近现代 近现代 · 词 Ci lyric
贺新郎·别友
Tune: 'Congratulating the Bridegroom' — Parting from a Friend
挥手从兹去。
更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉。
眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住。
知误会前番书语。
过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝。
人有病，天知否？
今朝霜重东门路，照横塘半天残月，凄清如许。
汽笛一声肠已断，从此天涯孤旅。
凭割断愁丝恨缕。
要似昆仑崩绝壁，又恰像台风扫寰宇。
重比翼，和云翥。
How can I bear to face you in such grief, and tell our bitter story once more?
At eye's corner and brow's tip all seems resentment; hot tears would fall yet stay.
I know the misunderstanding in my letter of before.
Clouds and mist vast, passing the eye—among mortal men, bosom friends are you and I.
Has the friend an ailment? Does Heaven know?
This morning frost lies heavy on the eastern-gate road;
half the sky, a waning moon shines on the Heng Pond, so desolate.
At a whistle of the steam whistle, the heart is already broken; from now on, a lone traveler to the world's end.
Let me cut apart the threads of sorrow and strands of regret.
Be like Kunlun's cliffs collapsing, or a typhoon sweeping the firmament.
Again we'll fly wing to wing, and soar with the clouds.
Meaning
A lyric to his wife Yang Kaihui, the poem binds marital tenderness with revolutionary resolve. It moves through the pain of parting, a misunderstanding between lovers, the desolation of the frosty road and waning moon, then breaks into a vow to sever sorrow and meet again 'wing to wing'—personal love transformed into a vision of shared, sky-spanning struggle.
挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉。眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住。知误会前番书语。过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝。人有病，天知否？今朝霜重东门路，照横塘半天残月，凄清如许。汽笛一声肠已断，从此天涯孤旅。凭割断愁丝恨缕。要似昆仑崩绝壁，又恰像台风扫寰宇。重比翼，和云翥。
Appreciation
[Plain Paraphrase] He waves and departs; cannot bear the grieving face, the repeated bitter tale. Eyes and brows show resentment, hot tears fall yet halt; he knows the earlier letter's misunderstanding. Clouds and mist pass—you and I are the world's bosom friends. 'Has the friend an ailment? Does Heaven know?' Morning frost on the east-gate road, a waning moon on Heng Pond; one steam whistle breaks the heart, hence a lone traveler to the ends of earth. Cut the sorrow-threads; be like Kunlun's cliffs falling, a typhoon sweeping the sky; again fly wing to wing, soaring with clouds. [Structure] Two stanzas: the first intimate and inward, the second outward and cosmic. [Imagery] Tearful eyes, waning moon, steam whistle versus Kunlun's collapse and typhoon—private grief answered by public grandeur. [Tone] Tender and heroic intertwined.
【白话串讲】 毛泽东写《贺新郎·别友》：“挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉”——“眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住”——“过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝”——“汽笛一声肠已断，从此天涯孤旅”——他写离别——算人间知己吾和汝。 【意象与手法】 “挥手从兹去”以动作起笔；“更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉”写离别之苦；“眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住”以细节写含泪之态；“过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝”以云雾写沧桑、以知己写深情；“汽笛一声肠已断，从此天涯孤旅”以汽笛写别离；结以“重比翼，和云翥”寄望未来。深婉与豪迈交织。 【情感与主旨】 毛泽东写给夫人杨开慧的离别词，既写儿女情长的缠绵，又见革命者以天下为重的胸襟，将个人离别与革命理想结合，是毛泽东早期词作中情意深挚的一首。 【名句点睛】 常考“过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝”以知己写深情；“汽笛一声肠已断，从此天涯孤旅”以汽笛肠断写别离。
Background
Mao Zedong (1893–1976), styled Runzhi, from Xiangtan, Hunan, was a proletarian revolutionary, strategist, and accomplished poet. 'Congratulating the Bridegroom — Parting from a Friend' (He Xin Lang · Bie You) is a lyric written to his wife Yang Kaihui. It records a parting charged with both conjugal love and the demands of revolutionary work. The piece belongs to Mao's early poetry, distinguished by its unusual union of romantic delicacy and grand, world-embracing aspiration, and is among his most emotionally direct lyrics.
