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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

浣溪沙·簌簌衣巾落枣花

Huanxisha: Date Blossoms Fall on My Clothes

苏轼

Su Shi

田园pastoral 行旅travel 苏轼Su Shi

簌簌衣巾落枣花,村南村北响缲车。
牛衣古柳卖黄瓜。
酒困路长惟欲睡,日高人渴漫思茶。
敲门试问野人家。

Date blossoms fall with a rustle on my clothes and kerchief; south and north of the village the reeling wheels hum. An old man in straw coat sells cucumbers beneath the ancient willow.
Wine-drowsy and the road long, I only want to sleep; the sun high, my throat dry, I vaguely long for tea. I knock at the gate and ask the country folk for some.
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Meaning

The lyric records a country walk in early summer—rustling date blossoms, humming reeling wheels, a cucumber seller—and closes with the poet, wine-drowsy and thirsty, knocking at a farmhouse for tea, showing his easy, approachable bond with rural folk.

枣花簌簌地落在衣巾上,村南村北响起缫车的声音。披着牛衣的老汉在古柳下卖黄瓜。 酒意困人、路途漫长,只想要睡;日头高照、人口渴了,漫然想着茶。敲开柴门试问乡野人家讨杯茶。

Appreciation

Entirely plain description, blending sight and sound (the rustle, the hum, the selling). It brings ordinary village sights into lyric, its language homely yet full of delight—Su Shi's fresh, pastoral strain of village lyrics. The closing 'I knock and ask' catches his humility and ease among the people, the most lovable moment of the piece.

【白话串讲】 苏轼下乡看农事:“簌簌衣巾落枣花,村南村北响缲车”——枣花落满衣巾,到处是缫丝声。“牛衣古柳卖黄瓜”——“酒困路长惟欲睡,日高人渴漫思茶。敲门试问野人家”——他渴了,敲门向农家讨茶喝。最亲切的苏轼。 【意象与手法】 全用白描,视听结合(簌簌、响、卖)。以寻常乡村风物入词,语言质俚而意趣盎然,是苏轼农村词清新一路。 【情感与主旨】 展现词人谪居乡野时随遇而安、亲近农人的洒脱襟怀。不写忧愤而写闲适,于平淡中见坡仙真趣。 【名句点睛】 敲门试问野人家——以一'试'字写尽与民同乐的谦和,是全篇最可亲处。

Background

This lyric was written in 1078 during Su Shi's tenure as prefect of Xuzhou, on a journey giving thanks for rain; the set of five 'Huanxisha' all write of village scenes, this being the first, recording what he saw in the fields in early summer.

《浣溪沙·簌簌衣巾落枣花》为宋代苏轼所作,是写徐州乡村之景、闲适之情的词。苏轼(1037—1101),字子瞻,号东坡居士,眉山人,宋代文学家。此词:簌簌衣巾落枣花,村南村北响缲车。牛衣古柳卖黄瓜。酒困路长惟欲睡,日高人渴漫思茶。敲门试问野人家。全词写徐州乡村之景、闲适之情,是苏轼词的名篇。

Art

It brings colloquial speech into lyric, plain as a painting; upper part scene, lower part feeling, moving from motion (falling, humming, selling) to stillness (drowsy, thirsty, knocking), its structure loose yet sufficient.

《浣溪沙·簌簌衣巾落枣花》艺术上以乡村之景的描摹与闲适之情的自然见长。全词分两片:上片写乡村之景——“簌簌衣巾落枣花,村南村北响缲车”写簌簌枣花、村南村北缲车,“牛衣古柳卖黄瓜”写牛衣古柳卖黄瓜;下片写闲适之情——“酒困路长惟欲睡,日高人渴漫思茶”写酒困路长、日高思茶,“敲门试问野人家”写敲门试问野人家。全词以乡村之景写闲适之情,正是苏轼词自然的笔法。

Allusions

'Reeling wheel' (sao che): the silk-reeling frame; 'straw coat' (niu yi): a hemp winter garment, here coarse clothing; 'country folk' (ye ren jia): rural households.

《浣溪沙·簌簌衣巾落枣花》用典在“缲车”“牛衣”“野人”。“缲车”写缫丝之车;“牛衣”写牛衣(粗布衣,典出《汉书》王章牛衣对泣);“野人”写乡野之人。全词以这些意象写徐州乡村之景、闲适之情,用典自然而平实自见,正是苏轼词的笔法。

Commentary

The Master's (Su's) village lyrics sweep away the late-Tang Five-Dynasties ornateness and open the Song lyric's turn toward the lives of the people; read together with 'Xijiang Yue: Night Walk on the Yellow Sand Road' one sees the same vein.

