗成为陆游诗中「以捷写喜」的名篇。

Allusions

'The Western Capital' (Xijing) is the western capital — Luoyang, recovered by the Song; 'the Hu children' (Hu er) are the enemy of the north — the enemy of the plan; 'the imperial tomb' (zhao ling) is the tomb of the emperor — the envoys of the tomb at the Cold Food, the offering of the imperial tomb; 'the Cold Food' (han shi) is the cold-food festival — the festival of the tomb offerings; 'the road of the post stations' (yi lu) is the road of the post stations — the roads of the envoys, with the pear blossoms opening everywhere.

此诗的意象与用语深植于爱国与中兴传统。「白发将军亦壮哉，西京昨夜捷书来」写白发将军、西京捷书——「白发将军亦壮哉」写白发将军亦壮哉（「白发将军」写张浚等老将（张浚时年六十余，令人想到「老将」的意象与「白发将军」的壮气），「亦壮哉」写亦壮哉（令人想到「大丈夫当如此也」的壮语与「壮哉」的赞叹——那白发将军，亦壮哉）），「西京昨夜捷书来」写西京昨夜传来捷报（「西京」写洛阳（北宋的西京，令人想到「西京」的陪都意象与「洛阳」的故都），「捷书」写捷报（令人想到「捷报频传」的意象与「烽火连三月，家书抵万金」的反用——那「捷书」正是报捷的家书）），那「白发将军亦壮哉」写尽老将的壮气、「西京昨夜捷书来」写尽捷报的传来。「胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回」写胡儿千年计、天意一日回——「胡儿敢作千年计」写胡儿敢作千年的打算（「胡儿」写金人（令人想到「胡虏」「胡尘」的意象），「千年计」写千年的打算（那金人想长久占据，令人想到「僭窃」的野心）），「天意寜知一日回」写天意岂知一日就回还（「寜知」写岂知（那「寜」同「宁」，令人想到「宁知」的反问），「一日回」写一日就回还（令人想到「朝闻道，夕死可矣」的反用——那「一日回」写一日收复）），那「胡儿敢作千年计」写尽金人的野心、「天意寜知一日回」写尽收复的意外之喜。「列圣仁恩深雨露，中兴赦令疾风雷」写列圣仁恩、中兴赦令——「列圣仁恩深雨露」写列位先圣的仁恩如雨露之深（「列圣」写列位先圣（令人想到「列圣」的先帝意象），「深雨露」写如雨露之深（那先圣的仁恩如雨露，令人想到「雨露之恩」的意象）），「中兴赦令疾风雷」写中兴的赦令如疾风迅雷（「中兴赦令」写中兴的赦令（那收复后的赦令，令人想到「赦令」的意象与「大赦天下」的喜庆），「疾风雷」写如疾风迅雷（令人想到「雷厉风行」的意象）），那「列圣仁恩深雨露」写尽先圣的仁恩、「中兴赦令疾风雷」写尽中兴的赦令。「悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开」写寒食朝陵、梨花处处开——「寒食朝陵使」写寒食节朝陵的使者（「寒食」写寒食节（清明前一二日，禁火寒食，令人想到「寒食东风御柳斜」（韩翃《寒食》）的寒食意象），「朝陵使」写朝陵的使者（那去西京祭扫先帝陵寝的使者（写收复后朝陵的恢复，令人想到「朝陵」的祭祀传统与「陵寝」的意象））），「驿路梨花处处开」写驿路两旁梨花处处开放（「驿路」写驿道（令人想到「驿路」的意象与「一骑红尘妃子笑」的驿道），「梨花处处开」写梨花处处开放（那梨花在春日开放，令人想到「忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开」（岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》）的梨花意象——那「驿路梨花处处开」，正是收复后春日的美景，也令人想到「梨花」的洁白意象——那梨花处处开，正是春日的中兴气象）），那「悬知寒食朝陵使」写尽朝陵的期待、「驿路梨花处处开」写尽梨花开放的春日意象。全诗化用韩翃、岑参（及「捷报」传统）的意象与典故，以捷写喜、以意象写中兴，正是陆游「以爱国写喜悦」的本领。

Commentary

This poem is one of the rejoicing works of Lu You, quoted for the confidence of its middle and the hope of its close. The vanity of the enemy's plan, and the pear blossoms of the envoys' road, are among the admired lines of the poet's patriotic verse. Critics praise the poem's rejoicing: the confidence of the recovery and the hope of the blossoming pears.

