苏武慢

Meaning

A lyric of the autumn wandering and the longing, written by Cai Shen. The wild geese alight on the level sand, the smoke veils the cold water, at the old fort, the sound of the reed-pipes breaks off — the cold scene of the autumn. The green hills faint, faint, the withered leaves rustle, rustle, at the edge of the sky, the dusk crows scattered and confused — the desolate scene of the autumn. In the tower, the yellow dusk, the single sail, the thousand-li return journey, the years are turning late — the turning of the years. I look to the blue clouds, the empty evening, where is the beloved? The dream and the soul, both distant — the distant beloved. Remembering the old wandering, the deep hall, the vermilion door, the small garden, the fragrant path — I still think of the peach-blossom face — the remembered past. The letters fill the brocade scroll, the resentment fills the golden strings, hard to write the inch-heart's quiet grievance — the written grievance. The parting sorrow of the two places, the one vessel of the fragrant wine, desolate, he leans on the dangerous railing throughout — the sorrow and the wine. All the lingering, relying on the western wind, to blow dry the tearful eyes — the close's reliance on the wind. The lyric is the autumn longing: the cold scene, the distant beloved, and the close's tearful eyes dried by the western wind.

雁落平沙，烟笼寒水，古垒鸣笳声断。青山隐隐，败叶萧萧，天际暝鸦零乱。楼上黄昏，片帆千里归程，年华将晚。望碧云空暮，佳人何处，梦魂俱远。忆旧游、邃馆朱扉，小园香径，尚想桃花人面。书盈锦轴，恨满金徽，难写寸心幽怨。两地离愁，一尊芳酒，凄凉危阑倚遍。尽迟留、凭仗西风，吹干泪眼。

Appreciation

[Plain Paraphrase] The wild geese alight on the level sand, the smoke veils the cold water, at the old fort, the sound of the reed-pipes breaks off. In the tower, the yellow dusk, the single sail, the thousand-li return journey, the years are turning late. Remembering the old wandering, the deep hall, the vermilion door, the small garden, the fragrant path, I still think of the peach-blossom face. All the lingering, relying on the western wind, to blow dry the tearful eyes. [Structure and Thought] The lyric moves from the cold autumn scene and the years turning late, through the distant beloved and the remembered past, to the written grievance and the sorrow of the two places, and the close's reliance on the western wind to dry the tears. [Key Technique] The lyric's art is the gathering of the autumn longing: the cold scene of the wild geese and the dusk crows, the peach-blossom face of the remembered past, and the close's reliance on the western wind — the longing gathered from the scene, the memory, and the close's helpless wind. [Emotional Tone] Cold, desolate, and sorrowful: the lyric is the autumn longing of the wandering, the cold scene and the distant beloved, the close's dried tears.

【白话串讲】 蔡伸写《苏武慢》：“雁落平沙，烟笼寒水，古垒鸣笳声断”——“青山隐隐，败叶萧萧，天际暝鸦零乱”——“楼上黄昏，片帆千里归程，年华将晚”——“忆旧游、邃馆朱扉，小园香径，尚想桃花人面”——他写秋思——烟笼寒水。 【意象与手法】 “雁落平沙，烟笼寒水，古垒鸣笳声断”写羁旅之景；“青山隐隐，败叶萧萧，天际暝鸦零乱”写秋景萧瑟；“楼上黄昏，片帆千里归程，年华将晚”写年华将晚；“忆旧游、邃馆朱扉，小园香径，尚想桃花人面”以桃花人面忆旧；结以“尽迟留、凭仗西风，吹干泪眼”写凭仗西风。含蓄深婉。 【情感与主旨】 蔡伸写羁旅怀人之作，写秋景萧瑟、年华将晚与对旧游桃花人面的追忆，以“凭仗西风吹干泪眼”写悲愁，是蔡伸词的代表。 【名句点睛】 常考“雁落平沙，烟笼寒水，古垒鸣笳声断”以烟笼寒水写羁旅；“忆旧游、邃馆朱扉，小园香径，尚想桃花人面”以桃花人面忆旧。

Allusions

'The level sand' (ping sha) is the flat sand of the shore — the alighting of the wild geese; 'the old fort' (gu lei) is the old fortress — the sound of the reed-pipes breaking off; 'the peach-blossom face' (tao hua ren mian) is the face of the beloved — the allusion of the peach blossom and the human face, the remembered beauty; 'the brocade scroll' (jin zhou) is the brocade of the letters — the letters of the longing; 'the golden strings' (jin hui) are the strings of the zither — the resentment filling the strings.

