汉 Han · 乐府 Yuefu ballad
有所思
Thinking of Someone
有所思，乃在大海南。
何用问遗君？
双珠玳瑁簪，用玉绍缭之。
闻君有他心，拉杂摧烧之。
摧烧之，当风扬其灰。
从今以往，勿复相思！
相思与君绝！
鸡鸣狗吠，兄嫂当知之。
妃呼豨！
秋风肃肃晨风飔，东方须臾高知之。
What gift shall I send? A tortoiseshell hairpin with twin pearls, wrapped with jade.
But I hear you have another love — I break it, I burn it!
I burn it, and scatter its ashes to the wind.
From now on, never more longing!
My love for you is dead!
The rooster crows, the dog barks — my brother and his wife will know.
Alas!
The autumn wind sighs, the dawn wind whirls. Soon the east shall brighten and know my heart.
Meaning
A woman deeply in love prepares an exquisite gift for her beloved, but upon hearing of his infidelity, she violently destroys the gift and resolves to end her love. Yet the final lines reveal lingering sorrow and uncertainty.
我思念的人，在那大海之南。拿什么赠送给你呢？一支饰以双珠的玳瑁发簪，再用美玉缠绕装饰。听说你有了二心，我便把它折断杂碎、烧毁。烧毁了它，还要迎风把灰扬散。从今以后，不再相思！我与你的情意断绝！鸡鸣狗叫，兄嫂定会知晓。妃呼豨！秋风肃肃、晨风迅疾，东方不久天明，自会知晓我的心。
Appreciation
The poem vividly depicts a woman's emotional upheaval — from intense love to fierce hatred. The meticulous description of the precious hairpin contrasts sharply with its violent destruction, highlighting her strong-willed character. The use of repetition ("burn it to ashes") and the onomatopoeic sigh "Fei hu xi" add raw folk-song emotion. The closing autumnal scene leaves an unfinished, lingering feeling.
【白话串讲】 她有个心上人在大海南，准备了珍贵的玉簪要送他。听说他变心了，她立刻把玉簪烧了，风里扬灰：从今以后，不再想他！——汉朝女子，爱得热烈，断得也干脆。 【意象与手法】 章法以「思—赠—闻变—毁—绝」递进，情绪如浪。赠簪一节极尽工细（「双珠」「玳瑁」「玉绍缭」），与后文「拉杂摧烧」的粗暴形成强烈对照，爱之深恰成恨之切。末二句以景结情，秋风肃肃、晨风飔厉，暗喻心意纠结，余味不尽。 【情感与主旨】 《有所思》为《汉铙歌十八曲》之一，本为军乐，后被采入乐府以歌恋情。诗写女子闻情人「有他心」后毁簪绝交，反映了汉代女性在婚恋中虽受礼法束缚，仍保有爱憎分明的主体意识。其「拉杂摧烧」之举，正见民间歌辞泼辣真率之风。 【名句点睛】 常考：①女子情感变化的层次与「毁簪」细节的意蕴；②「妃呼豨」等民歌语汇的作用；③顶真手法的表达效果（「摧烧之」的连用）与以景结情的结尾。
Background
This poem is one of the "Eighteen Songs of the Han Naoge" (martial music) later adopted as Yuefu folk songs. It reflects a woman's assertive autonomy in love during the Han dynasty. The act of breaking and burning the gift demonstrates a passionate, uncompromising spirit typical of folk literature.
《有所思》为《汉铙歌十八曲》之一。铙歌本为军乐（鼓吹曲），用于出行、凯旋等军礼，后被采入乐府，曲辞多写战争、游乐与民间情事，《汉铙歌十八曲》中《上邪》《有所思》《战城南》等皆为情歌或悲歌名篇。此诗写女子闻知情人「有他心」后的决绝：先写准备以珍重的信物（双珠玳瑁簪）相赠，闻变后竟将信物折断烧毁、迎风扬灰，誓与绝交；然鸡鸣狗吠、秋风肃肃之际，又见其内心的矛盾与犹疑。诗中的女子爱憎分明、刚烈决绝，反映了汉代民间女性在婚恋中的主体意识与人格尊严。汉乐府「感于哀乐，缘事而发」，此诗正以即事抒情、直抒胸臆的民歌笔法，写出爱情中的大悲大喜，是汉代民间情诗的代表作，与《上邪》并为汉铙歌情诗双璧。汉代女性在婚恋中的地位与礼法，史载与歌咏颇有出入：礼法虽严，民间女子仍保有相当的行动自由与情感自主，此诗正是明证——女子可以主动示爱（赠簪）、可以闻变决绝（毁簪），其爱憎之鲜明、决断之果敢，直可与「闻君有两意，故来相决绝」的卓文君形象前后辉映。又铙歌本为军乐，其雄壮之声与情歌之缠绵相映成趣，可见汉乐府「依声填辞」的灵活性；此诗与《上邪》《战城南》等同属《铙歌十八曲》而题材各异，正是铙歌题材驳杂的缩影。
Art
The structure progresses from longing, gift-giving, hearing of betrayal, to destruction and renunciation. The elaborate description of the hairpin ("twin pearls, tortoiseshell, jade-wrapped") contrasts with the violent "break and burn" action. The final lines use natural imagery (autumn wind, dawn) to imply unresolved emotions, ending with a lingering aftertaste.