此诗历来被推为陆游「以捷写喜」的名篇，也是「胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回」「驿路梨花处处开」等名句的出处。历代论者对此诗评价较高：论者多指出此诗以闻捷报的喜悦写中兴的期待，以「胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回」写收复的意外之喜，以「驿路梨花处处开」写收复后的春日意象，是陆游爱国诗中的佳作。在文学史上，此诗的特殊价值在于：它以闻捷报写出了中兴的喜悦——那「白发将军亦壮哉，西京昨夜捷书来」写尽了老将的壮气与捷报的传来（白发将军亦壮哉，西京昨夜传来捷报），那「胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回」写尽了金人的野心与收复的意外之喜（胡儿敢作千年的打算，天意岂知一日就回还——那「千年计」与「一日回」的对照，写尽收复的意外之喜），那「列圣仁恩深雨露，中兴赦令疾风雷」写尽了先圣的仁恩与中兴的赦令（列位先圣的仁恩如雨露之深，中兴的赦令如疾风迅雷），那「悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开」写尽了朝陵的期待与收复后的春日意象——那「悬知寒食朝陵使」写尽收复后朝陵的恢复（推知寒食节，朝陵的使者将去西京祭扫先帝陵寝——那朝陵的恢复，正是收复的象征），那「驿路梨花处处开」写尽收复后春日的美景（驿路两旁梨花处处开放——那梨花处处开，正是春日的中兴气象，也暗含「洗尽胡尘」的洁白意象）。诗中「胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回」写收复的意外之喜，是名句；「驿路梨花处处开」写收复后的春日，更是千古名句。此诗与陆游的《秋夜将晓出篱门迎凉有感》（「遗民泪尽胡尘里，南望王师又一年」）一样，都是写收复（期盼）的名篇，一写收复后的喜悦，一写遗民的期盼。对于今日读者，此诗是理解陆游「北伐初期喜悦心境」与「以捷写喜」的窗口，也是感受中国诗「捷报」传统的典范——那白发将军的壮气、西京传来的捷书、天意一日回还的意外之喜、驿路梨花处处开的春日，穿越千年，仍在诉说着一个爱国诗人「闻捷而喜」的欢欣。

Prosody

Form Heptasyllabic regulated verse (qiyan lüshi)七言律诗（仄起首句入韵）

Rhyme The poem rhymes on the level-tone words of the group — the even, level rhyme that carries the rejoicing.押上平十灰韵，韵脚为「哉」「来」「回」「雷」「开」。首句「哉」字平声入韵，属首句入韵之格。韵脚「哉」「来」「回」「雷」「开」皆属灰部，韵音开阔悠长，正合其闻捷喜悦的风格。

Tone pattern The cadence is that of the rejoicing: the rising with the news and the banners, the turning with the vanity of the enemy, and the close's fall with the pear blossoms of the envoys' road.白发将军亦壮哉，仄仄平平仄仄平；西京昨夜捷书来，平平仄仄仄平平；胡儿敢作千年计，平平仄仄平平仄；天意寜知一日回，平仄平平仄仄平；列圣仁恩深雨露，仄仄平平平仄仄；中兴赦令疾风雷，平平仄仄仄平平；悬知寒食朝陵使，平平平仄平平仄；驿路梨花处处开，仄仄平平仄仄平。全诗平仄合于七律格律，音节开阔悠长。