词中「雁落平沙」「烟笼寒水」「古垒鸣笳」「青山隐隐」「败叶萧萧」「暝鸦」「片帆」「归程」「年华将晚」「碧云空暮」「佳人」「梦魂」「邃馆朱扉」「小园香径」「桃花人面」「书盈锦轴」「金徽」「寸心幽怨」「两地离愁」「危阑」「西风」「泪眼」等语，皆含典故故实。「雁落平沙」写雁落于平沙（平沙落雁为潇湘八景之一）；「烟笼寒水」用杜牧《泊秦淮》「烟笼寒水月笼沙」之意；「古垒鸣笳」写古垒上鸣笳之声；「青山隐隐」写青山隐隐（用杜牧「青山隐隐水迢迢」之意）；「败叶萧萧」写败叶萧萧；「暝鸦」写暮鸦；「片帆」写一片孤帆；「归程」写归途；「年华将晚」写年华将暮；「碧云空暮」用江淹「日暮碧云合」之意；「佳人」写所思之人；「梦魂」写梦魂；「邃馆朱扉」写深邃之馆与朱红之门；「小园香径」写小园香径（用晏殊「小园香径独徘徊」之意）；「桃花人面」用崔护《题都城南庄》「人面桃花相映红」之典，写旧日之人；「书盈锦轴」写书信堆满锦轴（用窦滔妻苏氏织锦回文之典）；「金徽」写琴徽（金饰之徽）；「寸心幽怨」写寸心幽怨；「两地离愁」写两地离愁；「危阑」写高楼之栏；「西风」写西风；「泪眼」写含泪之眼。词人以烟笼寒水、桃花人面、书盈锦轴、金徽、小园香径等典入词，不着痕迹，而把羁旅怀人之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。

Commentary

This lyric is one of the representative works of the Song lyric of the longing, quoted for the desolation of its close. The cold scene of the wild geese and the dusk crows, and the reliance on the western wind to dry the tears, are among the admired passages of the lyric. Critics praise the lyric's longing: the autumn gathered from the cold scene and the memory, to the helpless close of the dried tears.

这首《苏武慢》，是蔡伸写羁旅怀人之作，写雁落平沙、楼上黄昏、桃花人面之情，含蓄深婉。上片写羁旅之景与年华将晚：「雁落平沙，烟笼寒水，古垒鸣笳声断」——雁落平沙，烟笼寒水，古垒鸣笳声断。写羁旅之景：雁落平沙、烟笼寒水，古垒鸣笳声断——雁、烟、笳声，写尽羁旅苍茫之景；「青山隐隐，败叶萧萧，天际暝鸦零乱」——青山隐隐，败叶萧萧，天际暝鸦零乱。写秋景萧瑟：青山隐隐、败叶萧萧，天际暝鸦零乱——青山败叶、暝鸦零乱，写尽秋景萧瑟；「楼上黄昏，片帆千里归程，年华将晚」——楼上黄昏，片帆千里归程，年华将晚。写年华将晚：楼上黄昏、片帆千里归程，年华将晚——片帆归程、年华将晚；「望碧云空暮，佳人何处，梦魂俱远」——望碧云空暮，佳人何处，梦魂俱远。写佳人何处：望碧云空暮、佳人何处，梦魂俱远——佳人何处，梦魂俱远。下片写桃花人面与两地离愁：「忆旧游、邃馆朱扉，小园香径，尚想桃花人面」——忆旧游、邃馆朱扉，小园香径，尚想桃花人面。写桃花人面：忆旧游邃馆朱扉、小园香径，尚想桃花人面——以崔护桃花人面之典，写旧日之人；「书盈锦轴，恨满金徽，难写寸心幽怨」——书盈锦轴，恨满金徽，难写寸心幽怨。写书盈恨满：书盈锦轴、恨满金徽，难写寸心幽怨——书难写寸心之怨；「两地离愁，一尊芳酒，凄凉危阑倚遍」——两地离愁，一尊芳酒，凄凉危阑倚遍。写两地离愁：两地离愁、一尊芳酒，凄凉危阑倚遍——两地离愁，倚遍危阑；「尽迟留、凭仗西风，吹干泪眼」——尽迟留、凭仗西风，吹干泪眼。写凭仗西风：尽迟留、凭仗西风，吹干泪眼——凭仗西风吹干泪眼。这「尽迟留、凭仗西风，吹干泪眼」，是全词之结：以吹干泪眼写其无奈。全词含蓄深婉，以景写情，正是蔡伸词中的名篇。

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