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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

陆游·夜游宫·记梦寄师伯浑

Night Wandering Palace · A Dream Recorded and Sent to Shi Bohun

陆游

Lu You

爱国patriotism 记梦dream-record

雪晓清笳乱起。
梦游处、不知何地。
铁骑无声望似水。
想关河，雁门西，青海际。
睡觉寒灯里。
漏声断、月斜窗纸。
自许封侯在万里。
有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死。

At snowy dawn clear reed-horns rise in clamour.
In my dream-wander I know not what land.
Armoured horsemen silent, looked at like flowing water.
I think of the passes and rivers—
West of Yanmen, the shore of Qinghai.
I wake in the cold lamplight.
The dripping clepsydra ceases; the moon slants on the window paper.
I vowed to win a marquisate ten thousand li away.
Who knows—though my temples are worn, my heart is not yet dead.

Listen

Meaning

At snowy dawn the clear reed-horns rise in a clamour. The place I roam in dream — I know not what battlefield. The iron-clad cavalry is silent and, looked at, like flowing water. I think of the passes and rivers — west of Yanmen, the shore of Qinghai. I wake and find only a cold lamp. The clepsydra's drip has stopped; the moon slants on the window paper. I pledged myself to win a marquisate ten thousand li away. Who knows — though my temples are grizzled and spent, my patriotic heart is not yet dead.

雪天拂晓，清越的胡笳声杂乱响起。梦中游历的地方、不知是何处疆场。铁甲骑兵肃静无声，望去如水流般浩荡。想那边关山河，在雁门以西，青海之滨。睡醒过来，唯有寒灯一盏。更漏声断，月影斜照窗纸。我自许要在万里之外建功封侯。有谁知道，鬓发虽已斑残，报国之 heart 却仍未死。

Appreciation

The first stanza is all dream, vast and grand in air: 'at snowy dawn clear reed-horns' and 'armoured horsemen silent, looked at like flowing water' write the splendour of the host; 'west of Yanmen, the shore of Qinghai' opens space to show the far reach of the ambition. The second stanza whirls to wakefulness: 'cold lamp,' 'clepsydra ceased,' 'moon slants' — all one cold clarity, a strong contrast with the heat above. The close 'though my temples are worn, my heart is not yet dead' falls like metal on stone, an argument that gathers the dream before and the wake after into one undying first heart. Dream and wake contrast, cold and heat spur each other, the structure alert and lofty — most showing the Fangweng lyric's deep, stern, lean-hard style.

【白话串讲】陆游梦见在边塞：“雪晓清笳乱起。梦游处、不知何地。铁骑无声望似水”——铁骑像水一样无声行进。醒来：“睡觉寒灯里。漏声断、月斜窗纸”。“有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死”——没人知道，我鬓虽残，心没死。【意象与手法】上片全写梦境，气象雄阔："雪晓清笳""铁骑无声望似水"极写军容之盛，"雁门西，青海际"以空间开阖见壮志之远【情感与主旨】此词题"记梦寄师伯浑"，师伯浑名浑甫，蜀中名士，陆游挚友【名句点睛】中高考常考：一、上片梦境描写的雄阔气象与手法；二、梦与醒的对比结构及情感效果；三、结句"鬓虽残，心未死"的抒情力量

Background

The lyric is titled 'A Dream Recorded and Sent to Shi Bohun' — Shi Bohun, named Hunfu, a celebrated scholar of Shu and a close friend of Lu You. It was probably written when Lu You joined the army in Shu (roughly 1172–1178) or in his late retirement at Shanyin; he sent it to his friend as a dream-record. The snowy-dawn horns, the iron horsemen and passes in the dream are all projections of his own military service and his soul's longing for the recovered realm. With the Southern Song making peace and patriots given no road to volunteer, Fangweng writes his heart in dream, condensing the ambition to serve the state into snow-armour and autumn wind — a representative of Southern-Song patriotic dream-lyrics, and the steadfast loyalty of a lone minister.

