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宋 Song · 词 Ci lyric

定风波·南海归赠王定国侍人寓娘

Dingfengbo: Presented on Return from the South Seas to Wang Dingguo's Maid Yuniang

苏轼

Su Shi

爱情Love 豁达Open-mindedness / detachment

常羡人间琢玉郎。
天应乞与点酥娘。
尽道清歌传皓齿。
风起。
雪飞炎海变清凉。
万里归来颜愈少。
微笑。
笑时犹带岭梅香。
试问岭南应不好。
却道。
此心安处是吾乡。

Often I envy that jade-carved gentleman of the world.
Heaven should grant him a cream-skinned maid.
All say her clear song flows from gleaming teeth.
The wind rises.
Snow flies, and the fiery sea turns cool and clear.
Returning from ten thousand li, her face seems younger still.
A faint smile.
In smiling, she still bears the fragrance of southern plum.
I ask: the South beyond the ranges—surely it was not good?
She answers:
Where my heart finds peace, there is my home.

Listen

Meaning

The poet envies his friend Wang Dingguo his lovely maid Yuniang, whose clear singing could cool even the fiery southern heat. After following Wang through exile and returning ten thousand li, she looks younger, smiling with the fragrance of southern plum still about her. Asked whether the southern exile was not hard, she answers that where the heart is at peace is home—a perfect expression of detachment.

常羡慕人间那琢玉郎，上天应赐给他一位点酥娘。都说她清歌一曲，皓齿生辉。风起，如雪飞，炎海也变清凉。万里归来，容颜反而更少。微笑，笑时还带着岭南的梅花香。试问岭南应是不好？她却道：此心安处，便是吾乡。

Appreciation

This lyric, presented to his friend's maid Yuniang, celebrates her composure and breadth of spirit after hardship. The upper stanza praises her beauty and voice; the lower reveals her detachment through the famous line 'where my heart finds peace, there is my home.' Su Shi uses a person to embody detachment, writing deep feeling through openness—both his admiration for her and a self-encouragement in his own exile.

【白话串讲】苏轼写《定风波·南海归赠王定国侍人寓娘》：王定国被贬岭南，侍人寓娘不离不弃。苏轼问她岭南好不好，她说：“此心安处是吾乡”——心安定下来，哪里都是故乡——这句安慰了无数漂泊的人。【意象与手法】此词是苏轼写赠友人之侍妾寓娘的名篇，写寓娘随王定国贬谪岭南归来后的从容与旷达，是苏轼词中「以人写达」的名篇。上片写寓娘的才貌与歌声：「常羡人间琢玉郎，天应乞与点酥娘」以琢玉郎、点酥娘写王定国与寓娘的天作之合；「尽道清歌传皓齿」写其歌声；「风起，雪飞炎海变清凉」以雪飞炎海写歌声的清凉，是千古名句。下片写寓娘的旷达：「万里归来颜愈少，微笑，笑时犹带岭梅香」写其归来后的从容；「试问岭南应不好，却道，此心安处是吾乡」以问答写其「此心安处是吾乡」的旷达，是千古名句。全词以「雪飞炎海变清凉」「此心安处是吾乡」写寓娘的旷达与苏轼的欣赏，是苏轼词中「以旷达写深情」的名篇。【情感与主旨】此词约作于宋神宗元丰六年（1083），时苏轼在黄州贬所，友人王定国（王巩）自岭南（贬所宾州）归来，携侍妾寓娘（柔奴）同来探望，苏轼有感而作此词相赠。王定国因「乌台诗案」受牵连被贬岭南宾州，寓娘（柔奴）随行，历尽艰辛；元丰六年北归，与苏轼在黄州重逢。苏轼见寓娘万里归来、容颜如故，问其岭南风物，寓娘答「此心安处，便是吾乡」，苏轼遂作此词。词中「常羡人间琢玉郎，天应乞与点酥娘」写王定国（琢玉郎，喻其风采如琢玉）与寓娘（点酥娘，喻其肌肤如凝酥）的天作之合；「尽道清歌传皓齿」写寓娘的歌声；「风起，雪飞炎海变清凉」写寓娘歌声的清凉——那歌声如风起雪飞，令炎热的岭南也变得清凉；「万里归来颜愈少」写寓娘万里归来、容颜反而更少（不显老）；「微笑，笑时犹带岭梅香」写其微笑中带着岭南的梅花香——那「岭梅香」既是岭南风物的记忆，也是寓娘历经磨难后的从容；「试问岭南应不好，却道，此心安处是吾乡」写寓娘的旷达——问她岭南应是不好？她却道「此心安处是吾乡」——只要心安，哪里都是故乡。全词以寓娘的从容写「随遇而安」的旷达，那「此心安处是吾乡」既是寓娘的心声，也是苏轼的欣赏与自勉（苏轼此时亦贬居黄州），是苏轼词中「以旷达写深情」的名篇。【名句点睛】常考“此心安处是吾乡”写寓娘的旷达，安慰了无数漂泊之人；“雪飞炎海变清凉”写歌声之清凉，是千古名句。

