近现代 近现代 · 现代诗 现代诗
感事呈毛主席
Events of the Time, Presented to Chairman Mao
开天辟地君真健，说项依刘我大难。
夺席谈经非五鹿，无车弹铗怨冯驩。
But to praise others or lean on the powerful — that is too hard for me;
To seize the mat and debate the classics I am no Wulu;
With no carriage, I pluck the sword and resent like Feng Xuan.
Meaning
Liu Yazi presents this poem to Mao Zedong, praising the leader's world-founding vigor while confessing his own unruly, free spirit and mild grievance at being unrecognized.
开天辟地您真算雄健，要我依傍权门、替人说项我却大难。夺席谈经我比不上五鹿，无车弹铗我只得怨那冯驩。
Appreciation
The poem opens by hailing Mao as the founder who 'opened heaven and earth,' then turns to self-deprecation: he cannot flatter or cling to power. Dense allusions — Shuo Xiang, Yi Liu, the mat-debating Wulu, the sword-plucking Feng Xuan — let him speak of himself through ancient figures. The tone is elegant and wry, blending praise with a frank admission of his stubborn independence. A faint note of unrecognized talent runs beneath the jest. In a few lines it captures Liu Yazi's lofty, untamed character.
【白话串讲】 柳亚子写诗呈毛主席：“开天辟地君真健，说项依刘我大难”——他赞毛泽东开天辟地，叹自己进退两难。“夺席谈经非五鹿，无车弹铗怨冯驩”——他借用典故，表达自己的牢骚。后来毛泽东回赠一首，劝他莫要牢骚太盛。 【意象与手法】用典密集（说项、依刘、夺席谈经、五鹿、弹铗冯驩），以古人自况，典雅诙谐。 【情感与主旨】柳亚子呈毛泽东，既赞领袖开天辟地之健，又自陈疏狂不羁、难随流俗的性情，亦含怀才未遇的淡淡牢骚。 【名句点睛】“开天辟地君真健，说项依刘我大难”——一赞一自嘲，疏狂毕现。
Background
Liu Yazi presented this to Mao Zedong in 1949, on the eve of the new nation's founding; it is a famous exchange poem.
《感事呈毛主席》为近代柳亚子所作，是写开天辟地、说项依刘的赠呈诗。柳亚子（1887—1958），原名慰高，字安如，江苏吴江人，近代诗人。此诗：开天辟地君真健，说项依刘我大难。夺席谈经非五鹿，无车弹铗怨冯驩。全诗写开天辟地、说项依刘，是柳亚子诗的名篇。
Art
It packs dense allusions (Shuo Xiang, Yi Liu, Wulu, Feng Xuan), using the ancients to speak of the present, elegant and wry.
《感事呈毛主席》艺术上以开天辟地的称颂与说项依刘的自述见长。全诗四句：首写开天辟地——“开天辟地君真健，说项依刘我大难”写开天辟地君真健、说项依刘我大难；末写夺席无车——“夺席谈经非五鹿，无车弹铗怨冯驩”用夺席弹铗两典写夺席谈经非五鹿、无车弹铗怨冯驩。全诗以开天辟地写说项依刘，正是柳亚子诗用典的笔法。
Allusions
'Shuo Xiang' means praising others (Yang Jingzhi); 'Yi Liu' means leaning on the powerful (Wang Can with Liu Biao); 'seize the mat and debate the classics' means debating talent (Dai Ping); 'Wulu' is Wulu Chongzong; 'plucking the sword' comes from Feng Xuan in the Zhan Guo Ce.
《感事呈毛主席》用典在“开天辟地”“说项依刘”“夺席谈经”“五鹿”“无车弹铗”“冯驩”。“开天辟地”用开天辟地之典（开辟天地）；“说项依刘”用说项依刘之典（杨敬之说项、王粲依刘）；“夺席谈经”用夺席之典（戴凭夺席）；“五鹿”用五鹿之典（五鹿充宗）；“无车弹铗”用弹铗之典（冯驩弹铗）；“冯驩”用冯驩之典（孟尝君门客）。全诗以这些意象写开天辟地、说项依刘，用典自然而贴切自见，正是柳亚子诗的笔法。
Commentary
Mao later used this poem as a reason to invite Liu Yazi to consult on the nation's founding.