《夜游宫·记梦寄师伯浑》为南宋陆游所作，是写记梦抒怀的词。陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁，山阴人，南宋爱国诗人。此词：雪晓清笳乱起。梦游处、不知何地。铁骑无声望似水。想关河，雁门西，青海际。睡觉寒灯里。漏声断、月斜窗纸。自许封侯在万里。有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死。全词写记梦抒怀、壮志未已，是陆游词的名篇。

Art

The first stanza is all dream, vast and grand in air: 'at snowy dawn clear reed-horns' and 'armoured horsemen silent, looked at like flowing water' write the host's splendour; 'west of Yanmen, the shore of Qinghai' opens space to show the far reach of the ambition. The second stanza whirls to wakefulness: 'cold lamp,' 'clepsydra ceased,' 'moon slants' — one cold clarity, a strong contrast with the heat above. The close 'though my temples are worn, my heart is not yet dead' falls like metal on stone, an argument gathering the dream and the wake into one undying first heart. Dream-wake contrast, cold-heat spurring, the structure alert — most showing Fangweng's deep, stern style.

《夜游宫·记梦寄师伯浑》艺术上以梦境的开阔与壮心的深沉见长。全词十一句，层层写来：上片写梦中关河——“雪晓清笳乱起”写雪晓清笳，“梦游处、不知何地”写梦游不知何地，“铁骑无声望似水”写铁骑无声，“想关河，雁门西，青海际”写关河雁门青海；下片写梦醒壮心——“睡觉寒灯里”写梦醒寒灯，“漏声断、月斜窗纸”写漏断月斜，“自许封侯在万里”写自许封侯，“有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死”写鬓残心未死。全词以记梦写壮心，正是陆游词沉郁悲壮的笔法。

Allusions

In the second stanza 'I vowed to win a marquisate ten thousand li away' transforms Ban Chao's 'throwing aside the brush to join the army' and 'winning a marquisate ten thousand li' (Hou Han Shu, Biography of Ban Chao) — Ban Chao said 'a great man has no other plan; he should emulate Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian and win honour in the foreign lands to take a marquisate'; Fangweng uses it to declare his recovery ambition. 'Yanmen' and 'Qinghai' are both north-west frontier place-names, standing for the then-occupied Central Plain and Hexi homeland. The allusion is apt and grand, quietly linking his personal dream to the thousand-year hero tradition, giving the dream historical depth and the weight of family-and-state.

《夜游宫·记梦寄师伯浑》用典在“铁骑”“封侯”“雁门”“青海”。“铁骑无声望似水”写铁骑如流；“雁门西，青海际”写雁门关、青海之地（边地）；“自许封侯在万里”写自许万里封侯。全词以这些边地意象写记梦抒怀、壮志未已，不用深典而沉郁自见，正是陆游词的笔法。

Commentary

The modern Yu Pingbo prized its 'wide above, narrow below; dream hot, wake cold — a superb contrast.' Tang Guizhang said the close 'though my temples are worn, my heart is not yet dead' is worth a thousand words, writing the pain of a lone, wronged minister. Read with Su Shi's 'Riverside Town · Hunting at Mizhou,' both write the will to serve the state in a bold brush; yet Fangweng adds a layer of old-yet-firmer grief. Later critics often read it with 'Telling My Heart,' saying Lu's dream-lyrics are all born of the soul of recovery.