Reading note The poem's sound matches its rejoicing: the even, level rhymes carry the cadence of the recovery, and the close — 'xuan zhi han shi zhao ling shi, yi lu lihua chu chu kai' — falls with the blossoming pears, the sound of the hope of the recovered capital.此诗是仄起首句入韵的七言律诗，押平声灰韵，格律严谨，音节开阔，是陆游爱国诗中「以捷写喜」的名篇。全诗四联结构分明：首联写捷报（白发将军亦壮哉、西京昨夜捷书来），颔联写意外之喜（胡儿敢作千年计、天意寜知一日回），颈联写中兴赦令（列圣仁恩深雨露、中兴赦令疾风雷），尾联写朝陵春日（悬知寒食朝陵使、驿路梨花处处开）。声调上，全诗以平声灰韵为韵脚，韵音开阔悠长，配合「西京昨夜捷书来」的惊喜与「驿路梨花处处开」的清新，全篇音节开阔而不失喜悦。诵读此诗，宜以惊喜的语调读颔联的意外之喜（天意寜知一日回），以清新喜悦的语调读尾联的春日（驿路梨花处处开），尤其「悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开」两句，要读得轻快而喜悦，方能传达出陆游闻捷报的欢欣。陆游诗以「爱国」著称，此诗正是其「以捷写喜」的经典。

Line by line

胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回。

The Hu children dare to make the thousand-year plan — how does the heavenly will know the turning of the single day?

胡儿敢作千年的打算，天意岂知一日就回还。

The barbarians dare to plan for a thousand years; who knew heaven would turn the day back?

这两句是写收复意外之喜的名句，也是千古名句，以「胡儿敢作千年计」写金人的野心，以「天意寜知一日回」写收复的意外之喜，惊喜而痛快。「胡儿敢作千年计」写金人的野心——胡儿敢作千年的打算，「胡儿」写金人（那占据中原的金人），「敢作千年计」写敢作千年的打算（那金人想长久占据西京，作千年的打算），那「胡儿敢作千年计」写尽金人的野心——那金人敢作千年的打算，以为能长久占据；「天意寜知一日回」写收复的意外之喜——天意岂知一日就回还，「天意」写天意（那冥冥中的天意），「寜知」写岂知（那「寜知」写岂知、怎料），「一日回」写一日就回还（那西京一日就收复），那「天意寜知一日回」写尽收复的意外之喜——那天意岂知，一日就回还，正是「天意难料」的意外之喜。这两句的深意在于：它以「千年计」与「一日回」的对照，写出了收复的意外之喜——那「胡儿敢作千年计」写尽金人的野心（敢作千年的打算，以为能长久占据），那「天意寜知一日回」写尽收复的意外之喜（天意岂知一日就回还——那「千年」与「一日」的对照，写尽金人野心的落空与收复的迅速）；而更深一层，那「胡儿敢作千年计」的「敢」，写尽金人的骄横（那「敢」写尽金人的胆大——敢作千年的打算），那「天意寜知一日回」的「寜知」，写尽天意难料的惊喜（那「寜知」写尽意外——连天意自己也不知道，一日就回还），那「千年计」与「一日回」的对照，写尽收复的意外之喜——那金人以为千年占据，天意却一日就回还，正是「谋事在人，成事在天」的痛快；那「天意寜知一日回」的「一日回」，写尽收复的迅速与意外——那西京一夜收复，正是捷报传来的惊喜。以「千年计」写野心、以「一日回」写意外、以「寜知」写惊喜，正是陆游「以对照写喜悦」的本领，也让这两句成为千古名句。