章法以「思—赠—闻变—毁—绝」一线递进，情绪如浪翻涌。开篇「有所思，乃在大海南」点明所思之人远在海南，为后文赠物设下远寄之由；「何用问遗君？双珠玳瑁簪，用玉绍缭之」以自问自答写赠物之精心——双珠、玳瑁、玉饰层层加码，极写用情之专、爱之深挚。中幅陡转：「闻君有他心，拉杂摧烧之」写闻变后的暴烈反应，「拉杂」状乱砸，「摧烧」写烧毁；「摧烧之，当风扬其灰」顶真递进，烧毁犹不足，还要迎风扬灰，斩钉截铁、绝情至极；「从今以往，勿复相思！相思与君绝！」以短句连呼，如誓如咒，情感爆发至顶点。末幅转柔：「鸡鸣狗吠，兄嫂当知之」写此事将为家人所知，涉及其现实顾虑；「妃呼豨」一声叹息，收束激愤；「秋风肃肃晨风飔，东方须臾高知之」以景结情——秋风萧瑟、天色将明，此心唯有东方知之。全诗由爱之极深到恨之极切再到绝而未绝，情感的层次与转折细腻入微，刚柔相济，正是汉乐府民歌的最高艺术境界。
Allusions
"Fei hu xi" is a onomatopoeic interjection from folk song, akin to "alas" or a vocal filler, preserving the original oral quality. "Morning wind" alludes to the "Book of Songs" (Classic of Poetry) where it refers to a swift hawk, here implying restlessness and sorrow.
「玳瑁」为海龟类动物之甲壳，可制饰物，双珠玳瑁簪为汉代珍贵饰物，以之相赠见情深；「玉绍缭之」即以玉丝缠绕装饰。「拉杂」为方言口语，状折断混杂。「妃呼豨」为乐府中拟声叹词，无实义，乃歌者收声时的发声助词（类似「哎嗨哟」），保留了民歌口头歌唱的原貌，是铙歌入乐时的声腔遗存。「晨风」典出《诗经·秦风·晨风》「鴥彼晨风，郁彼北林」，本指鹯鸟疾飞，此处双关——既写秋风晨起之疾，又暗喻女子心意之翻腾不宁（《毛传》以晨风为「鹯」，其性疾飞，喻忧思）。「东方须臾高知之」之「高」通「皓」，指天色明亮。全诗用典皆融化于民歌口吻之中，尤以「妃呼豨」的声腔存真见其民俗价值。「当风扬其灰」亦含民俗意味：古代有「扬灰」以示绝交、消灭痕迹的习俗心理，诗中女子迎风扬灰，正是这种民俗心理的诗化表现；「鸡鸣狗吠」则暗用《诗经·郑风·风雨》「风雨凄凄，鸡鸣喈喈」的意象，写夜将晓而鸡犬已动，此事将为兄嫂所知——民歌以家常物象写心事，尤见其朴拙真切；「东方须臾高知之」之「高」（通「皓」）指天明，以「天知」作结，正是民歌「以天为证」的古老传统。
Commentary
Guo Maoqian's "Collection of Yuefu Poems" notes: "Thinking of Someone' is about yearning for a distant person." Ming scholar Zhu Jiazheng praised its "fierce yet gentle" tone. Modern critics pair it with "Shang Ye" as the two pillars of Han Yuefu love poetry—one gentle, one fierce.
郭茂倩《乐府诗集》引《乐府解题》：「《有所思》，思念远方人也。」此诗历来为汉乐府名篇。明人朱嘉徵评其「愤激之音，出于温柔」，道尽刚柔相济之妙；近人萧涤非《汉魏六朝乐府文学史》谓铙歌情诗「率真大胆，直写胸怀」，此篇即其代表。今人多将其与《上邪》并读：《上邪》以五件不可能之事起誓，写爱之坚贞不移；《有所思》以毁簪扬灰写爱之决绝破裂，一誓一绝、一柔一刚，恰好构成汉代女性爱情态度的两个极端。就文学史而言，此诗开后世弃妇诗、决绝诗之先声，唐诗中「闻君有两意，故来相决绝」的《白头吟》与之同调，其直抒胸臆的民歌精神历久弥新。就女性文学史而言，此诗的价值在于写出了「爱的决绝」这一母题：古来弃妇诗多写哀怨自伤（如《诗经·氓》「反是不思，亦已焉哉」的无奈），此诗却写主动的决裂与报复性的毁灭，女子由「思」而「赠」而「毁」而「绝」，一气呵成，其主体意识之强，直开《白头吟》「闻君有两意，故来相决绝」之先声，亦启李白《妾薄命》的刚烈一脉，是古代女性形象谱系中不可忽视的一环，也是民歌「以情为主、不避爱憎」的极致表现。
Prosody
Line by line
有所思，乃在大海南。
The one I think of is far off, south of the great sea.
