近现代 近现代 · 诗 Poem
再别康桥·版本二
Saying Goodbye to Cambridge Again — Version Two
轻轻的我走了,正如我轻轻的来;
我轻轻的招手,作别西天的云彩。
那河畔的金柳,是夕阳中的新娘;
波光里的艳影,在我的心头荡漾。
Just as softly as I came;
I wave softly,
Saying goodbye to the clouds in the western sky.
The golden willows by the riverbank,
Are the brides in the setting sun;
The lovely shadows in the waves of light,
Wander in my heart.
Meaning
The opening of the most famous poem of the modern Chinese poetry, Xu Zhimo's 'Saying Goodbye to Cambridge Again.' Softly he walks away, just as softly as he came; he waves softly, saying goodbye to the clouds in the western sky — the softness of the departure, the goodbye to the clouds. The golden willows by the riverbank are the brides in the setting sun; the lovely shadows in the waves of light wander in his heart — the willows of the riverbank, the brides of the setting sun, and the shadows wandering in the heart. The poem is the soft departure from Cambridge: the softly coming and going, and the golden willows and their shadows kept in the heart.
轻轻地我走了,正如我轻轻地来;我轻轻地招手,作别西天的云彩。那河畔的金柳,是夕阳中的新娘;波光里的艳影,在我的心头荡漾。
Appreciation
[Plain Paraphrase] Softly I walk away, just as softly as I came; I wave softly, saying goodbye to the clouds in the western sky. The golden willows by the riverbank, are the brides in the setting sun; the lovely shadows in the waves of light, wander in my heart. [Structure and Thought] The passage moves from the soft departure — the softly coming and going, the waving goodbye to the clouds — to the golden willows of the riverbank, the brides of the setting sun, and the shadows wandering in the heart. [Key Technique] The poem's art is the softness and the beauty: the softly of the departure, and the brides of the setting sun — the willows of Cambridge transformed into the brides, the beauty of the place kept in the heart through the shadows. [Emotional Tone] Soft, tender, and lingering: the passage is the soft departure and the kept beauty, the softly coming and going, and the golden willows in the heart.
【白话串讲】 徐志摩写《再别康桥》:“轻轻的我走了,正如我轻轻的来”——“我轻轻的招手,作别西天的云彩”。“那河畔的金柳,是夕阳中的新娘”——“波光里的艳影,在我的心头荡漾”——他告别剑桥,“在康河的柔波里,我甘心做一条水草”。 【意象与手法】 此诗是新月派「三美」(音乐美、绘画美、建筑美)主张的完美实践:「轻轻」的复沓与「来/彩」「娘/漾」的押韵构成回环的音乐美;金柳、新娘、波光、艳影等意象如油画般色彩鲜明,构成绘画美;两节各四行、句行参差而整饬,构成建筑美。比喻(金柳如新娘)、拟物(艳影荡漾心头)、复沓(轻轻)等手法,把离别的柔情写得摇曳生姿。 【情感与主旨】 以「轻轻的来去」写对康桥的深情眷恋与不忍惊扰的温柔,金柳如新娘、艳影荡心头,可见康桥在诗人心中的神圣地位,抒发的是一种「欲说还休」的甜蜜而惆怅的别离之情。 【名句点睛】 「轻轻的我走了,正如我轻轻的来」以顶真式的回环写出离别姿态之轻、情感之重,成为中国现代诗中最著名的开篇之一。
Background
Xu Zhimo (1897–1931) wrote 'Saying Goodbye to Cambridge Again' at his second departure from Cambridge, where he had studied and which he loved as the place of his poetic awakening. The poem is the most famous of the modern Chinese poetry: softly he walks away, softly as he came, waving goodbye to the clouds of the western sky; the golden willows of the riverbank are the brides in the setting sun, and their shadows wander in his heart. The close — 'softly I wave my sleeve, not taking away a single cloud' — is the famous goodbye. This second version carries the opening of the poem.