These two lines write the recovery's unexpected-joy famed line, and the through-the-ages famed line, using the barbarians-dare-to-plan-for-a-thousand-years for the Jin's ambition and the who-knew-heaven-would-turn-the-day-back for the recovery's unexpected joy, the surprise and elation. The barbarians-dare-to-plan-for-a-thousand-years writing the Jin's ambition — the barbarians dare to plan for a thousand years, the barbarians meaning the Jin (the Central-Plains-occupying Jin), the dare-to-plan-a-thousand-years writing the dare-for-a-thousand-year plan (the Jin's wanting the long Xijing occupation, the thousand-year plan), the barbarians-dare-to-plan-a-thousand-years exhausting the Jin's ambition — the Jin's dare to plan for a thousand years, thinking the long occupation; the who-knew-heaven-would-turn-the-day-back writing the recovery's unexpected joy — heaven's will who-knew the day's return, the heaven's-will meaning the dark heaven's will, the ning-know writing the who-knew (the ning-know meaning the unexpected), the day's-return writing the one-day return (the Xijing's one-day recovery), the who-knew-heaven-would-turn-the-day-back exhausting the recovery's unexpected joy — heaven's will who-knew, one day's return, precisely the heaven's-will's-hard-to-predict unexpected joy. These two lines' deep meaning: they use the thousand-year-plan and day's-return's contrast, writing the recovery's unexpected joy — the barbarians-dare-to-plan-for-a-thousand-years exhausting the Jin's ambition (the dare-for-a-thousand-year plan, thinking the long occupation), the who-knew-heaven-would-turn-the-day-back exhausting the recovery's unexpected joy (heaven's-will who-knew the one-day return — the thousand and day's contrast, exhausting the Jin's ambition's disappointment and the recovery's speed); and the deeper layer, the dare word of the barbarians-dare-to-plan-a-thousand-years, exhausting the Jin's arrogance (the dare word exhausting the Jin's boldness — dare to plan for a thousand years), the ning-know of the who-knew-heaven-would-turn-the-day-back, exhausting the heaven's-will's-hard-to-predict surprise (the ning-know word exhausting the unexpected — even heaven's own not-knowing, the one day's return), the thousand-year-plan and day's-return's contrast, exhausting the recovery's unexpected joy — the Jin's thinking the thousand-year occupation, heaven's will's and yet the one-day return, precisely the man-plans-and-heaven-decides'selation; the day's-return of the who-knew-heaven-would-turn-the-day-back, exhausting the recovery's speed-and-unexpected — the Xijing's one-night recovery, precisely the good-news's surprise. Using the thousand-year-plan for the ambition and the day's-return for the unexpected, the ning-know for the surprise, precisely Lu You's contrast-writes-joy craft, and making these two lines the through-the-ages famed line.

悬知寒食朝陵使，驿路梨花处处开。

I know that at the Cold Food, the envoys of the imperial tomb, the pear blossoms open everywhere on the road of the post stations.

推知寒食节朝陵的使者，驿路两旁梨花处处开放。

I foresee the cold-food envoy to the imperial tombs; along the post roads, pear blossoms open everywhere.