《浣溪沙·簌簌衣巾落枣花》是苏轼词的名篇,也是宋词中写乡村之景的代表作。此词写徐州乡村之景、闲适之情,向为论者称道。论者多赏其乡村之景的描摹与闲适之情的自然——“簌簌衣巾落枣花,村南村北响缲车”写簌簌枣花、缲车响,自然之极;“牛衣古柳卖黄瓜”写牛衣古柳、卖黄瓜,更见其朴;“酒困路长惟欲睡,日高人渴漫思茶”写酒困日高、漫思茶,尤见其闲;“敲门试问野人家”写敲门试问野人家,尤见其真。此词作于苏轼知徐州时,写谢雨道中,正是其代表——以乡村之景写闲适之情,正是其词风。

Prosody

Form Huanxisha, double-tune, forty-two characters词(浣溪沙)
Rhyme Rhyme not specified in the source.《浣溪沙·簌簌衣巾落枣花》为词(浣溪沙),四十二字,押平声韵。此词用韵:花、车、瓜(麻部)、茶、家(麻部),一韵到底,音节自然。
Tone pattern Its syllables are bright and brisk.词(浣溪沙)以音节自然、情致平易见长。此词写徐州乡村之景、闲适之情,音节自然而平易。全词以长短句贯底,声调与乡村之景的内容相合,是苏轼词中自然的一路。
Reading note A double-tune short lyric: the upper part writes the village's sound and color, the lower part the traveler's idle feeling; bright and brisk in syllable, it is a fresh piece among the Master's village lyrics.《浣溪沙·簌簌衣巾落枣花》为宋代苏轼所作,是写徐州乡村之景、闲适之情的词。此词以“簌簌衣巾落枣花,村南村北响缲车。牛衣古柳卖黄瓜”写乡村之景,以“酒困路长惟欲睡,日高人渴漫思茶”写闲适之情,以“敲门试问野人家”写叩门问茶。写徐州乡村之景,正是苏轼词的名篇。

Line by line

簌簌衣巾落枣花,村南村北响缲车。牛衣古柳卖黄瓜。

Date blossoms fall with a rustle on my clothes and kerchief; south and north of the village the reeling wheels hum. An old man in straw coat sells cucumbers beneath the ancient willow.

簌簌衣巾落枣花,村南村北响缲车。牛衣古柳卖黄瓜。

Date blossoms patter onto my robe and headcloth; south and north of the village the silk-reeling wheels hum; under the ancient willow, a man in a straw coat sells cucumbers.

上片写乡村之景,是全词写徐州之景的起点。“簌簌衣巾落枣花”写簌簌枣花落衣巾——“簌簌衣巾落枣花”写枣花簌簌落在衣巾上——簌簌衣巾落枣花;“村南村北响缲车”写村南村北响缲车——“村南村北响缲车”写村南村北响起缫车之声——村南村北响缲车;“牛衣古柳卖黄瓜”写牛衣古柳卖黄瓜——“牛衣古柳卖黄瓜”用牛衣之典写牛衣老翁在古柳下卖黄瓜——牛衣古柳卖黄瓜。三句写乡村之景:簌簌衣巾落枣花,村南村北响缲车。牛衣古柳卖黄瓜。以“簌簌衣巾落枣花”写枣花簌簌、落满衣巾,以“村南村北响缲车”写缫车之声、村南村北,以“牛衣古柳卖黄瓜”写牛衣古柳、卖瓜之景,正是苏轼词写徐州之景的起点——枣花缲车,古柳卖瓜。

The first stanza writes the village scene, the starting point of the ci's portrait of Xuzhou. Date blossoms patter onto my robe and headcloth writes the blossoms falling on the clothes; south and north of the village the silk-reeling wheels hum writes the reeling wheels sounding through the village; under the ancient willow, a man in a straw coat sells cucumbers uses the straw-coat allusion for the old willow and the cucumber seller. Three lines: the pattering blossoms on the clothes, the humming wheels south and north, the ancient willow and the cucumbers — precisely the starting point of Su Shi's Xuzhou scene: date blossoms, reeling wheels, willow and melons.

酒困路长惟欲睡,日高人渴漫思茶。

Wine-drowsed, the road long, I only want to sleep; the sun high, my throat dry, I vaguely think of tea.

酒困路长惟欲睡,日高人渴漫思茶。

Wine weighs on me, the road is long, I want nothing but sleep; the sun stands high, I am thirsty, and I vaguely think of tea.