我思念的人，在那大海之南。
The one I long for lives far away, south of the great sea.
开篇点题，以「思」字领起全诗，为后文赠物设下远寄之由。「有所思」三字直揭题意，所思为何人、何事，皆不点破，留待后文；「乃在大海南」写所思之人在遥远的大海之南，空间上的远隔为相思增添了难度与分量——越远越思，越思越切。此句以极朴素的民歌语言开篇，不事雕琢而情意自见，正是汉乐府「缘事而发」的本色；「大海南」的方位设定，也为下文「双珠玳瑁簪」的精心准备作了铺垫——越是路远，越要赠以珍物，以表深情。
The beloved. The one I long for lives far off, south of the great sea. The great-south-sea distance sets the poem's scale before the gift is named. To have said my love lived far away would be a statement; the thought-of one south of the great sea is the statement.
双珠玳瑁簪，用玉绍缭之。
A tortoiseshell hairpin with twin pearls, wound around with jade.
一支饰以双珠的玳瑁发簪，再用美玉缠绕装饰。
A tortoiseshell hairpin set with twin pearls, wrapped about with jade.
写赠物之精心，是全诗情感最浓的一笔。「双珠」写簪上缀珠之珍，「玳瑁」写簪体用料之贵，「用玉绍缭之」写再以美玉缠绕装饰——层层加码，极尽工细，可见其准备信物时用情之专、爱之深挚。此句的妙处在于为后文蓄势：越是精心珍重，闻变后的「拉杂摧烧」越显决绝，爱之深恰成恨之切，前后的强烈对照正是全诗情感张力的来源。以「双珠」「玳瑁」「玉」三种珍物叠写，正是民歌铺陈夸饰的笔法。
The gift. A tortoiseshell hairpin set with twin pearls, wound about with jade. The precious pin (twin pearls, tortoiseshell, jade) is the care lavished on the token. The more precious the pin, the more violent its destruction will be. To have described the prepared gift would be a detail; the twin-pearl tortoiseshell pin wound with jade is the detail.
闻君有他心，拉杂摧烧之。
I have heard you have another heart; I break it up and burn it.
听说你有了二心，我便把它折断杂碎、烧毁。
Hearing that you have another love, I break it to pieces and burn it.
闻变陡转，是全诗情感的转折点，也是女子刚烈性格的第一次爆发。「闻君有他心」写消息传来，「他心」即二心、变心，五个字写尽打击之突然；「拉杂摧烧之」写暴烈反应——「拉杂」状折断混杂、乱砸一气，「摧烧」写摧毁烧毁，曾精心缠绕的珍物，此刻被粗暴地摧毁，动作之猛烈可见心碎之深。此句以「他心」对「摧烧」，一变心一毁物，物毁即情断，爱之极深与恨之极切在同一个动作中爆发，民歌的泼辣真率扑面而来。
The news and the act. Hearing that you have another love, I break it to pieces and burn it. The news of his inconstancy is met by the smashing and burning of the carefully made pin. To have said she broke the gift when he was unfaithful would be a reaction; the hearing-of-his-other-heart against the break-and-burn is the reaction.
摧烧之，当风扬其灰。
Burn it up, and scatter the ashes in the wind.
烧毁它，还要迎风把灰扬散。
Burn it up, and scatter its ashes to the wind.
顶真递进，斩钉截铁，是全诗绝情至极的一笔。「摧烧之」紧承上句，顶真连用，如连珠炮般写毁物之彻底；「当风扬其灰」更进一层——烧毁犹不足，还要迎风扬散其灰，使信物灰飞烟灭、不留痕迹。此句以动作的层层加码写决绝之深：不但要毁其形，还要灭其迹，仿佛要连同那段感情一起抹去。顶真手法的运用，使语气一气贯注、急促有力，如誓言般斩钉截铁，女子的刚烈决绝在此达到顶点，是全诗最痛快淋漓的一笔。
The ashes. Burn it up, and scatter its ashes to the wind. The doubling (burn it up again) and the wind-scattering of the ashes are the thoroughness of the rejection. To have said she burned the pin and scattered the ashes would be an action; the burn-it-up again and the wind-scattered ashes are the action.