这两句是全诗的收束，也是千古名句，以「悬知寒食朝陵使」写朝陵的期待，以「驿路梨花处处开」写收复后的春日意象，惊喜而清新。「悬知寒食朝陵使」写朝陵的期待——推知寒食节朝陵的使者，「悬知」写推知（那「悬知」写预料、推知），「寒食朝陵使」写寒食节朝陵的使者（那寒食节，派去西京祭扫先帝陵寝的使者），那「悬知寒食朝陵使」写尽朝陵的期待——收复西京后，寒食节的朝陵使者将去祭扫先帝陵寝，那「朝陵」写尽收复后的恢复（朝陵，正是收复的象征）；「驿路梨花处处开」写收复后的春日意象——驿路两旁梨花处处开放，「驿路」写驿道（那朝陵使者经过的驿道），「梨花处处开」写梨花处处开放（那驿路两旁梨花处处开放），那「驿路梨花处处开」写尽梨花开放的春日——那收复后的春日，梨花处处开。这两句的深意在于：它以「悬知寒食朝陵使」与「驿路梨花处处开」写出了朝陵的期待与收复后的春日——那「悬知寒食朝陵使」写尽朝陵的恢复（收复西京后，寒食节的朝陵使者将去祭扫先帝陵寝——那朝陵，正是收复的象征，那「悬知」写尽预料中的恢复），那「驿路梨花处处开」写尽收复后的春日（那驿路两旁梨花处处开放——那梨花处处开，正是春日的中兴气象）；而更深一层，那「驿路梨花处处开」正是「捷报」的余韵——那朝陵使者经过的驿路，梨花处处开放，那「梨花」的洁白，暗含「洗尽胡尘」的意象（那梨花处处开，正是收复后「洗尽胡尘」的洁白与春日的中兴），那「驿路梨花处处开」写尽收复后的春日美景——那朝陵的使者走在驿路上，两旁梨花处处开放，正是中兴的喜悦与春日的气象；那「悬知寒食朝陵使」的「朝陵」，写尽收复后先帝陵寝的恢复（那靖康之变后，先帝陵寝沦陷，如今收复，可朝陵祭扫），那「驿路梨花处处开」写尽收复后的春日，正是「捷报」后的喜悦与中兴的期待。以「悬知」写预料、以「朝陵使」写恢复、以「驿路梨花处处开」写春日，正是陆游「以意象写喜悦」的本领，也让这两句成为千古名句。

These two lines are the whole poem's close, and the through-the-ages famed line, using the foresee-the-cold-food-envoy-to-the-imperial-tombs for the tomb-visiting expectation, and the post-roads-pear-blossoms-open-everywhere for the post-recovery spring image, the surprise's freshness. The foresee-the-cold-food-envoy-to-the-imperial-tombs writing the tomb-visiting expectation — foresee the cold-food envoy to the imperial tombs, the foresee word writing the prediction (the foresee meaning the anticipation), the cold-food-tomb-envoy meaning the cold-food tomb-visiting envoy (the cold-food festival, the envoy sent to the Xijing to sweep the late emperors' tombs), the foresee-the-cold-food-envoy-to-the-imperial-tombs exhausting the tomb-visiting expectation — the Xijing's recovery, the cold-food tomb envoy will go sweep the late emperors' tombs, the tomb-visiting exhausting the post-recovery restoration (the tomb-visiting, precisely the recovery's symbol); the post-roads-pear-blossoms-open-everywhere writing the post-recovery spring image — the post roads' pear blossoms everywhere open, the post-road meaning the post route (the tomb-envoy's passed post route), the pear-blossoms-open-everywhere writing the pear blossoms' open (the post roads' pear blossoms everywhere open), the post-roads-pear-blossoms-open-everywhere exhausting the pear-blossom spring — the post-recovery spring, the pear blossoms' open everywhere. These two lines' deep meaning: they use the foresee-the-cold-food-envoy-to-the-imperial-tombs and post-roads-pear-blossoms-open-everywhere for the tomb-visiting expectation and the post-recovery spring — the foresee-the-cold-food-envoy-to-the-imperial-tombs exhausting the tomb-visiting restoration (the Xijing's recovery, the cold-food tomb envoy will go sweep the late emperors' tombs — the tomb-visiting, precisely the recovery's symbol, the foresee word exhausting the anticipated restoration), the post-roads-pear-blossoms-open-everywhere exhausting the post-recovery spring (the post roads' pear blossoms everywhere open — the pear blossoms' open everywhere, precisely the spring's revival air); and the deeper layer, the post-roads-pear-blossoms-open-everywhere precisely the good-news's aftertone — the tomb-envoy's passed post road, the pear blossoms everywhere open, the pear-blossom's whiteness, secretly carrying the washed-clean-the-barbarian-dust image (the pear blossoms' open everywhere, precisely the post-recovery washed-clean-the-barbarian-dust whiteness and the spring's revival), the post-roads-pear-blossoms-open-everywhere exhausting the post-recovery spring beauty — the tomb-envoy's walking the post road, the two sides' pear blossoms everywhere open, precisely the revival joy and the spring air; the tomb-visiting of the foresee-the-cold-food-envoy-to-the-imperial-tombs, exhausting the post-recovery late-emperors'-tombs restoration (the Jingkang change's after, the late emperors' tombs fallen, now recovered, the tomb-visiting-and-sweeping), the post-roads-pear-blossoms-open-everywhere exhausting the post-recovery spring, precisely the good-news's joy and revival expectation. Using the foresee for the anticipation and the tomb-envoy for the restoration, the post-road-pear-blossoms for the spring, precisely Lu You's image-writes-joy craft, and making these two lines the through-the-ages famed line.