Background

This lyric was written about 1083 (Yuanfeng 6), presented to the maid Yuniang (Rounu) of his friend Wang Dingguo. Wang Dingguo, named Gong, was Su Shi's friend; implicated in the 'Wutai Poetry Case' (1079, when Su Shi was banished to Huangzhou), he was exiled to Binzhou in Lingnan. His maid Yuniang (Rounu, surnamed Yuwen) followed him through hardship; in Yuanfeng 6 he returned north and met Su Shi at Huangzhou, Yuniang with him. Su Shi, seeing her returned yet youthful, asked about Lingnan; she answered 'where my heart finds peace, there is my home,' and he wrote this lyric. 'Often I envy that jade-carved gentleman' writes Wang and Yuniang—'jade-carved gentleman' likens Wang's grace to carved jade, 'cream-skinned maid' likens her skin to congealed cream; 'all say her clear song flows from gleaming teeth' writes her singing; 'the wind rises, snow flies, the fiery sea turns cool and clear' writes the coolness of her song—like wind and snow cooling the hot Lingnan (the 'fiery sea' also figures the gloom of exile); 'returning from ten thousand li, her face seems younger still' writes her composure after hardship; 'in smiling, she still bears the fragrance of southern plum' writes the plum-fragrance memory of Lingnan and her composure after suffering; 'I ask: the South beyond the ranges—surely it was not good? She answers: where my heart finds peace, there is my home' writes her detachment. This is a model of 'writing deep feeling through detachment,' and 'where my heart finds peace' is both her voice and Su Shi's own consolation (he too was in exile at Huangzhou).

此词约作于宋神宗元丰六年（1083），是苏轼写赠友人王定国侍妾寓娘（柔奴）的词。王定国名巩，是苏轼的好友，因「乌台诗案」（元丰二年苏轼因诗获罪，被贬黄州）受牵连，被贬岭南宾州（今广西宾阳）。王定国的侍妾寓娘（柔奴，复姓宇文，名柔奴）随其同行，历经艰辛；元丰六年，王定国自岭南北归，与苏轼在黄州重逢，寓娘同来。苏轼见寓娘万里归来、容颜如故，问其岭南风物，寓娘答「此心安处，便是吾乡」，苏轼遂作此词相赠。词中「常羡人间琢玉郎，天应乞与点酥娘」写王定国与寓娘——「琢玉郎」喻王定国风采如琢玉之美，「点酥娘」喻寓娘肌肤如凝酥之嫩，写二人天作之合；「尽道清歌传皓齿」写寓娘的歌声（「皓齿」写其齿白，歌声从皓齿传出）；「风起，雪飞炎海变清凉」写寓娘歌声的清凉——那清歌如风起雪飞，令炎热的岭南也变得清凉（「炎海」指岭南的炎热，也暗指贬谪的苦闷），夸张地写歌声的魔力；「万里归来颜愈少」写寓娘万里归来、容颜反而更少——历经艰辛而不显老，写其心境的从容；「微笑，笑时犹带岭梅香」写其微笑中带着岭南的梅花香——「岭梅」指岭南的梅花，那「岭梅香」既是岭南风物的记忆，也是寓娘历经磨难后的从容与芬芳；「试问岭南应不好，却道，此心安处是吾乡」写寓娘的旷达——问她岭南应是不好？她却道「此心安处是吾乡」——只要心安，哪里都是故乡。此词是苏轼词中「以旷达写深情」的名篇，那「此心安处是吾乡」既是寓娘的心声，也是苏轼的欣赏与自勉（他此时亦贬居黄州，以「心安」自慰），是理解苏轼旷达精神与「随遇而安」人生观的核心作品。