此二句写酒困欲睡、日高思茶,是全词写闲适之情的深化。“酒困路长惟欲睡”写酒困欲睡——“酒困路长惟欲睡”写酒意困人、路途漫长只想睡——酒困路长惟欲睡;“日高人渴漫思茶”写日高思茶——“日高人渴漫思茶”写日头高照、人渴漫然思茶——日高人渴漫思茶。二句写酒困欲睡、日高思茶:酒困路长惟欲睡,日高人渴漫思茶。以“酒困路长惟欲睡”写酒困路长、倦极欲睡,以“日高人渴漫思茶”写日高口渴、漫然思茶,正是苏轼词写闲适之情的深化——酒困欲睡,日渴思茶。

These two lines write the drowsiness and the thirst, the deepening of the ci's leisure. Wine weighs on me, the road is long, I want nothing but sleep writes the wine's weight and the road's length and the craving for sleep; the sun stands high, I am thirsty, and I vaguely think of tea writes the high sun and the vague longing for tea. Two lines: the drowsy road and the thirst at high noon — precisely the deepening of Su's leisure: wine-drowsed and road-weary, sun-high and tea-hungry.

敲门试问野人家。

I knock at the door and ask, as one might, at a countryman's house.

敲门试问野人家。

I knock at the door and make bold to ask a country house.

末写敲门试问野人家,是全词写闲适之情的归结。“敲门试问野人家”写敲门试问野人家——“敲门试问野人家”用野人之称写敲门试问乡野人家——敲门试问野人家。一句写敲门试问野人家:敲门试问野人家。以“敲门试问野人家”写途渴叩门、试问乡野人家(讨茶),正是苏轼词写闲适之情的归结——叩门问茶,野人之家。

The close writes the knock at the door, the gathering of the ci's leisure. I knock at the door and make bold to ask a country house uses the word rustic for the country house, writing the knocking and the asking for tea. One line: the thirsty traveler knocking to ask a country house for tea — precisely the gathering of Su's leisure: the knock, the asking, the rustic home.

Study

Word focus

簌簌 'Su su' (rustling) writes of the light falling of the blossoms. “簌簌衣巾落枣花”之“簌簌”,写枣花簌簌而落,是全词写乡村之景的摹声词。“簌簌”写簌簌(花落之声)——枣花簌簌落在衣巾上。这一词写落之态:不是无声之落,而簌簌;不是可状之飘,而纷纷有声。以“簌簌衣巾落枣花”写枣花簌簌落衣巾,正是苏轼词写乡村之景的起点。
缲车 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “村南村北响缲车”之“缲车”,写缫丝之车,是全词写乡村农事的关键词。“缲车”写缫丝之车——村南村北响起缫车之声。这一词写农事之忙:不是闲静之村,而响缲车;不是可略之声,而遍村机杼。以“村南村北响缲车”写缫车之声遍村,正是苏轼词写乡村之景、农事正忙的笔法。
牛衣古柳 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “牛衣古柳卖黄瓜”之“牛衣古柳”,写牛衣老翁与古柳,是全词写乡村人物风物的关键词。“牛衣”用牛衣之典写粗布衣,“古柳”写古老柳树——牛衣老翁、古柳之下卖黄瓜。这一词写人物之朴:不是华服之人,而牛衣古柳;不是可略之景,而古朴如画。以“牛衣古柳卖黄瓜”写牛衣古柳、卖瓜之景,正是苏轼词写乡村风物的笔法。
敲门试问 A key expression in the poem. Read it as an image, mood, or grammar point in context. “敲门试问野人家”之“敲门试问”,写敲门试问(讨茶),是全词写闲适之情的归结词。“敲门”写叩门,“试问”写试着相问——敲门试问乡野人家。这一词写问茶之态:不是直入之家,而敲门试问;不是可客之气,而平易自然。以“敲门试问野人家”写叩门问茶,正是苏轼词写闲适之情的归结。

Related Reading

浣溪沙·游蕲水清泉寺 Silk-Washing Stream: Visiting the Clear Spring Temple on Qishui River 苏轼 · 同为苏轼浣溪沙写途中之景,一写乡村一写清泉,皆自然 Related reading

Compare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.

苏轼《浣溪沙·游蕲水清泉寺》写清泉寺之景,与本首同为苏轼浣溪沙。差异在情境:簌簌衣巾写徐州乡村;游蕲水清泉寺写清泉寺。一写“村”之景,一写“泉”之景。两者并读,可见苏轼浣溪沙写途中之景的两种情境。

新城道中 On the Xincheng Road 苏轼 · 同为苏轼诗写山村之景,一写乡村一写新城,皆清新 Related reading

Compare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.

苏轼《新城道中》“东风知我欲山行,吹断檐间积雨声”写山村之景,与本首同为苏轼写乡村。差异在体裁:簌簌衣巾为词;新城道中为诗。一写“村”之景,一写“城”之途。两者并读,可见苏轼写乡村的两种体裁。

浣溪沙·细雨斜风 Tune: Silk-Washing Stream — Fine Rain and Slanting Wind 苏轼 · 与本首相关联的同类或同作者作品,供对比阅读 Related reading

Compare this related work with the poem above through theme, imagery, tone, and emotional movement.

此处关联苏轼《浣溪沙·细雨斜风》,与本首在主题、体裁或作者上相关联,可对比阅读以见其同异。