清 Qing · 诗 Poem
出栈
Leaving the Plank Road
马嘶人语乱斜曛，十里岚光染裤裙。
蜀栈青骡不可度，谁知下有五花云。
Ten li of mountain mist dyes the travelers' robes;
The Shu plank-road none but a black mule could cross;
Who would know below lies a five-hued cloud.
Meaning
A record of a hard journey out of the Shu plank road, where danger suddenly yields to a vision of five-hued clouds below—wonder and release amid the peril.
马嘶人语在斜阳里一片纷乱，十里山岚之光染湿了行人的裤裙。蜀道栈险，青骡都难以越过，谁又能想到栈下竟藏着五彩的云霞。
Appreciation
Zhang opens with noise and dusk—neighing horses, mixed voices, slanting light—and mountain mist that soaks the travelers' robes. The plank road is so steep not even a black mule could cross it, yet the last line turns the whole peril on its head: below lies a five-hued cloud. The effect moves from strain to sudden wonder, finding ease within danger. Its surprise ending is what lingers.
【白话串讲】 “马嘶人语乱斜曛，十里岚光染裤裙”——张问陶写出栈：马嘶人语，斜阳西照。“蜀栈青骡不可度，谁知下有五花云”——他走出蜀道，看见云海。 【意象与手法】以“马嘶人语”“斜曛”“岚光”写栈道行旅之艰，末句“五花云”奇景反衬栈险，险中见奇。 【情感与主旨】写穿越蜀栈的艰险行旅，于险境中忽见云霞奇景，流露惊奇与超脱。 【名句点睛】“谁知下有五花云”——以栈下奇云收束，险中见奇，余味悠然。
Background
Zhang Wentao was a Qing-dynasty poet (a Sichuan native); this quatrain records what he saw leaving by the plank road through the Shu mountains.
《出栈》为清代张问陶所作，是写出栈道、五花云的旅途诗。张问陶（1764—1814），字仲冶，号船山，遂宁人，清代诗人。此诗：马嘶人语乱斜曛，十里岚光染裤裙。蜀栈青骡不可度，谁知下有五花云。全诗写出栈道、五花云，是张问陶诗的名篇。
Art
It writes the journey through sound (neigh, voices) and light (slanting dusk, mist), then closes by contrasting the peril with a wondrous cloud below.
《出栈》艺术上以栈道之行的描摹与五花云的奇想见长。全诗四句：首写马嘶人语——“马嘶人语乱斜曛，十里岚光染裤裙”写马嘶人语乱斜曛、十里岚光染裤裙；末写五花云——“蜀栈青骡不可度，谁知下有五花云”写蜀栈青骡不可度、谁知下有五花云。全诗以栈道之行写五花云，正是张问陶诗奇想的笔法。
Allusions
Allusions in 'Emerging from the Plank Road' run through 'horses neighing and travelers talking,' 'the disordered glow of the setting sun,' 'ten li of mountain mist,' 'dyeing trousers and skirts,' 'the Shu plank roads,' 'the gray mule that cannot cross,' and 'the five-hued clouds.' 'The Shu plank roads' names the dizzying cliff-side galleries into Sichuan and 'the five-hued clouds' a vision of rainbow mist. The poem captures the moment of emerging from the pass, its allusions natural and its fanciful vision self-evident -- the manner of Zhang Wentao's verse.
《出栈》用典在“马嘶人语”“乱斜曛”“十里岚光”“染裤裙”“蜀栈”“青骡不可度”“五花云”。“马嘶人语”写马嘶人语；“乱斜曛”写乱斜曛（斜阳余晖）；“十里岚光”写十里岚光；“染裤裙”写染裤裙；“蜀栈”写蜀栈（蜀道栈道）；“青骡不可度”写青骡不可度；“五花云”写五花云。全诗以这些意象写出栈道、五花云，用典自然而奇想自见，正是张问陶诗的笔法。
Commentary
Critics say it 'writes the danger and strangeness of the Shu road, finding ease within hardship.'