Art

The art of this lyric can be read on four levels. First, the conception of 'writing detachment through a person': it does not discuss detachment directly but embodies it in Yuniang—her composure 'returned yet younger,' her fragrance 'still bearing southern plum,' her words 'where my heart finds peace'—all are her image and the detachment Su Shi admires. Second, the interplay of real and unreal: 'snow flies, the fiery sea turns cool and clear' uses hyperbole to write the coolness of her song—like snow cooling the fiery sea, an unreal, wondrous image that writes her talent and mind. Third, the closing question-and-answer: 'I ask... she answers...' draws out her detachment with a pointed, lingering line. Fourth, fresh imagery: 'jade-carved gentleman,' 'cream-skinned maid,' 'gleaming teeth,' 'snow flies, fiery sea,' 'southern plum fragrance'—the plum-fragrance hints her composure after Lingnan's trials. The four levels build the lyric into a model of 'writing deep feeling through detachment.'

此词的艺术特色可从四个层面解析。其一，以人写达的构思。全词不直接议论「旷达」，而以寓娘的形象写之——那「万里归来颜愈少」的从容、「笑时犹带岭梅香」的芬芳、「此心安处是吾乡」的旷达，都是寓娘的形象，也是苏轼欣赏的旷达，以人写达、形象鲜明。其二，虚实相生的笔法。「雪飞炎海变清凉」以「雪飞炎海」的夸张写寓娘歌声的清凉——那歌声如雪飞、令炎海变清凉，虚实相生、想象奇绝，以歌声的魔力写寓娘的才情与心境。其三，问答的收束。「试问岭南应不好，却道，此心安处是吾乡」以问答写寓娘的旷达——「试问」是问岭南应是不好，「却道」是寓娘的回答，「此心安处是吾乡」八字，以问答引出，警策而隽永，是千古名句。其四，意象的清新。全词意象清新：琢玉郎、点酥娘、皓齿、雪飞炎海、岭梅香，那「岭梅香」以岭南梅花写寓娘历经磨难后的从容，意象清新而意味深长。四重手法层层推进，使此词成为苏轼词中「以旷达写深情」的名篇。