《夜游宫·记梦寄师伯浑》是陆游词的名篇，也是南宋词中写记梦抒怀的代表作。此词写记梦抒怀、壮志未已，向为论者称道。论者多赏其梦境的开阔与壮心的深沉——“铁骑无声望似水。想关河，雁门西，青海际”写梦中铁骑关河，壮阔之极；“有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死”写鬓残心未死，更见壮心未已。陆游为南宋爱国诗人，其词以沉郁悲壮著称，此词正是其代表——以记梦写壮心，正是其词风。

Prosody

Form Lyric, 'Night Wandering Palace' (Ye You Gong), double-tune 53 characters词·夜游宫

Rhyme Oblique rhyme, per Ci Lin Zheng Yun, oblique rhymes in both stanzas《夜游宫·记梦寄师伯浑》为双调词，押仄声韵。此词用韵：起、地、水、际（霁部）、里、纸、里、死（纸部），一韵到底，音节悲壮。

Tone pattern Short crisp lines, transition opens with three characters; fit for dream-record short lyric夜游宫为双调词，音节悲壮而沉郁。此词写记梦抒怀、壮志未已，音节悲壮而沉郁。全词一韵到底，声调与壮心未已的内容相合，是陆游词中沉郁悲壮的一路。

Reading note 'Night Wandering Palace' is also a variant of 'Nian Nu Jiao'; compact lines — Fangweng gains a stern, lean-hard force in it for dream records.《夜游宫·记梦寄师伯浑》为南宋陆游所作，是写记梦抒怀的词。此词以“铁骑无声望似水。想关河，雁门西，青海际”写梦中关河，以“睡觉寒灯里”写梦醒孤寂，以“自许封侯在万里。有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死”写壮志未已。以记梦写壮心，正是陆游词的名篇。

Line by line

雪晓清笳乱起。梦游处、不知何地。铁骑无声望似水。想关河，雁门西，青海际。

Snowy dawn, the clear bugle's wild rising. The place I walk in the dream — I know not where. The iron cavalry, silent, looks like flowing water. I think of the mountain passes and rivers, west of the Yan Gate, by the rim of the Blue Sea.

雪晓清笳乱起。梦游之处，不知何地。铁骑无声，望之似水。想那关河，雁门之西，青海之边。

A snowy dawn, the clear bugles rising in confusion. Where I wander in the dream, I know not. The iron cavalry, silent, seem like flowing water. I think of the passes and rivers, west of Yanmen, by the Blue Sea.

上片写梦中关河，是全词记梦的起点。“雪晓清笳乱起。梦游处、不知何地”写雪晓梦游——“雪晓清笳乱起”写雪晓清笳乱起，“梦游处、不知何地”写梦游之处不知何地——雪晓清笳，梦游不知地；“铁骑无声望似水。想关河，雁门西，青海际”写梦中关河——“铁骑无声望似水”写铁骑无声、望之似水，“想关河，雁门西，青海际”写想那关河、雁门之西、青海之边——铁骑似水，关河雁门青海。六句写梦中关河：雪晓清笳乱起、梦游处不知何地，铁骑无声望似水、想关河雁门西青海际。以“雪晓清笳乱起”写梦中雪晓笳声，以“铁骑无声望似水”写铁骑如流、无声而壮，以“想关河，雁门西，青海际”写梦中所想之关河、雁门、青海，正是陆游词写记梦抒怀、壮阔之景的起点——梦中铁骑，直指关河。

The first stanza writes the dream's passes and rivers, the starting point of the ci's dream record. Snowy dawn, the clear bugles rising in confusion. The place I walk in the dream — I know not where. writes the snowy dawn and the dream — the snowy dawn bugle, the dream place unknown; the iron cavalry, silent, looks like flowing water. I think of the mountain passes and rivers, west of the Yan Gate, by the rim of the Blue Sea. writes the dream's passes and rivers — the silent cavalry like flowing water, the passes and rivers thought of, the west of Yanmen, the Blue Sea's edge. Six lines: the snowy dawn and the bugle, the dream place unknown; the silent cavalry like water, the passes, Yanmen, and the Blue Sea. The snowy dawn bugle writes the dream's bugle, the silent cavalry writes the flowing host's silent grandeur, the thought of the passes and rivers writes the dream's imagined frontiers — precisely Lu You's starting point for the dream-record and the broad scene: the dream's iron cavalry, pointing straight to the frontiers.