《再别康桥》作于1928年11月6日,徐志摩第三次游历康桥(剑桥)后归国途中(一说作于归国船中)。徐志摩(1897—1931),原名章垿,字槱森,浙江海宁人,新月派代表诗人。1921—1922年,他放弃哥伦比亚大学博士学位,赴英国剑桥大学皇家学院就读,剑桥的学院风光与英伦的浪漫主义文学(拜伦、雪莱、济慈)深深影响了他,使他成为中国现代诗坛「浪漫主义」的代表。他自述「我的眼是康桥教我睁的,我的求知欲是康桥给我拨动的,我的自我的意识是康桥给我胚胎的」,康桥于他实为「精神故乡」。1928年秋,徐志摩第三次赴英,故地重游,物是人非(诗人此际婚姻破裂、事业颠沛),归途遂成此诗。此版本二为全诗前两节:首节写「轻轻的来去」的告别姿态,次节写金柳与艳影的眷恋意象,是全诗情感的起点与核心意象所在。又诗人此次重游康桥,正值婚姻破裂、事业飘零之际,故地重游而物是人非,诗中「轻轻的来去」既是温柔的姿态,也是克制的告别——愈是轻轻,愈见其情之重,此亦全诗情感基调之所由。
Art
The passage's art is the art of the soft departure. The departure opens in the softness: softly he walks away, just as softly as he came; he waves softly, saying goodbye to the clouds in the western sky — the three softlies of the coming, the going, and the waving, the goodbye to the clouds. The beauty follows: the golden willows by the riverbank are the brides in the setting sun — the willows transformed into the brides, the gold of the setting sun; the lovely shadows in the waves of light wander in his heart — the shadows of the willows, wandering in the heart. The soft departure and the kept beauty: the softly coming and going, and the golden brides and their shadows kept in the heart, the beauty of Cambridge carried in the softness.
此诗是新月派「三美」理论的完美实践,艺术上以「意象鲜明、音乐回环、结构整饬」见长。其一是音乐美:「轻轻」一词在首节三次复沓(轻轻的我走了/我轻轻的来/我轻轻的招手),如轻音乐的三重奏,把离别的脚步写得轻柔可闻;「来/彩」(ai韵)与「娘/漾」(ang韵)的隔句押韵,韵脚疏朗,音节圆转;句子的长短参差(如「轻轻的我走了」五字与「作别西天的云彩」七字),造成行云流水般的节奏。其二是绘画美:金柳(夕阳中的新娘)——以新娘喻柳,色彩金黄(夕阳)、形态娇美,是视觉的焦点;波光里的艳影——光与影的交融,明暗交错;西天的云彩——以「云彩」而非「云」作别,色彩感更强;两节意象由「天空(云彩)—河畔(金柳)—波光(艳影)」层层下降,如镜头由远及近、由外及内,最终落于「心头」,画面与情感交融。其三是建筑美:两节各四行,行数整齐而句长参差(五至七字),成「首节定格、次节展开」的对称结构。手法上,比喻(金柳如新娘)、拟人(作别云彩)、通感(艳影荡漾心头)并用,把别离的柔情写得摇曳生姿。
Allusions
The poem carries no learned allusion; its art is the modern plainness. 'The clouds in the western sky' (xitian de yuncai) are the clouds of the west, the clouds of the parting; 'the golden willows' (jinliu) are the willows of the riverbank, golden in the setting sun; 'the brides in the setting sun' (xiyang zhong de xinniang) are the willows imagined as the brides — the beauty of the transformation; 'the lovely shadows in the waves of light' (boguang li de yanying) are the shadows of the willows in the light — the shadows wandering in the heart.
此诗虽为现代自由诗,其文化意蕴却深植于中西传统。其一是「康桥」(Cambridge,剑桥)的文化意象:康桥既是地理的剑桥大学,也是英国浪漫主义文学的圣地,更是徐志摩「精神故乡」的象征——「康桥教我睁了眼」,诗中云彩、金柳、波光皆是康桥之景,而「再别」之「再」字,暗含「曾来—重来—告别」的三重时间结构,别离的不仅是康桥,更是旧日的自己。其二是「作别西天的云彩」的文化意蕴:「西天」一词,在中国语境中既指西方(英国在西方),又暗含佛家「极乐西天」的余韵,以「云彩」作别而不言「人」,取景高洁而情致空灵,别离的对象由具体的人抽象为自然的云,正是中国古典诗「以物写情」传统的现代转化。其三是「金柳如新娘」的意象传统:以「新娘」喻物,承《诗经》「桃之夭夭,灼灼其华」以新嫁娘写桃花的传统,亦暗合英国湖畔诗人(华兹华斯)以自然为新娘的浪漫想象,中西合璧。其四是新月派的理论背景:闻一多倡「三美」(音乐美、绘画美、建筑美),徐志摩此诗正是「三美」的实践标本,其音节之圆转、意象之鲜明、结构之整饬,皆可溯至新月派对诗歌「格律化」的自觉追求。
Commentary
This poem is the most famous of the modern Chinese poetry, quoted for the softness of its departure. The softly coming and going, and the golden willows as the brides of the setting sun, are among the most quoted lines of the modern tradition. Critics praise the poem's softness: the tender departure and the kept beauty, the softly of the goodbye to Cambridge.