Allusions

'Often I envy that jade-carved gentleman... Heaven should grant him a cream-skinned maid' writes Wang and Yuniang—'jade-carved gentleman' evokes the 'jade tree in the wind' image and the Shi Shuo Xin Yu 'jade mountain about to fall' anecdote of a beautiful man; 'cream-skinned maid' evokes 'congealed cream' skin (Bai Juyi's 'warm spring water, slippery, washing congealed cream' for Yang Guifei); 'Heaven should grant' evokes the 'golden boy and jade maid' immortals. 'All say her clear song flows from gleaming teeth'—'gleaming teeth' evokes the beauty image of 'bright eyes and white teeth.' 'The wind rises, snow flies, the fiery sea turns cool and clear'—'fiery sea' is the hot Lingnan (ancient 'fiery region'), evoking the 'miasma' imagery; 'snow flies, fiery sea' evokes 'quenching thirst at the thought of plum' and 'June snow' hyperbole, also hinting her song dissipates exile's gloom. 'Returning from ten thousand li, her face seems younger still' evokes the immortal 'preserving youth' and 'only after cold do we know the pine's latter withering.' 'In smiling, she still bears the fragrance of southern plum'—'southern plum' evokes the plum of the Lingnan ranges (Yuling plum), hinting the plum's character of 'blooming alone in cold' and 'fragrance from bitter cold.' 'I ask... where my heart finds peace, there is my home' adapts Bai Juyi's 'I was born with no native place; peace of mind is where I belong' and the Zhuangzi's 'accept the times and dwell at ease'—writing detachment as 'home is where the heart is,' the highest expression of Chinese scholars' 'take things as they come.'

此词的意象与用语深植于神仙与旷达传统。「常羡人间琢玉郎，天应乞与点酥娘」写王定国与寓娘——「琢玉郎」写王定国风采如琢玉之美（令人想到「玉树临风」的意象与《世说新语》「玉山将崩」的玉人典故），「点酥娘」写寓娘肌肤如凝酥之嫩（「酥」写肤如凝脂，令人想到「温泉水滑洗凝脂」（白居易《长恨歌》）写杨妃肌肤的「凝脂」意象），「天应乞与」写天作之合——那琢玉郎应有点酥娘相配，令人想到「金童玉女」的仙侣意象；「尽道清歌传皓齿」写寓娘的歌声——「皓齿」写齿白（「皓齿」令人想到「皓齿蛾眉」与「明眸皓齿」的美人意象），「清歌传皓齿」写歌声从皓齿传出，令人想到「歌彻皓齿」的写歌传统；「风起，雪飞炎海变清凉」写歌声的清凉——「炎海」写岭南的炎热（岭南古称炎方，「炎海」令人想到「瘴烟」的岭南意象），「雪飞炎海」写歌声如雪飞、令炎海变清凉，令人想到「望梅止渴」的清凉想象与「六月飞霜」的夸张笔法，也暗写寓娘的歌声能消解贬谪的苦闷（炎海亦是苦闷的象征）。「万里归来颜愈少」写其归来后的从容——「颜愈少」写其容颜不显老，令人想到「驻颜」的仙家意象与「岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也」的历难不改；「微笑，笑时犹带岭梅香」写其微笑中的梅花香——「岭梅」写岭南的梅花（岭南多梅，「庾岭梅花」是岭南的意象），那「岭梅香」写寓娘历经岭南磨难而自带梅香，令人想到「凌寒独自开」（王安石《梅花》）的梅花品格与「香自苦寒来」的梅花精神；「试问岭南应不好，却道，此心安处是吾乡」写寓娘的旷达——「此心安处是吾乡」化用白居易《初出城留别》「我生本无乡，心安是归处」与《种桃杏》「无论海角与天涯，大抵心安即是家」的「心安」思想，也暗含《庄子》「安时而处顺」的旷达哲理，那「此心安处是吾乡」以「心安」写「归处」，写尽「随遇而安」的旷达，是千古名句。全词化用《世说新语》、白居易、庄子的意象与传统，以人写达、以问写旷，正是苏轼「以旷达写深情」的本领。