《贺新郎·别友》为毛泽东所作词。毛泽东（1893—1976），字润之，湖南湘潭人，中国无产阶级革命家、军事家，也是杰出的诗人。此词写离别感怀，为别友之作。词中「挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉」写挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉；「眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住」写眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住；「过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝」写过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝；「今朝霜重东门路，照横塘半天残月」写今朝霜重东门路，照横塘半天残月；「重比翼，和云翥」写重比翼，和云翥。毛泽东此词以离别感怀、重比翼和云翥写其离别之情，深婉豪迈，是毛泽东词中的名篇。此篇《贺新郎·别友》在历代选本中多被收录，其艺术价值与流传之广，正可见此诗在同类题材中的重要地位。诗人以匠心独运之笔写寻常之情事，遂使此作历千载而犹有生气，为后人所称赏不绝。
Art
The lyric's art is the interweaving of deep tenderness and heroic sweep ('soulful yet heroic, scene embodying feeling'). The first stanza stays close: the wave of the hand, the grieving face, tears that 'fall yet stay,' the acknowledged letter-misunderstanding—intimate, almost whispered. 'Clouds and mist vast, passing the eye' widens the lens to assert 'you and I are bosom friends,' and the abrupt 'Has the friend an ailment? Does Heaven know?' mixes concern with cosmic appeal. The second stanza opens on a cold tableau—frost, east-gate road, waning moon on Heng Pond—then the modern 'steam whistle' shatters the heart into a 'lone traveler.' The close pivots from grief to resolve: 'cut apart the threads of sorrow,' then the towering similes of Kunlun's collapsing cliffs and a typhoon sweeping the firmament, ending 'wing to wing, soaring with the clouds.' Private parting thus flowers into shared, sky-wide struggle.
此词艺术上以「深婉豪迈、以景写情」见长。全词共两句，由挥手从兹去而眼角眉梢都似恨而过眼滔滔云共雾。起「挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉」写挥手从兹去：挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉；「眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住」写眼角眉梢都似恨：眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住；「过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝」写过眼滔滔云共雾：过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝；「今朝霜重东门路，照横塘半天残月」写今朝霜重东门路：今朝霜重东门路，照横塘半天残月；结「重比翼，和云翥」写重比翼：重比翼，和云翥。全词以景写情，由挥手从兹去而重比翼和云翥，深婉豪迈，是毛泽东词中的名篇。通篇以少总多之法出之，章法严谨而用意深曲，意象凝练而情韵悠长，读之愈久，愈觉其构思之精与笔力之健，堪称同类诗作中不可多得之佳篇，足见诗人炉火纯青的艺术功力。
Allusions
The poem's allusions are few but apt. 'Wing to wing' (bi yi) invokes the mythic biyi bird, a pair of lovebirds inseparable in flight, here promising reunion in shared endeavor. 'The heart is broken' (chang duan) draws on the traditional 'broken-heart' lament for parting, given new edge by the modern steam whistle. 'Kunlun' and 'typhoon' are not classical allusions but cosmic images Mao favors, figuring revolutionary force as natural catastrophe reshaping the world. The whole thus blends the old parting convention with a thoroughly modern, activist horizon.
词中「挥手从兹去更那堪凄然相向苦情重诉」「眼角眉梢都似恨热泪欲零还住知误会前番书语」「过眼滔滔云共雾算人间知己吾和汝人有病天知否」「今朝霜重东门路照横塘半天残月凄清如许汽笛一声肠已断从此天涯孤旅凭割断愁丝恨缕要似昆仑崩绝壁又恰像台风扫寰宇重比翼和云翥」等语，皆含典故故实。「挥手从兹去更那堪凄然相向苦情重诉」写挥手从兹去更那堪凄然相向苦情重诉；「眼角眉梢都似恨热泪欲零还住知误会前番书语」写眼角眉梢都似恨热泪欲零还住知误会前番书语；「过眼滔滔云共雾算人间知己吾和汝人有病天知否」写算人间知己吾和汝；「今朝霜重东门路照横塘半天残月凄清如许」写今朝霜重东门路照横塘半天残月凄清如许；「汽笛一声肠已断从此天涯孤旅」用肠断之典（肠断写离肠欲断），写汽笛一声肠已断从此天涯孤旅；「要似昆仑崩绝壁又恰像台风扫寰宇重比翼和云翥」用比翼之典（比翼写比翼鸟），写要似昆仑崩绝壁又恰像台风扫寰宇重比翼和云翥。词人以肠断、比翼等典入词，不着痕迹，而把离别感怀之情写得真切可感，是善于熔铸典故的体现。
Commentary
This is Mao's most candid love lyric. Its first half is pure conjugal feeling—the reluctance to part, the half-fallen tears, the honesty about a past misunderstanding—free of political abstraction. The line 'you and I are bosom friends' quietly elevates the marriage into comradeship. The second half meets the steam whistle's heartbreak not with collapse but with a cutting-away of sorrow and a vision of cosmic scale. The movement from 'lone traveler' to 'fly wing to wing' is the poem's emotional resolution: personal love is not denied but redirected into collective, sky-soaring purpose. Soulful and heroic, intimate and grand, it shows the early Mao where the lover and the revolutionary are still one.