《再别康桥》是中国现代诗史上流传最广、影响最深的名篇之一,此版本二(前两节)更是其艺术精华所在。就诗学价值言,此诗把新月派「三美」主张推至极致:音乐上「轻轻」的复沓与「来/彩」「娘/漾」的押韵,构成中国新诗中最优美的旋律之一;意象上金柳、云彩、波光、艳影的色彩与光影组合,如一幅印象派油画;结构上两节对称而句行参差,是「建筑美」的典范。就文学史地位言,此诗标志着新月派由「格律试验」走向「艺术成熟」,是五四以来白话新诗在艺术上足以与古典名篇比肩的少数杰作,「轻轻的我走了」开篇即成为中国现代诗的经典声口。就文化影响言,「再别康桥」已成为中国知识分子对「精神故乡」与「逝去青春」的双重隐喻,此诗被反复诵读、谱曲传唱,入选各类教材,哺育了几代人的审美;而「轻轻的来去」所传达的「深爱而不扰」的情感姿态,更成为一种超越离别主题的普遍人生况味,其艺术生命历近百年而不衰。
Prosody
Line by line
轻轻的我走了,正如我轻轻的来;我轻轻的招手,作别西天的云彩。
Softly I walk away, just as softly as I came; I wave softly, saying goodbye to the clouds in the western sky.
轻轻地我走了,正如我轻轻地来;我轻轻地招手,与西天的云彩作别。首节以「轻轻」的复沓写离别姿态之轻柔,奠定全诗轻柔惆怅的基调。
Gently I go, as gently I came; I gently wave farewell to the clouds of the western sky.
首节是全诗最著名的开篇,也是全诗情感与节奏的定调。「轻轻的我走了,正如我轻轻的来」以回环的句式写「来—去」的对称:来是轻轻的,走也是轻轻的,仿佛不曾惊动什么——「轻轻」三次复沓(轻轻的我走了/我轻轻的来/我轻轻的招手),如轻音乐的三重奏,把离别的脚步写得轻柔可闻,也把「深爱而不忍惊扰」的情感姿态写得淋漓尽致:正因为对康桥爱之太深,才以最轻的脚步告别,怕惊动这片净土,也怕惊动自己心中珍藏的记忆。「我轻轻的招手,作别西天的云彩」更把告别的对象从「人」升华为「云彩」——不与人道别而与云彩道别,取景高洁,情致空灵,别离的不仅是康桥,更是旧日的美好时光。句式的回环(轻轻的我走了,正如我轻轻的来)如顶真,音节流转,一唱三叹,把「欲说还休」的惆怅写得婉转低回,遂成中国现代诗中最经典的告别声口。
The going. Gently I go, as gently I came; I gently wave farewell to the clouds of the western sky. The gently go and gently come and the waved-farewell western clouds are the opening. To have gone gently would be a going; the gently-i-go-as-gently-i-came-i-gently-wave-farewell-to-the-clouds-of-the-western-sky is the going.
那河畔的金柳,是夕阳中的新娘;波光里的艳影,在我的心头荡漾。
The golden willows by the riverbank, are the brides in the setting sun; the lovely shadows in the waves of light, wander in my heart.
那河畔的金柳,是夕阳中的新娘;它倒映在波光里的美丽身影,在我的心头荡漾不去。次节以「新娘」喻金柳,写康桥之美在心头挥之不去。
The golden willows by the river are a bride in the sunset; her bright image mirrored in the waves ripples on in my heart.
次节是全诗意象最鲜明的一节,以「新娘」之喻写康桥之美。「那河畔的金柳,是夕阳中的新娘」——金柳:夕阳下河畔的垂柳,被夕阳镀成金色;新娘:以人生中最美的形象(新娘)喻柳,娇美、神圣、含羞,把自然之景拟人化、生命化,正如华兹华斯以自然为新娘的浪漫想象——柳本无情,因「新娘」之喻而有了人的温度;「夕阳中」三字更点出色彩的来源:金柳之金,正因夕阳之辉,光与色交融,如一幅印象派油画。「波光里的艳影,在我的心头荡漾」——「艳影」写柳影倒映波中,波光粼粼,影亦明艳;「在我的心头荡漾」以「荡漾」写心潮之动:波光里的艳影,不只是映入眼帘,更荡入心头,挥之不去——从「河畔(金柳)」到「波光(艳影)」再到「心头(荡漾)」,镜头由外及内、由物及心,把康桥之美内化为心灵深处的眷恋。此节承首节「轻轻的告别」而来:正因为心头荡漾着康桥的艳影,告别才须如此轻柔,两节一写姿态、一写眷恋,互为表里,全诗的柔情至此已摇曳生姿。
The bride. The golden willows by the river are a bride in the sunset; her bright image mirrored in the waves ripples on in my heart. The golden-willow bride and the rippling-on-in-my-heart are the image. To have been the bride would be a being; the the-golden-willows-by-the-river-are-a-bride-in-the-sunset-her-bright-image-mirrored-in-the-waves-ripples-on-in-my-heart is the being.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
The full version of 'Saying Goodbye to Cambridge Again' carries the whole departure — the soft coming and going, the golden willows, the elm grove, the rainbow-like dreams, and the close's 'softly I wave my sleeve, not taking away a single cloud'; this second version carries the opening — the softness and the golden brides — the two scopes of the same famous poem.