《感事呈毛主席》是柳亚子诗的名篇，也是近代诗中写感事述怀的代表作。此诗写开天辟地、说项依刘，向为论者称道。论者多赏其开天辟地的称颂与说项依刘的自述——“开天辟地君真健，说项依刘我大难”用开天辟地说项依刘两典写开天辟地君真健、说项依刘我大难，贴切之极；“夺席谈经非五鹿，无车弹铗怨冯驩”用夺席弹铗两典写夺席谈经非五鹿、无车弹铗怨冯驩，更见其意。柳亚子为南社诗人，诗以用典贴切著称，此诗正是其代表——以开天辟地写说项依刘，正是其诗风。
Prosody
Line by line
开天辟地君真健，说项依刘我大难。
You, truly mighty, have opened heaven and split earth; to speak of Xiang and rely on Liu is more than I can manage.
开天辟地君真健，说项依刘我大难。
You are truly mighty, splitting open heaven and earth; for me, to speak of Xiang Yi or to attach to Liu Biao—such a course is far too hard.
首用开天辟地说项依刘两典写开天辟地君真健、说项依刘我大难，是全诗写开天辟地的起点。“开天辟地君真健”用开天辟地之典写开天辟地君真健——“开天辟地君真健”用开辟天地之典写开天辟地、君真强健——开天辟地君真健；“说项依刘我大难”用说项依刘之典写说项依刘我大难——“说项依刘我大难”用杨敬之说项王粲依刘之典写说项依刘、我则大难——说项依刘我大难。二句写开天辟地君真健、说项依刘我大难：开天辟地君真健，说项依刘我大难。以“开天辟地君真健”用开天辟地之典写开天辟地、君真强健，以“说项依刘我大难”用说项依刘之典写说项依刘、我则大难，正是柳亚子诗写开天辟地的起点——君真健，我大难。
The contrast. You, truly mighty, have opened heaven and split earth; to speak of Xiang and rely on Liu is more than I can manage. The opening heaven and earth (the new regime) against the Yang Jingzhi-and-Wang Can allusions (the poet's own difficulty attaching himself) are the opening contrast. To have praised the leader while confessing his own awkwardness would be a compliment; the opening-heaven-splitting-earth-you-are-truly-mighty against the speaking-of-Xiang-relying-on-Liu-is-too-hard-for-me is the compliment.
夺席谈经非五鹿，无车弹铗怨冯驩。
To seize the mat and lecture the classics—I am no Wulu; to tap the sword for want of a carriage—I grudge like Feng Huan.
夺席谈经非五鹿，无车弹铗怨冯驩。
Seizing the mat to debate the classics, I am no Wulu Chongzong; without a carriage, I tap the sword and grudge like Feng Huan.
末用夺席弹铗两典写夺席谈经非五鹿、无车弹铗怨冯驩，是全诗写说项依刘的归结。“夺席谈经非五鹿”用夺席之典写夺席谈经非五鹿——“夺席谈经非五鹿”用戴凭夺席之典写夺席谈经、并非五鹿——夺席谈经非五鹿；“无车弹铗怨冯驩”用弹铗之典写无车弹铗怨冯驩——“无车弹铗怨冯驩”用冯驩弹铗之典写无车弹铗、怨那冯驩——无车弹铗怨冯驩。二句写夺席谈经非五鹿、无车弹铗怨冯驩：夺席谈经非五鹿，无车弹铗怨冯驩。以“夺席谈经非五鹿”用夺席之典写夺席谈经、非五鹿之比，以“无车弹铗怨冯驩”用弹铗之典写无车弹铗、怨冯驩之遇，正是柳亚子诗写说项依刘的归结——夺席谈经，弹铗怨驩。
The two allusions. To seize the mat and lecture the classics—I am no Wulu; to tap the sword for want of a carriage—I grudge like Feng Huan. The Dai Ping seizing-the-mat allusion (he is no great classicist) and the Feng Huan sword-tapping allusion (he wants his due) close the self-portrait. To have said he was no scholar but expected his deserts would be a self-portrait; the seize-the-mat-debate-classics-no-Wulu against the no-carriage-tap-the-sword-grudge-like-Feng-Huan is the self-portrait.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
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