Commentary

This lyric is long praised as a model of 'writing deep feeling through detachment' and the source of the famous line 'where my heart finds peace, there is my home.' Critics prize it: a Qing critic said 'through Yuniang's detachment he writes Su Shi's admiration, sincere and apt'; modern scholars note that Yuniang's image—'returned yet younger,' 'where my heart finds peace'—writes the detachment of 'take things as they come,' a perfect portrait of Su Shi's life outlook. In literary history its special value is that it writes Su Shi's detachment through Yuniang's image—the praise of 'jade-carved gentleman' and 'cream-skinned maid,' the cool song of 'snow flies, fiery sea,' the composure of 'returned yet younger,' the fragrance of 'southern plum,' and the detachment of 'where my heart finds peace'—all write a woman's breadth of spirit after hardship, and Su Shi's admiration and self-encouragement (he too was in exile at Huangzhou). 'Snow flies, the fiery sea turns cool and clear' hyperbolizes the song's magic; 'where my heart finds peace' is a pointed line on detachment—both famous. The latter especially became solace for countless wanderers: 'peace of mind is home' is the highest expression of Chinese scholars' 'take things as they come.' This lyric with Su Shi's 'Dingfengbo: Listen not to the rain' ('a straw cloak through a lifetime of misty rain') are both famous detachment lyrics—one writes detachment in wind and rain, one on return from Lingnan—both expressions of his 'when the stream ends, sit and watch the clouds rise' philosophy. For today's readers it is a window onto Su Shi's detachment and the philosophy of 'peace of mind is home,' and a model of the 'write detachment through a person' tradition—that maid's smile, plum fragrance, and home of the heart still comfort every wanderer across a thousand years.

此词历来被推为苏轼词中「以旷达写深情」的名篇，也是「此心安处是吾乡」这一千古名句的出处。历代论者对此词评价极高：清人评此词「以寓娘之旷达，写苏轼之欣赏，情真意切」，近人更指出此词以寓娘「万里归来颜愈少」「此心安处是吾乡」的形象，写出了「随遇而安」的旷达精神，是苏轼人生观的绝佳写照。在文学史上，此词的特殊价值在于：它以寓娘的形象写出了苏轼的旷达——那「常羡人间琢玉郎，天应乞与点酥娘」的赞美，那「雪飞炎海变清凉」的歌声，那「万里归来颜愈少」的从容，那「笑时犹带岭梅香」的芬芳，那「此心安处是吾乡」的旷达，都写尽了一个历经磨难的女子「随遇而安」的胸襟，也写出了苏轼对这份旷达的欣赏与自勉——他此时亦贬居黄州，寓娘的「此心安处是吾乡」，正是他的心声。词中「雪飞炎海变清凉」以夸张写歌声的魔力，「此心安处是吾乡」以问答写旷达的警句，都是千古名句；后者更成为无数漂泊者的精神慰藉——「心安即是归处」，正是中国士人「随遇而安」哲学的最高表达。此词与苏轼的《定风波·莫听穿林打叶声》（「一蓑烟雨任平生」）同为写旷达的名篇，一写风雨中的旷达，一写岭南归来的旷达，都是其「行到水穷处，坐看云起时」人生哲学的体现。对于今日读者，此词是理解苏轼旷达精神与「心安即是归处」哲学的窗口，也是感受中国词「以人写达」传统的典范——那点酥娘的笑、岭梅的香、此心安处的故乡，穿越千年，仍在安慰着每一个漂泊者。

Prosody

Form Lyric (Dingfengbo, two stanzas, sixty-two characters)词（定风波，双调六十二字）

Rhyme The upper stanza mixes level rhymes (lang, niang, liang) with oblique (chi, qi), the lower mixes oblique (shao, xiao, hao, dao) with level (xiang, xiang); the shifting level-oblique rhymes are graceful and flowing, suiting the bright, dedicatory style.上片押平声阳韵与仄声相间（郎、娘、齿、起、凉），下片押仄声上声韵与平声相间（少、笑、香、好、道、乡），平仄转换，韵音婉转流丽，正合其赠人的明快风格。