这首《贺新郎·别友》，是毛泽东写离别感怀之作，写挥手从兹去、眼角眉梢都似恨、过眼滔滔云共雾、今朝霜重东门路、重比翼之情，深婉豪迈。起「挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉」——挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉。写挥手从兹去：挥手从兹去、更那堪凄然相向、苦情重诉——从兹去、凄然相向、苦情重诉；「眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住」——眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住。写眼角眉梢都似恨：眼角眉梢都似恨、热泪欲零还住——都似恨、欲零还住；「过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝」——过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝。写过眼滔滔云共雾：过眼滔滔云共雾、算人间知己吾和汝——云共雾、知己吾和汝；「今朝霜重东门路，照横塘半天残月」——今朝霜重东门路，照横塘半天残月。写今朝霜重东门路：今朝霜重东门路、照横塘半天残月——东门路、半天残月；结「重比翼，和云翥」——重比翼（用比翼之典），和云翥。写重比翼：重比翼、和云翥——比翼、云翥。这「重比翼，和云翥」，是全词之结：以重比翼和云翥写其离别。全词深婉豪迈，以景写情，正是毛泽东词中的名篇。
Prosody
Line by line
挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉。
With a wave of the hand, from here I go. How can I bear to face you in such grief, and tell our bitter story once more?
挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉。
Waving my hand, I go from here. How can I bear it—gazing at each other in sorrow, telling our grief again and again?
起句写挥手从兹去，起笔即见其别。「挥手从兹去」写挥手从兹去，「挥手」写挥手、「从兹去」写从兹去；「更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉」写更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉，「更那堪凄然相向」写更那堪凄然相向、「苦情重诉」写苦情重诉。两句一写挥手从兹去、一写更那堪凄然相向苦情重诉，以挥手从兹去写从兹去、以更那堪凄然相向苦情重诉写苦情重诉，写尽挥手从兹去、更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉之情。以别起兴，深婉而豪迈，是「以别起兴」的妙笔。
The farewell. Waving my hand, I go from here. How can I bear it—gazing at each other in sorrow, telling our grief again and again? The waved hand and the sorrowful face-to-face repeated grief are the departure. To have said he waved goodbye would be a gesture; the waving-hand-going-from-here against the how-bear-it-sorrowful-face-to-face-repeated-grief is the gesture.
眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住。
At eye's corner and brow's tip all seems resentment; hot tears would fall yet stay.
眼角眉梢都似恨，热泪欲零还住。
The corners of the eyes and brows all hold regret; hot tears are about to fall, yet are held back.
此二句写眼角眉梢都似恨，是全词写眼角之态的关键。「眼角眉梢都似恨」写眼角眉梢都似恨，「眼角眉梢」写眼角眉梢、「都似恨」写都似恨；「热泪欲零还住」写热泪欲零还住，「热泪欲零」写热泪欲零、「还住」写还住。两句一写眼角眉梢都似恨、一写热泪欲零还住，以眼角眉梢都似恨写都似恨、以热泪欲零还住写欲零还住，写尽眼角眉梢都似恨、热泪欲零还住之情。以泪写情，深婉而豪迈，是「以泪写情」的点睛之笔。
The tears. The corners of the eyes and brows all hold regret; hot tears are about to fall, yet are held back. The regretful eyes and the tears-checked are the parting restraint. To have described the held-back tears would be a detail; the eye-and-brow-corners-full-of-regret against the hot-tears-about-to-fall-yet-held-back is the detail.
过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝。
Clouds and mist vast, passing the eye—among mortal men, bosom friends are you and I.
过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝。
Clouds and mist rush past the eyes; of all on earth, the ones who understand each other are you and I.