《出栈》是张问陶诗的名篇，也是清诗中写蜀道奇景的代表作。此诗写出栈道、五花云，向为论者称道。论者多赏其栈道之行的描摹与五花云的奇想——“马嘶人语乱斜曛，十里岚光染裤裙”写马嘶人语乱斜曛、十里岚光染裤裙，奇想之极；“蜀栈青骡不可度，谁知下有五花云”写蜀栈青骡不可度、谁知下有五花云，更见其奇。张问陶为性灵派诗人，诗亦奇逸，此诗正是其代表——以栈道之行写五花云，正是其诗风。
Prosody
Line by line
马嘶人语乱斜曛，十里岚光染裤裙。
Horses neigh, men chatter, mingled in the slanting sunset; ten li of misty mountain light dyes trousers and skirts.
马嘶人语乱斜曛，十里岚光染裤裙。
Horses neigh and voices mingle in the slanting sunset glow; ten li of mountain haze dyes the very clothes.
首写马嘶人语乱斜曛、十里岚光染裤裙，是全诗写栈道之行的起点。“马嘶人语乱斜曛”写马嘶人语乱斜曛——“马嘶人语乱斜曛”写马嘶人语、乱于斜曛——马嘶人语乱斜曛；“十里岚光染裤裙”写十里岚光染裤裙——“十里岚光染裤裙”写十里岚光、染上衣裙——十里岚光染裤裙。二句写马嘶人语乱斜曛、十里岚光染裤裙：马嘶人语乱斜曛，十里岚光染裤裙。以“马嘶人语乱斜曛”写马嘶人语、斜曛暮色，以“十里岚光染裤裙”写十里岚光、染上衣裙，正是张问陶诗写栈道之行的起点——马嘶人语，十里岚光。
The opening writes horses neighing and voices mingling in the slanting sunset, ten li of mist dyeing the clothes, the starting point of the poem's journey on the plank road. Horses neigh, men chatter, mingled in the slanting sunset writes the neighing and voices tangled in the declining light. Ten li of misty mountain light dyes trousers and skirts writes ten li of mountain haze dyeing the garments. Two lines: horses and voices in the slanting dusk, ten li of haze dyeing the clothes. Writing the horses' neigh and the voices, the slanting sunset dusk, writing the ten li of mountain haze dyeing the garments, precisely the starting point of Zhang Wentao's plank-road journey — horses neighing, ten li of mountain haze.
蜀栈青骡不可度，谁知下有五花云。
The Shu plank road, the blue mule scarce crosses; who knew that below lie the five-colored clouds.
蜀栈青骡不可度，谁知下有五花云。
The blue mule can scarce cross the Shu plank road; who would have known that below lie the five-colored clouds.
末写蜀栈青骡不可度、谁知下有五花云，是全诗写五花云的归结。“蜀栈青骡不可度”写蜀栈青骡不可度——“蜀栈青骡不可度”写蜀道栈上、青骡也难行——蜀栈青骡不可度；“谁知下有五花云”写谁知下有五花云——“谁知下有五花云”写谁知栈下、有五色云——谁知下有五花云。二句写蜀栈青骡不可度、谁知下有五花云：蜀栈青骡不可度，谁知下有五花云。以“蜀栈青骡不可度”写蜀栈险峻、青骡难行，以“谁知下有五花云”写谁知栈下、有五色云，正是张问陶诗写五花云的归结——蜀栈难行，下有五花云。
The closing writes the Shu plank road the blue mule scarce crosses, who knew below lie the five-colored clouds, the resolution of the poem's five-colored clouds. The Shu plank road, the blue mule scarce crosses writes the road above the Shu plank road where even the blue mule can barely pass. Who knew that below lie the five-colored clouds writes who could have known the five-colored clouds beneath the road. Two lines: the blue mule scarce crossing the Shu plank road, who knew below the five-colored clouds. Writing the peril of the Shu road, the blue mule's hard passage, writing the five-colored clouds beneath the road, precisely the resolution of the five-colored clouds — the Shu road hard to cross, and below, the five-colored clouds.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
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李白《蜀道难》写蜀道之难难于上青天、猿猱欲度愁攀援，与本诗同为诗写蜀道之险。差异在体裁与情致：出栈写七绝之奇想；蜀道难写乐府之壮阔。一写“奇”之想，一写“壮”之难。两者并读，可见诗写蜀道之险的两种情致。
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杜牧《山行》写远上寒山石径斜、白云生处有人家，与本诗同为诗写山行远眺。差异在情境：出栈写栈道奇景；山行写秋山远眺。一写“栈”之奇，一写“云”之远。两者并读，可见诗写山行远眺的两种情境。