Tone pattern This is the Dingfengbo mode, sixty-two characters, with level-oblique shifts; the broken short lines serve the emotion. The whole divides into two stanzas: upper writes Yuniang's beauty and song; lower writes her detachment. The tone uses broken two- and three-character lines for a bright, dedicatory rhythm, the level-oblique shifts making it graceful—fitting 'writing deep feeling through detachment.'此词为「定风波」词牌，双调六十二字，平仄韵转换（上片「郎娘凉」平韵、「齿起」仄韵；下片「少笑好道」仄韵、「香乡」平韵），以短句的错落为抒情服务。全词按内容可分为两片：上片写寓娘的才貌与歌声（常羡琢玉郎、点酥娘、清歌传皓齿、风起、雪飞炎海变清凉）；下片写寓娘的旷达（万里归来颜愈少、微笑、笑时犹带岭梅香、试问岭南应不好、却道、此心安处是吾乡）。声调上，全词以短句（三字句、二字句）的错落写赠人的明快，平仄韵转换使声情婉转流丽，正合其「以旷达写深情」的风格。

Reading note This is a Dingfengbo short lyric; its broken short lines and level-oblique shifts write the bright, detached dedication—Su Shi's gift for 'writing feeling through lyric.' Two stanzas: upper writes beauty and song, lower writes detachment. The tone uses two-character ('wind rises,' 'a faint smile') and three-character broken lines for a skipping rhythm; the level-oblique shifts make it graceful, fitting the deep feeling and detachment of the dedication. Read it with an admiring tone for the upper stanza's praise of beauty and song, and a composed tone for the lower's detachment—especially 'I ask... she answers...' should be read composed and pointed, to convey Su Shi's 'writing deep feeling through detachment.'此词是「定风波」双调小令，以短句的错落与平仄韵的转换写赠人的明快与旷达，正是苏轼「以词写情」的本领。全词两片：上片写寓娘的才貌与歌声（琢玉郎、点酥娘、清歌传皓齿、雪飞炎海变清凉），下片写寓娘的旷达（颜愈少、岭梅香、此心安处是吾乡）。声调上，全词以二字句（风起、微笑）与三字句的错落写节奏的跳宕，平仄韵转换使声情婉转，正合其赠人的深情与旷达。诵读此词，宜以赞美的语调读上片的才貌歌声，以从容的语调读下片的旷达，尤其「试问岭南应不好，却道，此心安处是吾乡」诸句，要读得从容而警策，方能传达出苏轼「以旷达写深情」的深意。苏轼词以「旷达」著称，此词正是其赠人词中「以旷达写深情」的经典。

Line by line

雪飞炎海变清凉。

Snow flies, and the fiery sea turns cool and clear. (A famous line on Yuniang's song, using hyperbole—'snow flies' writes the song's cool clarity like falling snow; 'the fiery sea turns cool and clear' writes its magic, cooling even hot Lingnan, hinting her song dissolves the gloom of exile. The imagined snow and the hyperbolic 'turns cool' show Su Shi's praise of her talent and composure—a wondrous, real-unreal stroke that makes this a classic line on singing.)

如雪飞落，炎海也变清凉。

Like snowflakes flying, the fiery sea turns cool.

这句是写寓娘歌声的名句，也是千古名句，以「雪飞炎海变清凉」的夸张写歌声的魔力，虚实相生。「雪飞」写歌声如雪般清冽——那清歌响起，如雪花飞落，写尽歌声的清凉；「炎海变清凉」写歌声的魔力——那炎热的岭南（炎海），因歌声而变得清凉，「变清凉」三字，写尽歌声的穿透力。这句的深意在于：它以「雪飞炎海变清凉」写寓娘歌声的魔力——那歌声不仅能令人清凉，更能令「炎海」（炎热的贬所，也是苦闷的象征）变清凉，暗写寓娘的歌声能消解贬谪的苦闷；那「雪飞」的想象、「变清凉」的夸张，正是苏轼对寓娘才情与心境的赞美——一个在岭南历尽艰辛的女子，其歌声依然清冽如雪、其心境依然清凉从容。以「雪飞」写清冽、以「炎海变清凉」写魔力，正是苏轼虚实相生的笔法，也让这句成为写歌声的名句。