Study

Word focus

寜知 'How does it know' — the unknowing of the heavenly will, the turning of the day. 「寜知」二字是写意外之喜的关键字，以「寜知」写天意难料的意外，写尽收复的惊喜，惊喜而痛快。寜知，岂知、怎料也（寜同「宁」）。陆游以「天意寜知一日回」写意外之喜，一个「寜知」，至少有双重意味：其一，写意外之难料——「天意寜知一日回」写天意岂知一日就回还，「寜知」写岂知（那「寜知」写岂知、怎料——那收复的迅速，出乎意料），那「寜知」写尽意外之难料——连天意自己也不知道，一日就回还，那「寜知」写尽收复的意外之喜；其二，写天意之惊喜——「寜知」暗写天意的惊喜——那「天意寜知一日回」的「寜知」，写尽天意的惊喜（那天意「寜知」，正是「天意难料」的惊喜——那西京一日收复，正是天意的安排，那天意自己也不知道的惊喜），那「寜知」写尽收复的意外之喜。以「寜知」写意外，正是陆游炼字的本领：那「寜知」二字，既是写意外之难料（岂知一日就回还），也是写天意的惊喜（天意难料的惊喜），更是写与「千年计」的对照（那胡儿敢作千年计，天意寜知一日回——那「千年」与「一日」的对照，正是「寜知」的惊喜）——那「寜知」，把意外之难料与天意的惊喜融为一体。若换作「岂料」「谁知」等词，则或失其「寜知」的古雅，或失其与「千年计」的对仗；唯「寜知」二字，以两字写尽意外之难料与天意的惊喜，也让「天意寜知一日回」成为千古名句——那「寜知」，正是陆游闻捷的惊喜。

处处 'Everywhere' — the pear blossoms opening everywhere, the spring of the roads. 「处处」二字是写春日意象的关键字，以「处处开」写梨花处处开放，写尽收复后的春日气象，清新而喜悦。处处，到处也。陆游以「驿路梨花处处开」写春日，一个「处处」，至少有双重意味：其一，写花开之繁盛——「梨花处处开」写梨花处处开放，「处处」写到处（那驿路两旁，梨花处处开放），那「处处」写尽花开之繁盛——不是一处两处，而是处处开放，那「处处」写尽春日梨花的繁盛；其二，写中兴之气象——「处处」暗写中兴的气象——那「驿路梨花处处开」的「处处」，写尽收复后春日的中兴气象（那梨花处处开，正是春日的中兴——那驿路两旁处处开放，正是「普天同庆」的喜悦），那「处处」写尽中兴的气象与普天的喜悦。以「处处」写春日，正是陆游炼字的本领：那「处处」二字，既是写花开之繁盛（驿路两旁梨花处处开放），也是写中兴的气象（那处处开放，正是普天同庆的喜悦），更是写「驿路」的绵延（那朝陵使者经过的驿路，处处梨花——那「处处」与「驿路」相映，写尽驿路的绵延与花开的繁盛）——那「处处」，把花开之繁盛与中兴的气象融为一体。若换作「遍地」「满路」等词，则或失其「处处」的轻快，或失其与「驿路」的相映；唯「处处」二字，以两字写尽梨花处处开放的繁盛与中兴的气象，也让「驿路梨花处处开」成为千古名句——那「处处」，正是陆游闻捷的喜悦。