《再别康桥·正式》与《再别康桥·版本二》同出徐志摩《再别康桥》,正式版为全诗七节,版本二节选前两节。合观二者,可见全诗的结构与意境:前两节(版本二)写「轻轻的来去」与「金柳艳影」,是告别姿态的定调与核心意象的呈现;正式版其后尚有「软泥上的青荇」「榆荫下的一潭」「寻梦?撑一支长篙」「但我不能放歌」「悄悄的我走了」诸节,由河畔金柳写到水底青荇、天上彩虹,再写到「寻梦」的回忆与「不能放歌」的克制,最终以「悄悄的我走了,正如我悄悄的来;我挥一挥衣袖,不带走一片云彩」收束,与首节「轻轻」遥相呼应,形成完整的回环结构。版本二以「轻轻」开篇,正式版以「悄悄」收尾,一轻一悄,正是全诗「深爱而不扰」情感姿态的首尾完成。由节选入全篇,康桥之恋的层次(姿态—眷恋—回忆—克制—挥别)方告完整。
沙扬娜拉 Shayang Nala 徐志摩 · 同为徐志摩告别诗,一别康桥一别日本女郎 Both are the poems of Xu Zhimo's longing — the soft goodbye of Cambridge, the late longing of Shayang — the two longings of the poet.Xu Zhimo's 'Shayang Nala' — 'in the most soft of the gentle waves, I recall the most soft of the south of the River' — is the longing of the remembered; 'Saying Goodbye to Cambridge Again' is the soft departure — the golden willows and the shadows in the heart — the two soft poems of Xu Zhimo, the one of the memory, the other of the goodbye.
《沙扬娜拉》(1924)与《再别康桥》同为徐志摩的告别名篇:《沙扬娜拉》以「最是那一低头的温柔,像一朵水莲花不胜凉风的娇羞」写与日本女郎的告别,短短五行,把「一低头」的瞬间温柔写得楚楚动人;《再别康桥》以「轻轻的我走了」写与康桥的告别,两节之中,把「轻轻的来去」的依依别情写得缠绵低回。二诗皆以「温柔」为基调,皆以「以物喻人(水莲花/新娘)」见长,皆以轻柔的语感写沉重的别情;差异在于,《沙扬娜拉》是赠人之作,情感集中在一瞬的娇羞与「珍重」的道别声中;《再别康桥》是自抒之作,情感弥漫于康桥的一草一木与旧日时光。二诗一写「人」之别、一写「地」之别,合观正见徐志摩「轻轻」诗风的两个侧面——情致之柔与意象之美。
我所知道的康桥 The Cambridge I Know 徐志摩 · 同写康桥,一文一诗互为注脚 Both are the works of Xu Zhimo on Cambridge — the prose of the place, the poem of the goodbye — the two Cambridge of the same poet.Xu Zhimo's 'The Cambridge I Know' is the prose of the beloved place — the Cambridge of his poetic awakening; 'Saying Goodbye to Cambridge Again' is the poem of the departure — the softly coming and going, the golden willows — the two Cambridge of the same poet, the one told, the other sung.
徐志摩散文《我所知道的康桥》与诗《再别康桥》同为康桥题材的姊妹篇:散文以数万言的篇幅细写康桥的学院生活、田野风光与四季晨昏,「康桥的灵性全在一条河上」,是诗意的散文;诗以两节(版本二)或七节(正式版)的精炼笔墨,把对康桥的眷恋凝于「轻轻」「金柳」「艳影」等意象之中,是散文的诗化。合观二者,可见徐志摩「康桥情结」的完整表达:散文中「我的眼是康桥教我睁的」的自白,正是诗中「作别西天的云彩」的情感根源;散文里「河上的金柳」「西天的晚霞」的描写,正是诗中「金柳如新娘」「作别云彩」的意象原型。一文一诗,一铺陈一凝练,一写实一抒情,恰成中国现代文学中「同一题材、两种文体」的绝佳对照,也可见徐志摩「以散文养诗、以诗炼散文」的创作路径。