相思与君绝！
This longing between us is finished!
我与你的情意断绝！
This love of mine between us is ended!
短句如誓，是全诗情感爆发的高潮点。「相思与君绝」五字，如誓言、如宣告，斩钉截铁地斩断情丝——「相思」二字点出所断者正是此前的深情，「与君绝」写从此一刀两断。此句承「从今以往，勿复相思」而来，一「勿复」一「绝」，反复申说、语气愈决；短句的形式又使语气短促有力，如决绝的呐喊。然而「绝」字说得越响，越见用情之深——只有曾深爱过的人，才有这样痛彻的决绝。民歌以最直白的语言写最激烈的情感，此句正是典型。
The verdict. This love of mine between us is ended! The short, exclamatory sentence is the final cut. To have said the love was over would be a declaration; the short exclamation this-longing-with-you-is-finished is the declaration.
秋风肃肃晨风飔，东方须臾高知之。
The autumn wind sighs, the morning wind blows; the east will soon grow bright, and the dawn will know.
秋风肃肃、晨风迅疾，东方不久天明，自会知晓我的心。
The autumn wind sighs, the morning wind blows; soon the east will lighten, and the dawn will know my heart.
以景结情，绝而未绝，是全诗余味最长的结尾。「秋风肃肃」写秋风萧瑟之声，「晨风飔」写晨风疾吹之态（「晨风」亦暗用《诗经》鹯鸟疾飞之典，喻心意翻腾），秋风晨风交作，正是女子彻夜难眠、心绪纷乱的外化；「东方须臾高知之」写东方不久将明，此心唯有天明知晓——「高」通「皓」，指天色明亮。此句以景写心：风之肃肃即心之萧瑟，夜之将明即愁之将尽未尽。全诗由决绝到犹疑，由激愤到苍凉，绝而未绝、断而难断，余情悠长，正是汉乐府「以景结情」的典范收尾。
The dawn. The autumn wind sighs, the morning wind blows; soon the east will lighten, and the dawn will know. The poem closes on the unresolved night: the wind outside, and the thought that the coming dawn alone witnesses her wavering resolve. To have said she lay awake all night would be a detail; the sighing autumn wind, the morning breeze, and the soon-bright east that will know are the detail.
Study
Word focus
Related Reading
Both are Han Yuefu love poems, but 'Shang Ye' declares eternal love even after death, while 'Thinking of Someone' ends love upon betrayal. One gentle, one fierce.
《上邪》以「山无陵，江水为竭」等五件不可能之事起誓，写爱情之坚贞不移、至死不渝；《有所思》以毁簪扬灰、相思与君绝写爱情之决绝破裂。同出《汉铙歌十八曲》，一柔一刚、一誓一绝，恰成汉代女性爱情态度的两个极端：上邪是「爱之誓」，有所思是「恨之绝」，而皆以直抒胸臆的民歌笔法写出。比较二诗可见汉乐府情诗刚柔并济的两副面孔，也可见汉代女性于婚恋中的自主与刚烈。
陌上桑 Mulberry by the Road 汉乐府 · 同写女性刚烈自主，可见民间女性风骨 similarBoth portray strong-willed women: Luo Fu rejects a prefect's advances, while this woman breaks off her love upon betrayal. Both highlight female autonomy.
《陌上桑》写罗敷采桑陌上，严词拒绝使君调戏（「使君一何愚！使君自有妇，罗敷自有夫」），以机智与从容维护尊严；《有所思》写女子闻变即毁簪绝交，以暴烈与决绝维护尊严。一以智拒、一以情绝，一从容一刚烈，而皆见汉代民间女性爱憎分明、自尊自立的风骨。比较二诗可见汉乐府女性书写的丰富面向，也可见民歌中女性主体意识的觉醒。
白头吟 White Hair Song 汉乐府 · 同因男子「有他心」而起，可比较弃妇主题 similarBoth deal with a man's unfaithfulness. 'White Hair Song' wishes for a single-hearted love, while this poem reacts with immediate destruction. Both reflect the pain of betrayed women.
《白头吟》「闻君有两意，故来相决绝」写女子闻男子有二心而主动决绝，「愿得一心人，白头不相离」更道出对专一爱情的向往；《有所思》写女子闻变毁簪、迎风扬灰的暴烈决绝。同因男子「有他心」而起，一以冷静的宣告决绝（白头吟）、一以激烈的行动决绝（有所思），一「愿」一「绝」，恰可比较汉乐府弃妇、决绝主题的两种写法，也可见汉代女性面对情变时的两种姿态：理性的自尊与情感的风暴。