此二句写过眼滔滔云共雾，是全词写云雾之态的关键。「过眼滔滔云共雾」写过眼滔滔云共雾，「过眼滔滔」写过眼滔滔、「云共雾」写云共雾；「算人间知己吾和汝」写算人间知己吾和汝，「算人间知己」写算人间知己、「吾和汝」写吾和汝。两句一写过眼滔滔云共雾、一写算人间知己吾和汝，以过眼滔滔云共雾写云共雾、以算人间知己吾和汝写知己吾和汝，写尽过眼滔滔云共雾、算人间知己吾和汝之情。以云写情，深婉而豪迈，是「以云写情」的点睛之笔。
The bond. Clouds and mist rush past the eyes; of all on earth, the ones who understand each other are you and I. The rushing clouds and mist against the you-and-I as the only souls who understand, are the bond. To have said they understood each other would be a claim; the clouds-and-mist-rushing-past against the of-all-on-earth-the-ones-who-understand-are-you-and-I is the claim.
重比翼，和云翥。
Again we'll fly wing to wing, and soar with the clouds.
重比翼，和云翥。
Again, wing to wing, we soar up with the clouds.
结句写重比翼，是全词立意的落点。「重比翼」用比翼之典写重比翼，「重」写重、「比翼」写比翼；「和云翥」写和云翥，「和云」写和云、「翥」写翥。两句一写重比翼、一写和云翥，以重比翼写比翼、以和云翥写云翥，写尽重比翼、和云翥之情。以翼写情，深婉而豪迈，是全词最动人处，也是「以翼写情」的点睛之笔。此句以寥寥数语写尽深意，情韵兼胜，正是全诗点睛之笔。其于字句之间暗藏波澜，于平易之中寄寓曲折，尤当反复涵泳，方能得其三昧。
The soar. Again, wing to wing, we soar up with the clouds. The wing-to-wing and the cloud-soaring are the closing hope. To have said they would fly together again would be a hope; the again-wing-to-wing against the soaring-up-with-the-clouds is the hope.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
Su Shi's 'Prelude to Water Melody' ('may men live long; though miles apart, we share the same moon') is a famous Song lyric of parting and broad-mindedness. Mao's 'Congratulating the Bridegroom' writes 'wave the hand and go… bosom friends are you and I.' Both turn parting into aspiration: Su Shi's is generous acceptance, Mao's soulful and resolute—two ways of writing aspiration within leave-taking.
苏轼《水调歌头·明月几时有》「但愿人长久，千里共婵娟」，写离别感怀、深婉旷达，是宋词长调的名篇；毛泽东《贺新郎·别友》则以「挥手从兹去。更那堪凄然相向，苦情重诉」「过眼滔滔云共雾，算人间知己吾和汝」写挥手从兹去、知己吾和汝。两词同写离别感怀、深婉旷达：一写但愿人长久、以千里共婵娟写思亲，一写挥手从兹去更那堪凄然相向、以挥手写别情；一为苏轼之旷达、一为毛泽东之深婉，并读正可见词写「离别感怀」的两种笔法，皆于离别之中见感怀。
八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天 Tune: 'Eight Beats of Ganzhou' — 'Facing the drizzling dusk rain on river and sky' 柳永 · 同写羁旅离别、深婉凝望，一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、一写汽笛一声肠已断从此天涯孤旅，皆于羁旅之中见离别 Both write travel-and-parting with soulful gazing—one 'facing the drizzling dusk rain' versus 'at a steam whistle the heart breaks, a lone traveler'—parting within travel.Liu Yong's 'Eight Beats of Ganzhou' ('facing the drizzling dusk rain on river and sky, once more it washes the clear autumn') is a celebrated Song lyric of travel and parting. Mao's lyric writes 'at a steam whistle the heart is broken, hence a lone traveler' and 'frost heavy on the east-gate road, a waning moon on Heng Pond.' Both dwell on travel-parting with soulful gaze: Liu Yong's clear, limpid melancholy versus Mao's soulful depth—two ways of writing parting within journey.
柳永《八声甘州·对潇潇暮雨洒江天》「对潇潇暮雨洒江天，一番洗清秋」，写羁旅离别、深婉凝望，是宋词写羁旅的名篇；毛泽东《贺新郎·别友》则以「汽笛一声肠已断，从此天涯孤旅」「今朝霜重东门路，照横塘半天残月」写肠已断天涯孤旅、霜重东门路。两词同写羁旅离别、深婉凝望：一写对潇潇暮雨洒江天、以暮雨写清秋，一写汽笛一声肠已断从此天涯孤旅、以汽笛写别情；一为柳永之清丽、一为毛泽东之深婉，并读正可见词写「羁旅离别」的两种笔法，皆于羁旅之中见离别。