睡觉寒灯里。漏声断、月斜窗纸。自许封侯在万里。有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死。

I wake in the cold lamp. The water clock's sound broken, the moon slanting on the window paper. I still promise myself the fief ten thousand li away. Who knows: the temples though worn, the heart not dead.

醒来睡在寒灯里。漏声已断、月斜窗纸。自许万里封侯。有谁知道，鬓虽残，心未死。

I wake within the cold lamp. The water-clock sound has ceased, the moon slants on the window paper. I still claim the fief ten thousand li away. Who knows: the temples worn, and yet the heart not dead.

下片写梦醒壮心，是全词壮志未已的归结。“睡觉寒灯里。漏声断、月斜窗纸”写梦醒寒灯——“睡觉寒灯里”写醒来睡在寒灯里，“漏声断、月斜窗纸”写漏声已断、月斜窗纸——睡醒寒灯，漏断月斜；“自许封侯在万里。有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死”写壮心未已——“自许封侯在万里”写自许万里封侯，“有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死”写有谁知道、鬓虽残、心未死——自许封侯，鬓残心未死。五句写梦醒壮心：睡觉寒灯里、漏声断月斜窗纸，自许封侯在万里、有谁知鬓虽残心未死。以“睡觉寒灯里。漏声断、月斜窗纸”写梦醒后寒灯漏断、月斜窗纸之孤寂，以“自许封侯在万里”写万里封侯之壮心，以“有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死”写鬓虽残而心未死，正是陆游词写壮志未已的归结——梦中驰骋，醒来壮心仍在。

The second stanza writes the waking and the unbroken will, the gathering of the ci's unexhausted ambition. I wake in the cold lamp. The water clock's sound broken, the moon slanting on the window paper. writes the waking and the cold lamp — the waking in the cold lamp, the clock's break and the moon's slant; I still promise myself the fief ten thousand li away. Who knows: the temples though worn, the heart not dead. writes the unbroken will — the self-promise of the distant fief, the worn temples and the dead-not heart. Five lines: the waking in the cold lamp, the broken clock and slanted moon; the self-promise of the fief, the worn temples and the dead-not heart. The waking and the cold lamp write the solitude after waking, the self-promise the distant fief's will, the worn temples and the dead-not heart the will unbroken — precisely Lu You's gathering of the unexhausted ambition: the dream's charge, and the waking will still alive.

Study

Word focus

清笳 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “雪晓清笳乱起”之“清笳”，写凄清的胡笳，是全词写梦中边地之声的关键词。“清笳”写清越之笳（胡笳）——雪晓清笳乱起。这一词写边地之音：不是中原之乐，而清笳；不是欢愉之声，而清越悲凉之笳。以“雪晓清笳乱起”写梦中雪晓笳声，正是陆游词写边地之梦的笔法。

铁骑 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “铁骑无声望似水”之“铁骑”，写铁甲骑兵，是全词写梦中军旅的关键词。“铁骑”写铁甲之骑——铁骑无声、望之似水。这一词写军旅之盛：不是寻常之众，而铁骑；不是散乱之兵，而无声如水之骑。以“铁骑无声望似水”写铁骑如流、无声而壮，正是陆游词写梦中军旅壮阔的笔法。

封侯 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “自许封侯在万里”之“封侯”，写封侯，是全词写壮心之志的关键词。“封侯”写建功封侯——自许万里封侯。这一词写志之壮：不是寻常之愿，而封侯；不是可止之志，而万里封侯。以“自许封侯在万里”写万里封侯之壮心，正是陆游词写壮志未已的笔法。

心未死 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “鬓虽残，心未死”之“心未死”，写心未死，是全词写壮心未已的归结词。“鬓虽残”写鬓发虽残，“心未死”写报国之心未死——鬓虽残，心未死。这一词写壮心之坚：不是已冷之心，而心未死；不是可消之志，而鬓残心不死。以“有谁知，鬓虽残，心未死”写鬓发已残而壮心未死，正是陆游词写壮志未已的归结。