The line is the famous line of writing Yunniang's song, and the immortal line, writing the song's magic through the hyperbole of like snowflakes flying, the fiery sea turns cool, the virtual and the real engendering. Like snowflakes flying writes the song's clearness like snow — the clear song rising, like snowflakes flying, exhausting the song's coolness; the fiery sea turns cool writes the song's magic — the fiery Lingnan (the fiery sea), because of the song, turning cool, the three words turns cool exhausting the song's penetrating power. The deep meaning: like snowflakes flying, the fiery sea turns cool writes Yunniang's song's magic — the song not only making the listener cool, but making the fiery sea (the hot exile place, also the symbol of the anguish) turn cool, secretly writing Yunniang's song's dissolving of the exile's anguish; the like-snow imagination and the turns-cool hyperbole, precisely Su Shi's praise of Yunniang's talent and mind — a woman who has endured the hardships of Lingnan, her song still clear as snow, her mind still cool and composed. Writing the clearness through the snow, the magic through the fiery-sea-turning-cool, precisely Su Shi's brush of the virtual and the real, making the line the famous line of the song.

此心安处是吾乡。

Where my heart finds peace, there is my home. (The lyric's pivotal line and a famous saying, seven characters writing Yuniang's detachment. 'Where my heart finds peace' writes inner calm—wherever the heart is settled, one is at ease; 'there is my home' writes that home is not birthplace but where the heart rests. It shows her detachment beyond ordinary measure—not that Lingnan was easy, but that after hardship she is通透 (tongshen, perceptive); and deeper, it is also Su Shi's own consolation in exile. 'Peace' and 'home' together make this a timeless line—'peace of mind is home' is the highest expression of Chinese scholars' taking things as they come.)

此心安处，便是吾乡。

Where this heart rests at peace, there is my home.

这句是全词的点题之笔，也是千古名句，以「此心安处是吾乡」七字写寓娘的旷达，警策而隽永。「此心安处」写内心的安定——只要内心安定，无论身处何地（岭南也好，他乡也好），都能安之若素，「心安」写尽内心的定力；「是吾乡」写「心安即是归处」——故乡不必是出生的地方，而是心能安定的地方，「是吾乡」写尽随遇而安的旷达——身可漂泊，心不可漂泊；身无定所，心可有归处。这句的深意在于：它以「心安」与「吾乡」的关联，写出了寓娘超越常人想象的旷达——常人以为岭南不好，她却道「此心安处是吾乡」；这旷达不是没有历经艰难（她万里随贬、历尽艰辛），而是历经艰难后的通透——正因为心能安，故无论身处何地，皆是故乡。而更深一层，这「此心安处是吾乡」既是寓娘的心声，也是苏轼的欣赏与自勉——他亦贬居黄州，正需要这样的旷达来安顿自己。以「心安」写定力、以「是吾乡」写归处，正是苏轼「以问答写旷达」的本领，也让这句成为千古名句——「心安即是归处」，正是中国士人随遇而安哲学的最高表达。

The line is the naming stroke of the ci, and the immortal line, writing Yunniang's breadth in the seven words where this heart rests at peace, there is my home, the warning and the lingering. Where this heart rests at peace writes the mind's settling — only the mind at peace, wherever the place (Lingnan or the strange land), able to take it as it is, the heart-at-peace exhausting the mind's constancy; is my home writes the heart-at-peace-is-the-home — the home need not be the birthplace, but the place where the mind can settle, the is-my-home exhausting the breadth of taking things as they come — the body may drift, the mind not drift; the body without a fixed place, the mind with a resting place. The deep meaning: the link of the heart-at-peace and my-home writing Yunniang's breadth beyond the common imagination — the common thought Lingnan bad, and she says where this heart rests at peace, there is my home; this breadth is not that the hardships were not endured (she ten thousand li following the exile, through the hardships), but the lucidity after the hardships — precisely because the heart can rest, wherever the place, all home. And the deeper layer, this where this heart rests at peace, there is my home is at once Yunniang's inner voice, and Su Shi's admiration and self-encouragement — he too exiled in Huangzhou, precisely needing such breadth to settle himself. Writing the constancy through the heart-at-peace, the resting place through the is-my-home, precisely Su Shi's craft of writing breadth through question-and-answer, making the line the immortal line — the heart at peace is the resting place, precisely the highest expression of the Chinese scholar's philosophy of taking things as they come.

Study

Word focus

安 Peace / settled. (The key word of detachment; 'where my heart finds peace' writes Yuniang's detachment. It has two senses: inner calm—whatever the place, if the heart is settled one is at ease; and home as taking things as they come—the body may wander, the heart need not. Su Shi says 'where my heart finds peace,' raising 'settlement' from body to heart, the highest detachment. No other word would carry quite this Zen-like calm and ease.) 「安」字是写旷达的关键字，一个「安」字写尽「心安即是归处」的旷达，是全词的题眼。安者，安定、安适也。苏轼以「此心安处是吾乡」写寓娘的旷达，一个「安」字，至少有双重意味：其一，写内心之安定——「心安」写内心的安定、平静——无论身处何地（岭南也好，他乡也好），只要内心安定，便能安之若素，那「安」字写尽内心的定力；其二，写归处之随遇——「心安处是吾乡」写「心安之处便是故乡」——故乡不必是出生的地方，而是心能安定的地方，那「安」字写尽「随遇而安」的旷达——身可漂泊，心不可漂泊；身无定所，心可有归处。以「安」写旷达，正是苏轼对「随遇而安」哲学的凝练表达：他不说「身安是吾乡」（身体安处），而说「心安是吾乡」（内心安处）——那「安」字，从「身」的安顿升华到「心」的安顿，正是旷达的最高境界。若换作「定」「适」等字，则或失其「心安」的禅意，或失其「随遇而安」的旷达；唯「安」字，以一字写尽内心的安定与随遇而安的旷达，也让「此心安处是吾乡」成为千古名句。

乡 Home / native place. (The key word of detachment's destination; 'there is my home' writes that home is where the heart rests. It has two senses: transcending native place—home need not be birthplace but 'where the heart is at peace'; and settling the wanderer's spirit—the body may roam, the heart has a home. Su Shi raises 'home' from geography to psychology; 'my home' is the spiritual home of every wanderer. No other word would carry quite this depth of 'home' and 'rest.') 「乡」字是写旷达归宿的关键字，一个「乡」字写尽「心安即是归处」的深意，是全词的归宿。乡者，故乡、归处也。苏轼以「此心安处是吾乡」写寓娘的旷达，一个「乡」字，至少有双重意味：其一，写故乡之超越——「吾乡」写寓娘心中的故乡——那故乡不必是出生的地方（她随贬岭南，远离故乡），而是「心安处」——只要心能安定，哪里都是故乡，那「乡」字写尽对「故乡」的超越——故乡不再是地理的概念，而是心安的归处；其二，写归宿之安顿——「是吾乡」写「心安处」便是「吾乡」——漂泊的人最渴望的便是「归处」，寓娘却说「心安处是吾乡」——那「乡」字写尽漂泊者的精神归宿——身可漂泊，心有归处。以「乡」写旷达，正是苏轼对「归处」的独特理解：他把「故乡」从地理概念升华为心理概念——「吾乡」不是生我之地，而是心安之处；那「乡」字，写尽了「随遇而安」者的精神家园。若换作「家」「归」等字，则或失其「故乡」的深意，或失其「归宿」的安顿；唯「乡」字，以一字写尽「心安即是归处」的旷达，也让「此心安处是吾乡」成为千古名句——那「吾乡」，正是每一个漂泊者心中的精神家园。